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1.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 35(2): 104-110, jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020625

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es más prevalente en hombres, los estudios poblacionales muestran una relación de 2:1, sin embargo, en los estudios clínicos la frecuencia llega a ser de hasta de 6:1. Estas diferencias en el ambiente clínico puede ser consecuencia de variaciones en el reporte de síntomas en hombres comparados con mujeres. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las diferencias de género en la presentación clínica de apnea obstructiva de sueño. Pacientes: Estudio transversal de pacientes sometidos a una poligrafía respiratoria (PR) con sospecha clínica de SAHOS. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, antropométricos, comorbilidades y las variables de la PR. Se realizó estudio t de student, Mann-Whitney y chi-cuadrado según correspondiera. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 1.044 pacientes: edad promedio 53,2 ± 14 años, 76% hombres. Las mujeres con SAHOS poseen mayor IMC (32,2 ± 6,1 vs 30,8 ± 5,0; p=0,002) y edad (61,4 ± 12,2 vs 52,6 ± 13,9; p < 0,001), pero menor circunferencia de cuello (CC) (38,1 ± 3,6 vs 43,2 ± 3,3; p < 0,001), además, presentan menor IA/H y menor duración de las apneas. No hubo diferencias en los síntomas clásicos de apneas presenciada y somnolencia diurna, sin embargo, describen más frecuentemente insomnio, cefalea matinal, depresión y uso de fármacos hipnóticos. CONCLUSIONES: Las mujeres al momento del diagnóstico son de mayor edad y más obesas, aunque presentan una CC menor, presentan una enfermedad más leve, pero refieren más fatiga, cansancio, cefalea e insomnio. Debemos estar alerta en la presentación clínica diferente de las mujeres para mejorar la sospecha diagnóstica.


INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more prevalent in men, population studies show a ratio of 2:1, however in clinical studies the frequency is as high as 6:1. These differences in the clinical setting may be a consequence of variations in the reporting of symptoms in men compared to women. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate gender differences between women and men with recent diagnosis of OSA. Patients: A cross-sectional, study of patients undergoing home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) with clinical suspicion of OSA. Demographic, anthropometric, comorbidities and HSAT variables were collected. We performed t student analysis, Mann-Whitney test or chi square test as appropriate. RESULTS: 1,044 patients were included: mean age 53.2 ± 14 years, 76% men. Women with OSA have a higher BMI (32.2 ± 6.1 vs 30.8 ± 5.0, p = 0.002), were older (61.4 ± 12.2 vs 52.6 ± 13.9, p <0.001), but have a lower neck circumference (NC) (38.1 ± 3.6 vs. 43.2 ± 3.3, p <0.001). The women presented lower AHI and shorter duration of apneas. Although the classic symptoms of apnea and daytime sleepiness showed no differences, women reported more frequently insomnia, morning headache, depression and use of hypnotic drugs. CONCLUSIONS:: Clinical differences between gender are present at time of diagnosis. Woman are older and more obese, although they have a lower NC. They have a milder disease, but they refer to be more tired, headache, insomnia and depression. We must be alert in the different clinical presentation of women to improve the diagnostic suspicion.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Polissonografia/métodos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Comorbidade , Fatores Sexuais , Antropometria , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/fisiopatologia
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(3): 372-377, mar. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004359

RESUMO

Background: Creativity is a highly valued quality in different fields. Despite this, it is rarely included in the curricula of medical careers. Aim: To assess creative thinking among undergraduate medical students. Material and Methods: Sixty-seven students aged 18 to 31 years (45% women) from the first (16), third (26) and seventh year (25) of medical school answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Results: Median creativity index according to age was in percentile 52 (range 2-99). Percentiles for fluency, originality, elaboration, abstraction of titles and resistance for premature closure were 31, 32, 79, 53 and 17 respectively. There were no significant differences between students of different levels (p = 0.73). Conclusions: In this group of students, there is a high performance in elaboration and a low score in Resistance to premature closure.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes de Medicina , Criatividade , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Educação Médica
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(8): 857-863, ago. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-978768

