Effect of anti-human IgM antibody on biological characteristics of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE-1 cell line in vitro and in vivo / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of anti-human immunoglobulin M (IgM) on proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle and tumor formation in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE-1 cell line in vitro and in vivo.Methods After treatment with anti-human IgM antibody,proliferation of HNE-1 cells was observed by cell proliferation inhibition assay,apoptosis and cell cycle of HNE-1 cells were detected by flow cytometry,and apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining.Nude mouse models were constructed,and were injected intraperitoneally with anti-human IgM antibodies (once every 3 days).The growth of transplanted tumor was observed once every 4 days.After the fifth injection,the expression levels of IgM and gp96 protein in transplanted tumor were observed by immunohistochemical method (streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated method,SP).Results MTS assay showed that anti-human IgM antibody can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HNE-1 cells in concentration-and time-dependent manner (P＜0.05).Flow cytometry showed that the anti-human IgM antibody promoted a significant decrease in percentage of cells in G1 phase,a significant increase in percentage of cells in S phase,and a significant increase in apoptotic rate of HNE-1 cells (P＜0.05).TUNEL staining showed that the anti-human IgM antibody promoted apoptosis of HNE-1 cells (P＜0.01).Transplantation tumor experiment showed that anti-human IgM antibody can significantly inhibit the volume and weight of transplanted tumor (P＜0.05).The immunohistochemistry showed that the expression levels of IgM and gp96 proteins in mouse transplanted tumors after intraperitoneal injection with anti-human IgM antibodies were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The anti-human IgM anti-body could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HNE-1 cells,promote apoptosis,and arrest cell cycle.Anti-human IgM antibody could also inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor in nude mouse,which might be related to inhibition of the expressions of IgM and gp96 proteins.

Clinical analysis of otogenic extracranial and intracranial complications / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical feature and treatment of extracranial and intracranial complications caused by otitis media.@*METHOD@#Three hundred and twenty patients of acute and chronic otitis media were admitted to our department between 2005 and 2014. Among them, 34 patients were diagnosed with extracranial and intracranial complications. The clinical features and treatment outcome were retrospectively studied. Of the 34 patients associated with complications, 25 had a single complication,8 had two complications and 1 had three complications. Complications included labyrinthitis in 14 cases, facial paralysis in 11, postauricular subperiosteal abscess in 6, Bezold abscess in 1, thrombophlebitis of sigmoid sinus in 2, otitis meningitis in land otogenic brain abscess in 8.@*RESULT@#Thirty-three patients were cured or improved and 1 patient died.@*CONCLUSION@#Due to the widespread use of antibiotics, the clinical manifestations of extracranial and intracranial complications of otitis media become more hidden and atypical. The surgery is the primary treatment method.

Establishment of a comprehensive database for laryngeal cancer related genes and the miRNAs / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>By collecting and analyzing the laryngeal cancer related genes and the miRNAs, to build a comprehensive laryngeal cancer-related gene database, which differs from the current biological information database with complex and clumsy structure and focuses on the theme of gene and miRNA, and it could make the research and teaching more convenient and efficient.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the B/S architecture, using Apache as a Web server, MySQL as coding language of database design and PHP as coding language of web design, a comprehensive database for laryngeal cancer-related genes was established, providing with the gene tables, protein tables, miRNA tables and clinical information tables of the patients with laryngeal cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The established database containsed 207 laryngeal cancer related genes, 243 proteins, 26 miRNAs, and their particular information such as mutations, methylations, diversified expressions, and the empirical references of laryngeal cancer relevant molecules. The database could be accessed and operated via the Internet, by which browsing and retrieval of the information were performed. The database were maintained and updated regularly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The database for laryngeal cancer related genes is resource-integrated and user-friendly, providing a genetic information query tool for the study of laryngeal cancer.</p>

