Analysis of tuberculosis epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance among the floating population in Beijing in 2019 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the epidemic characteristics and drug resistance of pulmonary tuberculosis among the floating population in Beijing and to provide a scientific basis for formulating strategies for the prevention and control of tuberculosis among the floating population. Methods: Data of tuberculosis patients who were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture was collected from 16 districts and one municipal institution of tuberculosis control and prevention in Beijing in 2019. The strain samples were tested for drug sensitivity by the proportional method. According to household registration location, patients were divided into the floating population and Beijing registration. SPSS 19.0 software analyzed tuberculosis patients' epidemic characteristics and drug resistance in the floating population. Results: In 2019, there were 1 171 culture-positive tuberculosis patients in Beijing, among the floating population, 593 (50.64%) patients were identified, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 2.2∶1 (409∶184). Compared to patients under household registration as Beijing residents, a higher proportion of young adults aged 20-39 years (65.09%,386/593) were noticed, with 55.65% (330/593) reported from the urban areas and 96.80% (574/593) were reported the first time. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After completing the drug sensitivity test, 37 cases were with multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis, accounting for 6.24% (37/593). The rates of isoniazid resistance (42.11%,8/19) and multidrug resistance (21.05%,4/19) in floating population patients after retreatment were significantly higher than those in newly treated patients (11.67%, 67/574 and 5.75%, 33/574), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Most patients with tuberculosis in the floating population in Beijing in 2019 were young males aged 20-39 years. The reporting areas were urban areas and the newly treated patients mainly. The patients with tuberculosis in the re-treated floating population were more likely to suffer from multidrug and drug resistance, which should be taken as the key population for prevention and control.

Progress on nutritional assessment and nutritional support for liver transplant recipients / 器官移植

Patients with end-stage liver disease after liver transplantation constantly suffer from malnutrition due to primary diseases and transplantation-related factors. Malnutrition will worsen clinical condition of the patients, increase the incidence of complication, length of hospital stay and medical expense after transplantation, and lower the survival rate. Sufficient nutritional support at all stages of liver transplantation is of significance. Accurate assessment of nutritional status and timely intervention are prerequisites for perioperative nutritional treatment in liver transplantation. In this article, the latest nutritional risk screening indexes and evaluation tools, nutritional support methods and other perioperative nutritional intervention measures for liver transplantation were reviewed, aiming to deepen the understanding and cognition of perioperative nutritional therapy for liver transplantation and provide reference for improving nutritional status and clinical prognosis of liver transplant recipients.

Identification of PTCH1-3'-UTR regulated lncRNAs associated with competing endogenous RNA networks in non-small cell lung cancer cell line / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To investgate the effect of PTCH1-3'-UTR on the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and analyze regulatory networks so as to indicate the function of PTCH1-3'-UTR.Methods We screened PTCH1-3'-UTR regulated lncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by using microarray,and validated the expression by qPCR.To explore the potential mechanisms of these lncRNAs underlying NSCLC progression,we performed GO and KEGG pathway analysis of the dysregulated lncRNAs.We also conducted a bioinformatic analysis in TCGA database to identify the association of PTCH1-3'-UTR regulated lncRNAs and the overall survival of NSCLC patients.Results The expression of seven PTCH1-3'-UTR up-regulated lncRNAs (LOC100507547,FAM41C,DOCK4-AS1,AC009305.1,KLF7-IT1,RP11-749H20.1,LINC01511) were validated by qPCR.The GO and KEGG pathway analysis of the dysregulated lncRNAs indicated that a series of biological progresses were involved in the function of PTCH1-3'-UTR regulated lncRNAs,including transcription,signal transduction,protein transport and translational elongation,and several pathways,such as calcium signaling pathway,Jak-STAT signaling pathway,p53 signaling pathway and insulin signaling pathway.Among the lncRNAs regulating PTCH1-3'-UTR,6 were shown to be associated with the overall survival of NSCLC patients.High expression of lncRNA-CDKN2BAS and FAM66D related to the probability of lower survival,while high expression of lncRNA-LINC00240,LOC400027,ABCC6P2 and FLJ10038 might have a higher probability of survival.Conclusions The study would provide an insight of the function of PTCH1-3'-UTR,and PTCH1-3'-UTR dysregulated lncRNAs may be potential prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC.