RESUMO

Background: Cerebral ptosis is understood as the bilateral paralysis of eyelid elevation linked to a stroke or hemorrhage of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). It is a transient condition, independent of the evolution of the lesion. Aim: To analyze six patients with the condition. Patients and Methods: Report of five women and one male aged 42 to 72 years. Results: All suffered an infarction or hemorrhage in the territory of the middle cerebral artery of the non-dominant hemisphere and developed a bilateral palpebral ptosis. The recovery started after the fourth day. At the tenth day, eye opening was effortless and did not require frontal help, despite the persistence of hemiplegia. Conclusions: Cerebral ptosis is a mimetic dysfunction of a specific non-injured area of the cerebral cortex, originated from a nearby parenchymal damage such as the middle cerebral artery of the same hemisphere. Cerebral ptosis expresses the inhibition of the voluntary eyelid elevation center, of prefrontal location in the non-dominant hemisphere.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Blefaroptose/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Cerebral Média/diagnóstico por imagem , Blefaroptose/fisiopatologia , Blefaroptose/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Infarto Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Infarto Cerebral/terapia , Artéria Cerebral Média/fisiopatologia
4.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 29(1): 77-86, 20180000. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-986655

RESUMO

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a pathology that generates great personal, family, economic and social impact. There are two main etiologies that are traumatic (T-SCI) and non-traumatic (NTSCI). These patients receive their rehabilitation in specialized hospital services in the acute and sub-acute phase. A retrospective, descriptive, observational study was designed, reviewing the clinical records of patients diagnosed with SCI at discharge, hospitalized in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. The general profile of admission of patients with SCI was a young men with NT- SCI, with higher education, paid work and incomplete injury (ASIA B, C, D). An improvement was observed for all patients for the severity of the injury, neurological level, motor level, sensory level and functionality. This is the first study conducted nationwide that provides epidemiological data and functional evolution of patients with SCI and are comparable to those found in the international literature. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Reabilitação/métodos , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/reabilitação , Reabilitação/tendências , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/epidemiologia
5.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 28(1): 9-15, 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-907662

RESUMO

Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) etiology is still unknown, genetic, environmental and immunological factors are implicated. Studies have considered quality of sleep as a risk factor in IBD course. Objective: To determine sleep quality in IBD patients, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Cross sectional study assessing sleep quality in adult patients with IBD, IBS and HC. All patients answered a validated Spanish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire in order to evaluate sleep quality. A PSQI global score > 5 is indicative of poor sleep quality. Demographic and clinical variables were assessed. Results: The study included 276 patients, 111 with IBD, 85 with IBS and 80 HC. A PSQI score > 5 was observed in 67 percent of IBD and IBS patients and 55 percent of HC. IBD and IBS patients exhibited poorer sleep quality than HC, although results did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.069 and p = 0.076, respectively). In IBD patients, an association between disease activity and sleep quality was observed (p = 0.025). However, when analyzing separately patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn ́s Disease (CD), only in UC patients sleep quality was related with disease activity. The use of sleep medications was significantly higher in IBD and IBS patients compared with healthy controls (p = 0.021 and p = 0.009, respectively). Conclusion: Sleep disturbances are frequent in IBD, IBS patients and even healthy controls. Additionally, IBD patients with active disease, particularly those with UC, exhibit worse sleep quality.