A web-based integrated clinical database for laryngeal cancer / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish an integrated database for laryngeal cancer, and to provide an information platform for laryngeal cancer in clinical and fundamental researches. This database also meet the needs of clinical and scientific use.@*METHOD@#Under the guidance of clinical expert, we have constructed a web-based integrated clinical database for laryngeal carcinoma on the basis of clinical data standards, Apache+PHP+MySQL technology, laryngeal cancer specialist characteristics and tumor genetic information.@*RESULT@#A Web-based integrated clinical database for laryngeal carcinoma had been developed. This database had a user-friendly interface and the data could be entered and queried conveniently. In addition, this system utilized the clinical data standards and exchanged information with existing electronic medical records system to avoid the Information Silo. Furthermore, the forms of database was integrated with laryngeal cancer specialist characteristics and tumor genetic information.@*CONCLUSION@#The Web-based integrated clinical database for laryngeal carcinoma has comprehensive specialist information, strong expandability, high feasibility of technique and conforms to the clinical characteristics of laryngeal cancer specialties. Using the clinical data standards and structured handling clinical data, the database can be able to meet the needs of scientific research better and facilitate information exchange, and the information collected and input about the tumor sufferers are very informative. In addition, the user can utilize the Internet to realize the convenient, swift visit and manipulation on the database.

Influence of nasal septal deviation on incidence of bilateral sinusitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the influence of nasal septal deviation on the incidence of bilateral sinusitis.@*METHOD@#Two thousand and seventy-four cases of nasal septal deviation with chronic sinusitis available from January 2006 to March 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.@*RESULT@#Of these 2074 cases, 1 687 (81.3%) patients had sinusitis in narrow side and 1582 (76.3%) in wide side, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01) and the relative risk value in narrow side (1.4) was higher than wide side (0.7) associated with the incidence of sinusitis. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) between the two group counting datas analyzed by rank sum test, and the mean rank order in narrow side was 1656.396, significantly greater than wide side (1 612.184). The incidence of sinusitis in men was 50.6% (1049/2074), in women was 49.4% (1025/2074), and there was no significant difference between them. Deviating leftward was 1148 cases (55.4%), deviating rightward was 926 cases (44.6%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Anatomic variations in narrow side and wide side were uncinate process hypertrophy (7.0%, 27.0%), middle turbinate hypertrophy (7.8%,38.0%), ethmoidal bulla hypertrophy (26.2%, 39.0%), paradoxical middle turbinate (5.4%, 15.5%), hypertrophic inferior turbinate (52.9%, 67.0%) and mucosa pachynsis (0.5%, 2.8%), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Sinusitis incidence in narrow side is higher than wide side. There is no significant difference between the incidence of sinusitis in men and women. The majority of nasal septum deviate leftward. Higher incidence of sinusitis in wide side is the result of compensatory mechanism. Only septoplasty may not restore the normal venting function in nasal cavity. Hypertrophic inferior turbinate are closely correlated with sinusitis.

Clinicopathological analysis of sinonasal ectopic meningioma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic methods of sinonasal ectopic meningioma.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 8 patients treated in our department from Jan 1990 to Oct 2011 were retrospectively analysed. Among these patients, 5 cases were treated by lateral rhinotomy approach; 2 cases were treated by endoscopic plus modified Caldwell-Luc technique; 1 case was treated by endoscopic plus modified Caldwell-Luc technique. All patients were followed up postoperatively.@*RESULT@#All patients had no complications after operation. All patients were followed up from six months to 22 years. Among them, two cases had recurred 18 months and one year postoperatively. The two cases did not recur after the second operation.@*CONCLUSION@#Although sinonasal ectopic meningioma is difficult to diagnose because of their infrequent occurrence in this ectopic site and of their non-specific clinical appearance. The final diagnosis rests on the histological examination. Immunohistochemical studies are helpful to establish the accurate diagnosis. Prognosis is excellent after complete surgical resection.