Screening of Serum Biomarkers for Distinguishing between Latent and Active Tuberculosis Using Proteome Microarray / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify potential serum biomarkers for distinguishing between latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A proteome microarray containing 4,262 antigens was used for screening serum biomarkers of 40 serum samples from patients with LTBI and active TB at the systems level. The interaction network and functional classification of differentially expressed antigens were analyzed using STRING 10.0 and the TB database, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to validate candidate antigens further using 279 samples. The diagnostic performances of candidate antigens were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Both antigen combination and logistic regression analysis were used to improve diagnostic ability.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microarray results showed that levels of 152 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-antigen- specific IgG were significantly higher in active TB patients than in LTBI patients (P < 0.05), and these differentially expressed antigens showed stronger associations with each other and were involved in various biological processes. Eleven candidate antigens were further validated using ELISA and showed consistent results in microarray analysis. ROC analysis showed that antigens Rv2031c, Rv1408, and Rv2421c had higher areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.8520, 0.8152, and 0.7970, respectively. In addition, both antigen combination and logistic regression analysis improved the diagnostic ability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Several antigens have the potential to serve as serum biomarkers for discrimination between LTBI and active TB.</p>

Interleukin 8 Gene Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Tuberculosis Susceptibility in the Chinese Population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Interleukin 8 (IL8) is an important chemokine that elicits host immune response against tuberculosis (TB). However, whether there is an association between IL8 gene polymorphism and TB susceptibility in the Chinese population is unknown. IL8 gene was amplified and sequenced to search for nucleotide polymorphisms among the Chinese population. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, selected, and analyzed in a cohort of 438 patients with TB and 536 healthy controls. Allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic analysis demonstrated that the distribution of the four IL8 SNPs between patients with TB and healthy controls was not significantly different (P>0.05). The four IL8 SNPs detected in this study were not associated with TB susceptibility in the Chinese population. Secretion of IL8 by peripheral blood cells was greatly stimulated upon exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole cell extract, but such enhanced secretion was not associated with the IL8 rs4073 alleles.

"Comparative research on stress to the life affairs between Tibetan nursing students on""9+3"" free education programs and mainland nursing students" / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the status of stress to the life affairs between Tibetan nursing students on 9+3 free education programs and mainland nursing students.According to the diversity of them,corresponding nursing interventions of mental health were put forward.Methods The questionnaire of Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC)was distributed to 120 nursing students in each group through random sampling,and the SPSS 17.0 statistical software package was used for data analysis.Results The scores of Tibetan nursing students were higher than mainland nursing students on factors of study pressure,personal relationship and health adaptation,which showed significant difference.The results of ASLEC showed that the scores of personal relationship,deserved punishment and loss in the Tibetan nursing students of 1st gradewere significantly higher than those in the Mainland nursing students of 1st grade score.The scores of study pressure in the Tibetan nursing students of 2nd grade were significantly higher than those in the Mainland nursing students of 2nd grade.The scores of personal relationship and health adaptation in Tibetan nursing students of 3rd grade were higher than those in the Mainland Nursing Students of 3rd grade score.Conclusions Influence of stress to the life affairs on psyche of Tibetan nursing students is outstanding in contrast to Mainland nursing students,and Tibetan nursing students were given directed intervention of mental health problem according to their risk factors of stress to the life affairs.

Clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus in Guangzhou area most possibly from the environmental infection showed variable susceptibility / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) can cause a variety of human infections, involving the lung, skin and soft tissues, and is generally believed to be acquired from environmental sources. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular diversity and antibiotic susceptibility of M. abscessus isolates as the basis for strategies to improve control and management of infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy M. abscessus isolates from patients attending the Guangzhou Thoracic Hospital were identified from 2003 to 2005 by biochemical tests, gas chromatography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction analysis (PRA) of heat shock protein gene hsp65, and sequencing of the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA. Susceptibilities to six antibiotics were determined by micro-broth dilution. Isolates were genotyped using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most isolates (63/70; 90%) were susceptible to amikacin but rates of susceptibility to other antibiotics varied from moderate, clarithromycin (60%) and imipenem (43%), to low for ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (3%), and 87% of isolates had intermediate susceptibility to cefoxitin. RAPD analysis showed that the 70 clinical isolates displayed 69 unique RAPD patterns.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The high genetic diversity of isolates suggests that they are not transmitted from person to person but, presumably, are acquired independently from environmental sources. M. abscessus isolates displayed variable levels of susceptibility to all antibiotics tested, other than amikacin, indicating a need for routine susceptibility testing to guide treatment.</p>

Differences in the population of genetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis between urban migrants and local residents in Beijing, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Currently, migration has become one of the risk factors of high burden of tuberculosis in China. This study was to explore the influence of mass migration on the dynamics of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis in Beijing, the capital and an urban area of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and thirty-six M. tuberculosis strains from the Changping district, where the problem of urban migrants was more pronounced than in other Beijing regions, were genotyped by Spoligotyping, large sequence polymorphisms (LSPs 105 and 181), and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) typing. Based on the genotype data, the phylogeny of the isolates was studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Changping district, the proportion of Beijing lineage M. tuberculosis isolates amounted to 89.0% (299/336), among which 86.6 % (252) belonged to the modern lineage. The frequency of modern Beijing lineage strains is so high (around 75% (252/336)) that associated risk factors affecting the tuberculosis epidemic cannot be determined. The time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the Beijing lineage strains was estimated to be 5073 (95% CI: 4000-6200) years. There was no significant difference in the genetic variation of Beijing isolates from urban migrants and local residents.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clone of modern Beijing lineage M. tuberculosis, which is dominant in the Beijing area, most likely started to expand with the five thousand-year-old Chinese civilization. In the future, with the urbanization in the whole of China, modern Beijing lineage M. tuberculosis may gain the larger geographical spread.</p>

An investigation on stress to the life affairs of nursing students from Sichuan Tibetan areas / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To learn about the status of stress to the life affairs of Tibetan nursing students on 9+3 free Education Programs,and corresponding intervention of mental health problem were put forward.Methods 120 Tibetan nursing students through random sampling were evaluated with Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC).Results The average scores of items such as study pressure,interpersonal relationship and health adaptation were above the median level.The scores of interpersonal relationship,punishment and loss in the 1st grade were significantly higher than those in the 2nd grade and 3rd grade.The score of study pressure in the 2nd grade was higher compared with that in the other grades.In comparison with the other grades,the score of health adaptation in the 3rd grade was higher,and there was significant difference.Conclusions Influence of stress to the life affairs on psyche of Tibetan nursing students in different grades is different.Tibetan nursing students should be given directed intervention of mental health problem according to their risk factors of stress to the life affairs.

Influences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the levels of human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 apoptosis and death / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the levels of human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 apoptosis and death.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Ra, H37Rv, or Beijing genotype (BJTB), respectively, to construct the infection models. Cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The distribution of the apoptotic proteins was detected using immunofluorescent staining assays. The cells late apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining assays. The change of cell death was determined by Tyrpan blue staining assays.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>THP-1 apoptosis was induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Ra, H37Rv, and BJTB. H37Ra strongly induced THP-1 apoptosis, H37Rv weakly induced THP-1 apoptosis, and BJTB induced THP-1 apoptosis at the lowest level among these three Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. On the contrary, BJTB strongly induced THP-1 death, H37Rv weakly induced THP-1 death, and H37Ra induced THP-1 death at the lowest level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Mycobacterial strains with different virulence induce different levels of apoptosis and death of THP-1 cells. Compared with highly virulent strains, attenuated strains induce more apoptosis and less death.</p>