Aunque la etiología de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) es aún desconocida, factores genéticos, ambientales e inmunológicos estarían implicados. Estudios han considerado la calidad del sueño como un factor de riesgo en la evolución de la EII. Objetivo: Determinar la calidad del sueño en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII), síndrome intestino irritable (SII) y controles sanos (CS). Métodos:Estudio transversal en pacientes adultos con EII, SII y CS. Se evaluó la calidad del sueño mediante el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP), siendo una puntuación global > 5 indicativa de mala calidad del sueño. Variables demográficas y clínicas fueron evaluadas. Resultados:Se incluyeron 276 pacientes, 111 con EII, 85 SII y 80 CS. ICSP > 5 fue observado en 67 por ciento de los pacientes con EII y SII, y 55 por ciento de los CS. Los pacientes con EII y SII mostraron una peor calidad del sueño comparado con CS sin alcanzar significancia estadística (p: 0,069 y p: 0,076, respectivamente). En los pacientes con EII, se observó una asociación entre actividad de la enfermedad y calidad del sueño (p: 0,025). Sin embargo, al analizar por diagnóstico específico, sólo pacientes con colitis ulcerosa (CU) presentaron esta asociación. El uso de medicamentos para dormir fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con EII y SII comparado con CS (p: 0,021 y p: 0,009, respectivamente). Conclusión:Los trastornos del sueño son frecuentes en pacientes con EII, SII e incluso CS. Pacientes con EII activa, en particular aquellos con CU, presentaron una peor calidad del sueño.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/fisiopatologia , Sono , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Colite Ulcerativa/complicações , Colite Ulcerativa/fisiopatologia , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Doença de Crohn/fisiopatologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 26(2): 116-124, 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-786577

RESUMO

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral neuropathy in the general population. In pregnant women the prevalence increases to 31-62 percent probably by edema secondary to the hormonal changes of pregnancy. The definitive treatment is surgical decompression, but in pregnant reserves only in exceptional cases where other treatments have failed. This population receives mainly conservative therapy consisting of splints, physical therapy and infiltration. Objective: To review the management of CTS in pregnant about a case. Methods: The clinical case of a pregnant patient with CTS managed conservatively was revised, based on this existing literature was reviewed. Results: 32 years old woman, studying 18 weeks pregnancy, consultation by paresthesia and loss of strength of both hands since1.5 months, more than right. Physical examination was consistent with bilateral CTS. Use of night splint is indicated. The electrodiagnostic evaluation reporting neuropathic sensitive-motor commitment severe intensity, subacute bilateral median nerve, with moderate denervation. Patient with symptoms persist, it is decided to perform infiltration of carpal tunnel steroid with good clinical and electrophysiological response. Conclusions: This case exemplifies the conservative treatment of CTS in pregnancy delivered good results. The literature supports the use of splints and steroid injections in this population...


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Complicações na Gravidez , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/terapia
7.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 51(3): 169-174, set. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-695742

RESUMO

Introducción: Se ha reconocido que el déficit atencional (DA) persiste en la adultez en un 50-70 por ciento de los casos, sin embargo, existe escasa investigación respecto de prevalencia e impacto en este grupo etáreo. Nos proponemos conocer la prevalencia de DA en estudiantes de medicina chilenos. Metodología: Se utilizó encuesta sociodemográfica, cuestionario de salud mental de Goldbergy escala ASRS v.1.1. Resultados: Un 22,9 por ciento resultó positivo para síntomas mentales, y un 31 por ciento lo fue para DA según ASRS, en contraste con un 7 por ciento de autorreporte de diagnóstico previo de DA. No hubo correlación significativa entre diagnóstico de DA por escala ASRS con sexo, edad ni lugar de procedencia, pero si la hubo con Goldberg positivo, antecedente de diagnóstico psiquiátrico previo y diagnóstico previo de DA. Discusión: La medición de DA probablemente está sesgada por variables emocionales y derivadas de la alta demanda académica y la expectativa de rendimiento de los alumnos. Pensamos que la prevalencia real de DA en estudiantes de medicina debiera estar cercana al 7% reportado por los alumnos y en línea con las publicaciones internacionales. Este es el primer estudio nacional en este tema y obliga a plantear otra modalidad de investigación.