Epidemiological features of allergic rhinitis in four major cities in Western China / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Allergic rhinitis (AR), with an increasing uptrend of the prevalence in many developed and developing countries, is a global health problem that affects people of all ages and ethnic groups. However, data on the prevalence of self-reported AR in western China are rare. This study investigated the epidemiological features of self-reported AR in western China. In the cross-sectional, population-based study, a validated questionnaire survey on self-reported AR was carried out in 4 major cities in western China by multistage, stratified and cluster sampling, from January to December 2008. The total prevalence rate was 34.3%, with 32.3% (Chongqing), 34.3% (Chengdu), 37.9% (Urumqi), 30.3% (Nanning), respectively. The prevalence presented to increase with age before 30 years old while decrease with age after 30 years old, and the highest prevalence was in 19-30 years group in Chongqing, Chengdu and Nanning which significantly showed "persistent and moderate-severe" type (P<0.0001); In Urumqi, there wasn't a significant increasing or decreasing trend of prevalence rate with age but with an "intermittent and mild"predominance (P<0.0001). There were no distinct sexual differences in prevalence rates in the 4 cities. The morbidity was positively related to monthly average temperature and sunshine (r=0.76645, P=0.0036; r=0.67303, P=0.0165), but negatively associated with relative humidity (r=-0.64391, P=0.0238) in Urumqi. Interestingly, the monthly morbidity was negatively associate with average temperature, sunshine and precipitation in Nanning (r=-0.81997, P=0.0011; r=-0.60787, P=0.0360; r=-0.59443, P=0.0415). Self-reported AR is becoming common in western China with a rapid development in recent years, affecting about three persons out of ten. The climatic factors may have an indirect impact on the prevalence rate through the effects on the local allergens.

Discussion of cochlear implant indications in postlingually deaf adults / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the indications of cochlear implantation in postlingually deaf adults.@*METHOD@#Five postlingually deaf adults participated in our investigation, surgery age 19-58 (median age 26 years). All patients received 24R (Cochlear,Australia). Four weeks after operation, all the patients have started the program. Through one year follow-up, we used the categories of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating criteria (SIR) to assess their hearing ability and speech intelligibility.@*RESULT@#Through testing for five patients who used cochlear implant continuously more than one year by Pure-tone audiometry, CAP and SIR, we assessed and found that the five patients hearing threshold raise to 25-45 dB in 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz, 2.0 kHz, 4.0 kHz, CAP average of 3.4, SIR average of 2.4. Two patients' ability of speech recognition and emotional communication were not improved almost, while these ability in other three were improved in varying degrees.@*CONCLUSION@#For postlingual deaf adults caused by different reasons, how to make patients benefit from cochlear implantation and increase their capacity for independent living and self-confidence due to select surgical indications correctly.

Clinical study of carbon dioxide laser tonsillectomy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the therapeutic effect of carbon dioxide laser tonsillectomy.@*METHOD@#In this prospective, randomized study, One hundred and two patients were divided into laser group or control group. Patients of laser group were cured with carbon dioxide laser tonsillectomy, and the control group was cured with routine method. All operations are executed by one person. Observation index included operation time, hemorrhage in operation, ache after operation, inflammatory reaction of raw surface, repair time of raw surface, rehaemorrhagia and scar.@*RESULT@#Laser group had advantages of less operation time, less hemorrhage, less ache and less inflammatory reaction of raw surface. Laser group have hemorrhage in operation (7.2 +/- 2.1) ml, while control group have hemorrhage in operation (92.0 +/- 35.0) ml. Laser group have pseudomembrane early but desquamate late.@*CONCLUSION@#Carbon dioxide laser tonsillectomy is effective to relieve pain, inflammatory reaction and with less time, it's a safe, efficient and mini-trauma operation.

Clinical study of carbon dioxide laser tonsillectomy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of carbon dioxide laser tonsillectomy.Method:In this prospective,randomized study, One hundred and two patients were divided into laser group or control group. Patients of laser group were cured with carbon dioxide laser tonsillectom,and the control group was cured with routine method. All operations are executed by one person. Observation index included operation time, hemorrhage in operation, ache after operation, inflammatory reaction of raw surface, repair time of raw surface, rehaemorrhagia and scar.Result:Laser group had advantages of less operation time, less hemorrhage, less ache and less inflammatory reaction of raw surface. Laser group have hemorrhage in operation (7.2±2.1)ml, while control group have hemorrhage in operation (92.0±35.0)ml. Laser group have pseudomembrane early but desquamate late.Conclusion:Carbon dioxide laser tonsillectomy is effective to relieve pain, inflammatory reaction and with less time ,it's an safe , efficient and mini-trauma operation.