Facial pain induces the alteration of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 expression in rat trigeminal ganglion / 神经科学通报·英文版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in the facial inflammatory pain in relation to thermal hyperalgesia and cold pain sensation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Facial inflammatory pain model was developed by subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil (TO) into rat facial area. Head withdrawal thermal latency (HWTL) and head withdrawal cold latency (HWCL) were measured once a day for 21 d after TO treatment using thermal and cold measurement apparatus. The immunohistochemical staining, cell-size frequency analysis and the survey of average optical density (OD) value were used to observe the changes of TRPV1 expression in the neurons of the trigeminal ganglion (TG), peripheral nerve fibers in the vibrissal pad, and central projection processes in the trigeminal sensory nuclei caudalis (Vc) on day 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 after TO injection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HWTL and HWCL decreased significantly from day 1 to day 14 after TO injection with the lowest value on day 5 and day 3, respectively, and both recovered on day 21. The number of TRPV1-labeled neurons increased remarkably from day 1 to day 14 with a peak on day 7, and returned back to the normal level on day 21. In control rats, only small and medium-sized TG neurons were immunoreactive (IR) to TRPV1, and the TRPV1-IR terminals were abundant in both the vibrissal pad and the Vc. Within 2 weeks of inflammation, the expression of TRPV1 in small and medium-sized TG neurons increased obviously. Also the TRPV1 stained terminals and fibers appeared more frequent and denser in both the vibrissal pad skin and throughout laminae I and the outer zone of laminae II (IIo) of Vc.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Facial inflammatory pain could induce hyperalgesia to noxious heat and cold stimuli, and result in increase of the numbers of TRPV1 positive TG neurons and the peripheral and central terminals of TG. These results suggest that the phenotypic changes of TRPV1 expression in small and medium-sized TG neurons and terminals might play an important role in the development and maintenance of TO-induced inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia and cold pain sensation.</p>

Rapid testing on drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with nitrate reducrase assay / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a rapid method for testing drug sussceptibility on Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Taking absolute Concentration method for drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis as the "gold standard", we examined the drug-resistant of M. tuberculosis strain with nitrate reducrase assay (NRA) and the drug-resistant of M. tuberculosis germ in sputum with NRA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NRA and absolute concentration method was basically comparable with NRA susceptibility as 96.5% and the specificity was 100%, When comparing with traditional absolute concentration method, NRA could shorten the time about 3 weeks. Using NRA to test the drug-resistant of M. tuberculosis germ in sputum, its susceptibility was more than 66.7% and specificity was 100%, within 10-20 days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NRA could be used as a rapid drug susceptibility testing on M. tuberculosis.</p>

The identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by DNA typing technique / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the application of IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU) in epidemiological studies of tuberculosis and to discuss the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in different regions in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, with a total number of 158 isolates, were subjected to IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping and MIRU.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The numbers of patterns produced by IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping, and MIRU typing were 118, 20 and 105 respectively. The discriminatory power of IS6110-RFLP was higher than that of Spoligotyping. However, when the copies of IS6110 were lower than 10, the discriminatory power of Spoligotyping improved obviously. The discriminatory power of MIRU typing was close to that of IS6110-RFLP for typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In MIRU loci, there were four loci (loci 4, 10, 26, 40) with higher diversity. Significant differences among the Mycobacterium tuberculosis between Guangdong and other regions in clustered rate and the proportion of Beijing genotype (P < 0.05) were found. The clustered rates and the proportion of Beijing genotype in Guangdong were lower than that in other regions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study indicated that either IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping or MIRU technique was useful for epidemiological studies on tuberculosis in China and the strains in different regions had different characterishes in China.</p>

Identification of Puumala like viruses in China / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To confirm if Puumala like viruses exist in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RNA was extracted from lungs of bank voles captured in the Northeast China, partial S segments genome of Puumala viruses were amplified and sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>926 bp cDNA of S segments of Puumala like virus was amplified and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Puumala like viruses found in China were most close to that found in Far East region of Russia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Puumala like virus does exist in Northeast China, and the nucleotides sequence of the viruses have high homolog to Puumala viruses found in Russia.</p>