Introduction: It has been recognized that the attention deficit (AD) persists into adulthood in 50-70% of cases, however, there is little research on prevalence and impact on this age group. We propose to determine the prevalence of AD in Chilean medical students. Methods: We used demographic survey, Goldberg mental health questionnaire and ASRS v.1.1. scale. Results: 22.9% were positive for mental symptoms, and 31% was for AD measured with ASRS, compared with 7% of self-reported prior diagnosis of AD. There was no significant correlation between diagnosis of AD by ASRS scale with sex, age and place of origin, but if there was one with positive Goldberg, history of previous psychiatric diagnosis and previous diagnosis of AD. Discussion: The measurement of DA is probably biased by emotional variables derived from the high demand and the expectation of academic achievement of students. We think that the true prevalence of AD in medical students should be close to 7% reported by students and in line with international publications. This is the first Chilean study on this topic and it forces to raise other research modalities.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Chile , Saúde Mental , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia
8.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 78(6): 460-464, 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-702354

RESUMO

La presencia de "células en anillo de sello" en el tejido ovárico es el marcador histológico clásico del tumor de Krukenberg. Un adenocarcinoma metastásico altamente agresivo y de baja sobrevida. En cambio, los fibromas ováricos son tumores del estroma generalmente benignos. Presentamos un caso muy infrecuente de fibroma celular con presencia de células en anillo de sello y revisamos los criterios para el diagnóstico diferencial con el tumor de Krukenberg.


The presence of signet-ring cells in ovarian tissue is classically described as histological marker of Krukenberg tumor. It is highly aggressive metastatic adenocarcinoma with low survival. In contrast, ovarian fibroid is a stromal tumor usually benign. We present a very rare case of cellular fibroma with presence of signet-ring cells and we review the criteria for differential diagnosis of Krukenberg tumor.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Fibroma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Tumor de Krukenberg/diagnóstico , Células Estromais/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial
9.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 78(4): 317-319, 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-692210

RESUMO

Presentamos un caso muy poco frecuente de mioma extrauterino, localizado en la trompa de Falopio derecha, en su porción media. A la inspección y anatomía patológica, no se encontraron evidencias de dependencia alguna con el útero. Constituyó un hallazgo en una mujer sometida a cirugía abdomino-pélvica debido a infertilidad primaria y dolor abdominal derecho. Los estudios previos con ultrasonido identificaron una imagen compatible con un mioma subseroso grande y pediculado...


We present a rare case of extrauterine fibroid, located in the right fallopian tube in middle portion. The inspection and pathological study not found evidences of any dependence with uterus. It was a finding in a woman undergoing abdominal-pelvic surgery because of a primary infertility and right abdominal pain. Previous studies with ultrasound identified an image support a large pedicle subserous myoma...


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Mioma/cirurgia , Mioma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/cirurgia , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/diagnóstico , Leiomioma/cirurgia , Leiomioma/diagnóstico
10.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(6): 555-562, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-612155

RESUMO

Poultry is a main reservoir and source of human infection in campylobacteriosis. Three hundred and forty one stool samples (291 human, 50 avian) were analyzed. In the human group, 220 samples were collected from children with acute diarrheal disease (183 inpatients, 37 outpatients) and 71 from healthy children. Erythromycin and ciprofloxacin agar dilution MIC tests, Penner serotyping and RAPD-PCR genotyping were performed on 23 strains isolated. C. jejuni was reported only in patients with acute diarrhea (5.4 percent inpatients, 2.2 percent outpatients). Campylobacter prevalence in poultry was 34 percent. Cross-resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was found in 33.3 percent of human samples and 11.8 percent of animal samples. Human samples could not be typed using the Penner method. F serotype was the most expressed in poultry. We obtained a total of 14 genotypes (4 / 5 human and 10/15 avian). In conclusion, the predominant species in poultry and humans was C. jejuni, a significant amount of quinolone-resistant human and avian samples were obtained, and avian genotypes and serotypes were not found in human samples. The latter would mean that another source of infection could exist; therefore other reservoirs must be studied.