Relationships of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas with the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 / 生物医学工程学杂志

In order to detect the relationships of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) with the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (VEGF-C) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), we examined the level of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 gene expression in the samples from 30 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa tissue (NLM), primary laryngeal carcinoma (PLC) and cervical lymph node (CLN) by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein levels of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression were also determined by Western blotting in 10 cases of NLM, PLC, CLN,respectively. We found that in the samples from the same patient, the VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression level is different among normal laryngeal mucosa tissue, primary laryngeal carcinoma and cervical lymph node. In primary laryngeal carcinoma, the level of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression was significantly higher in lymph node positive group than in lymph node negative group, and this difference was the associated with the histological grade of differentiation (P < 0.05). The expression levels of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were not associated with age, sex, site and T stage (P > 0.5). These results suggest that there is a close relationship of LSCC with VEGF-C/VEGFR-3; and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 may have the potential for use as an indicator with prognostic significance in dealing with LSCC.

Electrophysiologic study of murine spiral ganglion neurons / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the nature of voltage dependent ion channels and basic electrophysiological characteristics of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons of apical and basal turn by patch clamp techniques of whole cell configure on murine spiral ganglion neurons.@*METHOD@#Different voltage dependent ionic currents were recorded with patch clamp techniques of whole cell configure on the condition of different internal electrode solution, blockers and stimulus protocol.@*RESULT@#Inward sodium channel current (I(Na)), hyperpolarization-activated inward cationic current (Ih), outward delay rectification potassium current (I(K)) and outward transient potassium current (I(A)) were recorded ,significant difference of electrophysiological characteristics of I(A) and I(K) was found between apical and basal turns (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Various ionic currents are recorded, which shows that spiral ganglion neurons have the base of ionic channels to complete formation,conduction and modulation of action potential for auditory information transduction, the difference of electrophysiological characteristics between apical and basal turns contributes to the course of hearing formation.

Electrophisiologic study of routine spiral ganglion neurons / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the nature of voltage dependent ion channels and basic electrophysiological characteristics of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons of apical and basal turn by patch clamp techniques of whole cell configure on murine spiral ganglion neurons. Method: Different voltage dependent ionic currents were recorded with patch clamp techniques of whole cell configure on the condition of different internal electrode solution,blockers and stimulus protocol. Result: Inward sodium channel current(I_(Na)), hyperpolarization-activated inward cationic current(I_h) ,outward delay rectification potassium current (I_k) and outward transient potassium current (I_A)were recorded , significant difference of electrophysiological characteristics of I_A and I_k was found between apical and basal turns(P＜0.05). Conclusion: Various ionic currents are recorded,which shows that spiral ganglion neurons have the base of ionic channels to complete formation,conduction and modulation of action potential for auditory information transduction, the difference of electrophysiological characteristics between apical and basal turns contributes to the course of hearing formation.

Effect of inhibitor HNP1 transfection on tumor growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HNE-1 / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inhibitor HNP1 transfection on proliferation and tumor growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HNE1.@*METHOD@#HNE1 cells were transfected with HNP1 by liposome, and the cytotoxic effect was detected by MTT, In vivo tumor growth test was performed in nude mice inoculated with transfected HNE1 cells. The therapeutic effect of HNP1 was evaluated in the inoculated tumors, alpha-defensin 1 expression was detected in implanted tumor tissues by immunohistochemical stain.@*RESULT@#HNP1 transfection significantly inhibited the proliferation of HNE1 cells. MTT assay confirmed cytotoxic effect. In vivo study showed tumor volume was significantly smaller in HNP1 transfection group than that in control group (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical stain showed alpha-defensin expression was increased in HNP1 transfection group.@*CONCLUSION@#HNP1 transfection can inhibit the proliferation of HNE1 cells, as well as tumor growth.

Establishing a tube foam scaffold for tracheal cartilage tissue engineering by using solvent casting/particulate leaching method / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Both aperture and porosity are mainly evaluating markers for three-dimensional poly materials. The higher the porosity is, the easier the growth and proliferation of cartilage cells are. However, with the successive increasing of porosity, compressive strength of scaffolds decreases and utility of aperture also decreases. Therefore, it is extremely significant for tracheal cartilage tissue engineering to establish three-dimensional poly scaffolds which have suitable aperture and porosity.OBJECTIVE: To establish tube foam scaffolds by using solvent casting/particulate leaching method so as to find out practical and ideal scaffolds for tracheal cartilage tissue engineering.DESIGN: Observational study.SETTING: Department of Otolaryngology, Taihe Hospital, Yunyang Medical College; Department of Otolaryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in Chemical Institute, Chengdu Sub-college of Chinese Academy of Sciences from March to May 2002. Poly-D, L-lactic acid (PDLLA, Mr= 4.23×104) and sodium chloride granules (50-200 μm in diameter) were used as porogenic agent.METHODS: PDLLA was dissolved in chloroform in spherical-shape glass container to dispend 100 g/L solution and then add with sodium chloride granules (50-200 μm) based on various mass fractions of 800, 850, 900, 920, 940 and 960 g/L. Sodium chloride granules were regarded as porogenic agent (scaffolds numbered from 1 to 6) to stir and make paste suspension. Continuously, suspension was cast into tube models, heated at 90 ℃, compressed,and maintained in ventilation cabinet for 48 hours for solvent volatilization. And the resting solvent was drawn out.Form-fitting drying tube foam scaffolds were taken out and dipped in double distilled water for 48 hours so as to remove sodium chloride. The double distilled water was changed every 8 hours. Then, all tube materials were dried in vacuum drying oven for 24-48 hours. While, three-dimensional PDLLA scaffolds were successfully established.Form and intensity of scaffolds were observed with gross and scanning electron microscope; meanwhile, pore parameter was measured and analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Gross observation of tube foam scaffolds;② measurement of pore parameters.RESULTS: ①Scaffolds were appeared as white tube foam with 8 mm in internal diameter and 12 mm in outside diameter.Scaffolds with 80-250 μm in bore and 90.6% in porosity had defined strength and ductility. ②Scanning electron microscope demonstrated that there were many holes distributed in PDLLA scaffolds in various sizes. Otherwise, hole of scaffolds was connected to each other, while big hole also contained numerous small holes. ③Porosity of scaffolds increased with the increasing mass fraction of sodium chloride; but effective porosity did not increase with the increasing mass fraction of sodium chloride. There were different effective porosities of bore (80-250 μm). Effective bore of number 4 sample was 76% and relative porosity was 90.6%. Therefore, number 4 sample was an ideal scaffold for tracheal cartilage tissue engineering.CONCLUSION: Tube foam scaffold fabricated by solvent casting/particulate leaching method is suitable for tracheal cartilage tissue engineering.

Applied anatomy study on the lateral wall of sphenoid sinus under transnasal endoscope / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To provide transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery with the anatomic reference through anatomic study on the lateral wall of sphenoid sinus under transnasal endoscope.@*METHOD@#The dissection of the lateral wall of sphenoid sinus were performed on 10(20 sides) damp cadaveric heads of Chinese adults via transsphenoidal approach. The anatomic relationship of the lateral wall of sphenoid sinus and its adjacent structures were observed. The distance and angle from the bony prominence of optic canal and internal carotid artery to the columella nasi and midline of sellar floor were measured by ruler and protractor respectively.@*RESULT@#From the study of endoscopic anatomy, the specific structure of optic canal and internal carotid artery were found, and the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus could be exposed by tracing the internal carotid artery. The mean distance from the midpoint of the medial wall of optic canal orbital aperture and the anterior bony prominence of internal carotid artery to the columella nasi were (75. 33 +/- 5. 59)mm and (81. 02 +/- 5. 29) mm respectively, to the midline of sellar floor were (5. 81+/- 1. 52)mm and (5. 53 +/- l. 47)mm respectively. The angle from the midpoint of the medial wall of optic canal orbital aperture to columella nasi was (53.4 +/- 4. 1) degrees.@*CONCLUSION@#Taken the columella nasi and midline of sellar floor as the reference points, the anatomic observation and measurement under endoscope via transsphenoidal approach can provide a guide for surgeons.