Las aves de consumo constituyen uno de los principales reservorios y fuente de infección humana de la campilo-bacteriosis. Se analizaron 341 muestras de deposiciones, 291 humanas y 50 aviares. De las muestras, 220 de niños con síndrome diarreico agudo-SDA (183 hospitalizados y 37 consultantes ambulatorios) y 71 niños sanos. A las 23 cepas obtenidas se les realizó CIM por dilución en agar a eritromicina y ciprofloxacina, serotipificación de Penner y genotipiicación por RAPD-PCR. Se encontró Campylobacterjejuni sólo en pacientes con SDA, de ellos 5,4 por ciento ambulatorios y 2,2 por ciento hospitalizados. En aves, la prevalencia de Campylobacter spp., fue de 34 por ciento. Hubo resistencia cruzada a ácido nalidixico y ciprofloxacina en 33,3 por ciento cepas de origen humano y 11,8 por ciento animal. Las cepas humanas fueron no tipiicables por el método de Penner. Predominó entre las aves el serotipo F. Se obtuvo un total de 14 genotipos (4/5 humanos y 10/15 aviares). En conclusión, la especie predominante en aves de corral y en humanos fue C. jejuni, existiendo una alta prevalencia de cepas de origen humano y aviar resistentes a quinolonas. Los genotipos y serotipos aviares no fueron encontrados en cepas de origen humano, lo que indica que podría existir otra fuente de infección, por lo que se requiere estudiar otros reservorios.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Campylobacter coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Campylobacter jejuni/efeitos dos fármacos , Fezes/microbiologia , Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Doença Aguda , Campylobacter coli/genética , Campylobacter coli/isolamento & purificação , Campylobacter jejuni/genética , Campylobacter jejuni/isolamento & purificação , Diarreia/microbiologia , Genótipo , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico
11.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 22(2): 88-93, abr.-jun. 2010. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-574475

RESUMO

Describir los primeros 100 casos de carcinoma ductal in situ en nuestra institución. 100 casos tratados adoptamos la definición de mic de Silver y Tavassoli: 77 fueron puros y 23 mic. En 69 por ciento se practicó cirugía preservadora, 31 por ciento mastectomía, 24 por ciento con reconstrucción, una bilateral y 7 por ciento sin reconstrucción. 64 por ciento recibió radioterapia complementaria. 36 por ciento el tratamiento fue cirugía sola. 77 por ciento recibieron terapia hormonal adyuvante. En 46 por ciento practicamos biopsia de ganglio centinela: 25 por ciento in situ puros y 21 por ciento mic. En 83 por ciento la presentación fue micro calcificaciones. El patrón histológico cribiforme y mixtos, los más frecuentes, 75 por ciento. El tamaño mamográfico e histológico coincidieron, 20 mm, promedio. El 87 por ciento grado nuclear II o III actividad mitótica 82 por ciento fue baja o moderada sólo 4 por ciento alta. El 78 por ciento presentó necrosis. De 25 pacientes con in situ puro, que se les practicó ganglio centinela ninguna presentó enfermedad ganglionar y los 21 con in situ mic, 9,52 por ciento presentaron metástasis. 2 por ciento recaídas locales, con enfermedad infiltrante; una a 52 meses, los otros a 58 meses. Una sin radioterapia, se trataron con mastectomía de rescate. No ocurrieron muertes por enfermedad. El buen manejo de los casos, traduce satisfactorios resultados de sobre vida libre de enfermedad y sobrevida global. Podemos seleccionar un sub-grupo de pacientes a quienes les pueda omitir la radioterapia sin aumentar el riesgo de mortalidad.


Describe first 100 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ in our institution. 100 cases treated adopted the definition of mic by Silver and Tavassoli: 77 pure and 23 mic. 69 percent we performed breast conserving surgery 31 percent total mastectomy 24 percent reconstruction, 1 was bilateral, 7 percent without reconstruction. 64 percent received complementary radiotherapy. 36 percent treatment was surgery alone. 77 percent recieved hormonal adjuvant therapy. 46 percent we performed sentinel lymph node biopsy: 25 percent were pure and 21 percent mic. 83 percent initial form of presentation was micro calcifications. The histological type was cribiform and mixed (75 percent). The mammographic and histological size matched 20 mm average. 87 percent were nuclear grade II and III, 82 percent of the mitotic activity was moderate or low only 4 percent were high. 78 percent had necrosis. Out of the 25 patients with pure in which we practice none presented ganglion disease and out of the 21 patients with mic, 9.52 percent presented ganglion metastasis. 2 percent had local recurrence, both of them with invasive disease, one 52 months the other one at 58 month from surgery. One didn´t received radiation. Both were treated with rescue mastectomy. There was no death diseases related. Adequate and good management of cases results related to disease free survival and overall survival. We can classify sub group of patients in which may avoid radiation without increasing the risk of mortality.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/efeitos adversos , Mastectomia Radical/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/métodos , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/fisiopatologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/terapia
12.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 75(3): 194-198, 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-577414

RESUMO

Los síntomas compatibles con vaginitis y vaginosis, son la causa más frecuente de consulta al ginecólogo. La descarga vaginal abundante y el prurito, constituyen la primera sospecha de estas patologías. Sin embargo, debemos tener presente que el aumento significativo de lactobacilos, conocido como lactobacilosis, puede expresarse también con los mismos síntomas y signos de una vulvovaginitis micótica. Si esta condición se mantiene en el tiempo, puede provocar un grado de acidez anormal en la vagina, y puede llevar a una lisis de las células epiteliales que se conoce como vaginosis citolítica. Este diagnóstico, aunque es poco frecuente, debemos sospecharlo especialmente, en aquellas mujeres que relatan tener múltiples consultas por candidiasis vaginal, con escasa o nula respuesta frente a la terapia antimicótica.


The symptoms consistent with vaginitis and vaginosis are the most common cause of the visit to the gynecologist. Heavy vaginal discharge and pruritus are the first suspicion of this pathology. However, the significant increase in lactobacilli, known as lactobacilosis can be expressed also with the same symptoms and signs of a fungal vulvovaginitis. If this condition is maintained overtime, can cause abnormal acidity in the vagina, and may lead to epithelial cell lysis, which is known as cytolytic vaginosis. This diagnosis, although rare, should be suspected especially in women who reported having multiple consultations for vaginal candidiasis, with little or no response to antifungal therapy.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/diagnóstico , Vaginose Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/microbiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Esfregaço Vaginal , Vaginose Bacteriana/microbiologia
13.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 20(4): 458-469, jul. 2009. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-530389

RESUMO

El Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS) constituye en la actualidad una entidad muy frecuente, con importantes potenciales implicancias médicas para los pacientes que la presentan. Se asocia a un mayor riesgo de enfermedades cerebro y cardiovasculares, a alteraciones cognitivas y a una alta tasa de accidentes de tránsito. Se caracteriza clínicamente por una perturbación del patrón respiratorio del sueño, incluyendo a las Apneas Obstructivas propiamente tal, a las Hipoapneas y a los Esfuerzos Respiratorios asociados a microdespertares o arousals (RERas). Sus implicancias médicas negativas se asocian a la presencia de Hipoxemia nocturna recurrente y la activación del Sistema Nervioso Simpático, los cuales se presentan todas las noches, por muchos meses y/o años (1). La revisión de las características clínicas de SAOS, su epidemiología, sus factores de riesgo, los mecanismos fisiopatológico simplicados y sus alternativas terapéuticas se analizarán en detalle en el presente artículo, de manera que esta patología pueda ser diagnosticada precozmente y tratada oportunamente.


Syndrome of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSAS) is actually a very common entity, with significant potential implications for medical patients that presented. It is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, a cognitive disorders and a high rate of traffic accidents. It is characterized clinically by a disturbance of sleep breathing pattern, including the obstructive apnea it self, at Hipoapneas and respiratory effort associated with arousals (RERas). Its negative health implications associated with the presence of repetitive hypoxia and the activation of sympathetic activity, which are presented every night for many months and / or years. The review of the clinical features of OSAS, its epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiologic mechanisms involved and their therapeutic alternatives will be discussed in detail in this article, so that this disease can be diagnosed early and treated timely.