Clinical treatment and diagnosis of parapharyngeal space neoplasms (analysis of 62 cases) / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of parapharyngeal space neoplasms which are rarely seen clinically and close related to the anatomy of parapharyngeal space.@*METHOD@#A retrospective review was carried out on 62 patients with parapharyngeal space neoplasms removal from January 1995 to December 2005.@*RESULT@#Neurogenic neoplasms were the most common tumors of the parapharyngeal space neoplasms, which constituted about 49 percent of all cases. All patients were treated successfully except 2 patients who suffered from tumor recurrence and received reoperation.@*CONCLUSION@#Clinical manifestations of parapharyngeal space neoplasms were complicated and pathological types of which were diversified. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were essential for diagnosis of parapharyngeal space neoplasms. The presurgical planning was decided on the position and the pathological type of the neoplasms.

Problem and analysis on follow-up in Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of follow-up in Chinese Archives Of Otolaryngology-Head And Neck surgery and offer evidence for the improvement of follow up. METHODS Chinese Archives Of Otolaryngology-Head And Neck surgery (January 1994 to December 2005) were searched,and clinical materials of follow-up was identified and analyzed. RESULTS Seventy-six issues were referred to and one hundred ninety-nine papers were finally identified and analyzed. CONCLUSION Although there are major problems on follow-up in Chinese Archives Of Otolaryngology-Head And Neck Surgery and Archives Of Otolaryngology-Head And Neck Surgery,much improvement has been made on the quantity and quality of clinical material follow-up in Chinese Archives Of Otolaryngology-Head And Neck Surgery.

Treatment of inverted papilloma of nasal cavity and sinuses by endoscopic transnasal approach / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To explore the outcome of endoscopic transnasal management of inverted papilloma of nasal cavity and sinuses. METHODS The clinical data of 28 cases with inverted papillomas of nasal cavity and sinuses treated via nasal endoscope were studied retrospectively. RESULTS All of the patients were followed up from 7 months to 5 years. Only 6 cases(21%) recurred. Of the 6 cases, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses were involved in 2 cases and maxillary sinus was involved in 4 cases. CONCLUSION Endoscopic transnasal resection of inverted papilloma is a good approach for the treatment of patients with inverted papilloma of nasal cavity and sinuses.

Survey on the epidemiological features of allergic rhinitis at out-patient in western area of China / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemic features of allergic rhinitis at out-patient in western area of China(Chengdu in Sichuan province, Chongqing, Urumchi in Xinjiang province, Nanning in Guangxi province). METHODS A questionnaire survey on AR, rhinology examination and skin prick test were carried out among 2267 AR patients at out-patient, from Mar. 2005 to Dec. 2006. RESULTS The incidence rate of sneezing、runny nose、stuffy nose、itchy nose were 88%, 89.19%, 85.58%, 83.58% respectively. 43.80% of AR patients had inherent predisposition that 25.50% had hereditary AR and 13.45% had hereditary asthma. 46.98% of AR patients had other allergic diseases, among them 10.50% combined with asthma. According to the classification criteria of Haikou in 1997 and ARIA in 2001, there were mainly seasonal AR and mild intermittent AR in Urumchi area, while perennial AR and moderate-severe persistent AR in other areas. There was a significant impairment in Quality of life that 50% were always upset and 40% didn't sleep well and more than 10% had emotional affections. CONCLUSION We had got epidemic data such as characteristics of clinical presentation of AR at out-patient in western of China. Strategy of prevention and treatment of AR should be worked out according to the epidemic feature of AR.