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/diagnóstico , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/fisiopatologia , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Polissonografia , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Fatores de Risco , Ronco/etiologia , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/classificação , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/epidemiologia
14.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 20(3): 315-325, mayo 2009. graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-525327

RESUMO

Las patologías respiratorias del sueño (PRS), especialmente las Apneas del tipo Obstructivo, tienen una alta prevalencia en pacientes con Accidente Cerebrovascular y en Enfermedades Cardiacas. Numerosos estudios publicados en la literatura hasta la fecha, sugieren y confirman que estas patologías respiratorias del sueño constituyen hoy en día un factor de riesgo independiente de morbilidad y mortalidad para eventos isquémicos cerebrales y cardiogénicos. Existen mecanismos fisiopatológicos como la hipoxemia, activación simpática, estados de hipercoagubilidad y daño de la pared endotelial que explican la relación existente entre patologías respiratorias del sueño y enfermedades cardiocerebrovasculares. Por otra parte, para aquellos pacientes que están cursando con un evento isquémico cerebral en fase aguda, las Apneas del Sueño se asocian a una alta mortalidad y a un peor pronóstico funcional. Identificar y tratar precozmente estas patologías respiratorias del sueño, puede constituirse en una estrategia terapéutica crucial para reducir la morbi-mortalidad asociada a los AccidentesVasculares Cerebrales y a las Enfermedades Cardiacas. El instaurar políticas de salud de prevención primaria será quizás la principal herramienta de trabajo que permitirá en un futuro cercano mantener un mejor control y reducir el alto riesgo de salud de los pacientes portadores de Apneas del Sueño.


Respiratory-related sleep disorders, especially type Obstructive Apnea have a high prevalence in patients with stroke and heart disease. Numerous studies published in the literature to date, confirm and suggest that these respiratory disorders of sleep are now an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality and cardiogenic cerebral ischemic events. There are pathophysiological mechanisms such as hypoxemia, sympathetic activation, blood coagulation abnormalities and damage to the endothelial wall that explain the relationship between respiratory diseases of sleep and vascular diseases. On the other hand, for those patients who are attending an event with ischemic stroke in acute phase, the sleep apnea is associated with high mortality and a worse functional prognosis To identify and treat these diseases early respiratory sleep, can become a crucial therapeutic strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with stroke and heart disease. The institute health policies for primary prevention is perhaps the main working tool that will in the near future to maintain better control and reduce the high risk of health of patients with sleep apnea.


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/fisiopatologia , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/patologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/patologia , Cardiopatias/patologia , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/classificação
15.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 20(3): 295-309, mayo 2009. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-525329

RESUMO

En este artículo se describe una serie clínica de angioplastía y stenting carotideo con sistema de protección distal para el tratamiento de la estenosis significativa del bulbo carotideo en Clínica Las Condes. El análisis de trabajos clínicos multicéntricos, junto a nuestros resultados, permite concluir que la angioplastía y stenting carotideo es una alternativa válida y de bajo riesgo para el tratamiento de la estenosis carotidea significativa.


In this article we describe a case series of carotid angioplasty and stenting with distal protection technique for the treatment of significant carotid bulb stenosis in Clínica Las Condes. The results of past clinical trials, and our case series allow us to conclude that carotid angioplasty and stenting is a valid alternative therapy with low risks associated, for the treatment of significant carotid stenosis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angioplastia , Estenose das Carótidas/cirurgia , Stents , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Estenose das Carótidas/complicações , Seguimentos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/complicações
16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(2): 255-258, feb. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-516091

RESUMO

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition that is characterized by the irresistible urge to move the legs and is very common. In the last decade, much attention has been focused on RLS, given its high occurrence, underdiagnosis, and impact on quality of Ufe. Aim: To determine the frequency of RLS in a neurologic-psychiatric outpatient clinic. Patients and Methods: We interviewed patients attending a prívate neurological outpatient clinic, using a standardized validated questionnaire, and an additional phone interview to confirm diagnosis. Results: Of approximately 800 people attending the clinic, the questionnaire was answered by 238 subjects (168 females). Fifteen percent of respondents were affected by RLS and none had been diagnosed before. Most patients had a severe form that probably required treatment. Conclusions: A low awareness of RLS exists in Chile, even among specialized physicians.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas/diagnóstico , Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Chile/epidemiologia , Neurologia , Psiquiatria , Inquéritos e Questionários , Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas/epidemiologia , Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas/psicologia
17.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 19(5): 466-475, nov. 2008. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-511252

RESUMO

En la actualidad, a pesar de todos los recursos farmacológicos y tecnológicos disponibles, alrededor de un 30 por ciento de los pacientes con Epilepsia, son portadores de una Epilepsia de tipo Refractaria. Su diagnóstico y reconocimiento precoz, la detección de sus comorbilidades asociadas y su manejo efectivo y multidisciplinario, permitirá prevenir diversas secuelas definitivas, que afectan seriamente todos los ámbitos de la vida de un paciente. Por otra parte, están en desarrollo numerosas nuevas alternativas terapéuticas, tanto farmacológicas como genéticas, las que son muy prometedoras para lograr un control más satisfactorio y definitivo de esta enfermedad.


At present, despite all pharmacological and technological resources available, about 30 percent of patients with epilepsy, are carriers of a type of refractory epilepsy. His early recognition and diagnosis, detection of their associated comorbidities and its effective management and multidisciplinary, would prevent various sequels final, which seriously affect all spheres of life of a patient. Moreover, manyare developing new therapeutic altematives, both pharmacological and genetic, which are very promising to achieve a more satisfactory and definitive control of this disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Epilepsia/cirurgia , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Epilepsia/dietoterapia , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Terapia Genética , Radiocirurgia
18.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 20(3): 118-122, jul.-sept. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-549497

RESUMO

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de evaluar los factores que pudieran influir en la presencia de ganglios axilares metastásicos encontrados en una disección axilar, luego de ganglio centinela positivo en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Se llevaron acabo 242 biopsias de ganglio centinela mediante la técnica combinada de radioisótopo y colorante. En 48 (19,8 por ciento) el ganglio centinela fue positivo para metástasis. A 44 de las pacientes (91,6 por ciento) se les practicó una disección axilar. En el grupo en que se encontró enfermedad axilar además del ganglio centinela positivo, el 76,9 por ciento de las pacientes tenían lesiones palpables. De igual manera se observa que el 77 por ciento eran lesiones poco o medianamente diferenciadas. El 92,4 por ciento lo constituyeron lesiones grado nuclear II y III. El embolismo linfo-vascular estuvo presente en el 61,6 por ciento, siendo ésta la única variable estadísticamente significativa. Un porcentaje importante de pacientes con ganglio centinela positivo, la disección axilar no mostrará más enfermedad metastásica. Conocemos de algunos factores que pudieran influir en la positividad axilar luego de un ganglio centinela positivo, no siendo sino el embolismo linfo-vascular el único elemento con poder estadísticamente significativo.


The objective of this work is to evaluate the elements which may have an influence over the patients with breast cancer after a positive sentinel node biopsy, in the presence of metastatic axillaries nodes found in an axillaries dissection. We realized 242 sentinels’ node biopsies and were carried out by a combined technique of radioisotope and coloring. A positive sentinel node for metastasis was found in 48 of them (19.8 %). In 44 of these patients’ particular cases (91.6 %), an axillaries dissection was performed. In the group with axillaries lesions and positive sentinel node, 76.9 % of the patients had palpable lesions. Also, observed 77 % of the lesions were poor or median differentiated, in 92.4 % were nuclear grade II and III lesions. The only statistically significant difference was that lymph-vascular embolism, it was found in 61.6 % of the cases. On a significant number of sentinel node positive patients, the axillaries dissection won’t show metastasis. Some elements are known to us, which may have an influence over the axillaries positivity after a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. Of these elements, only the lymph-vascular embolism was statistically significant.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/métodos , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Dissecação/métodos , Oncologia
19.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 18(4): 209-214, oct.-dic. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-549449

RESUMO

Determinar la utilidad de la inmunohistoquímica en la detección de micrometástasis en el ganglio centinela y la necesidad de llevar a cabo una disección axilar con diagnóstico de micrometástasis en el ganglio centinela. Se practicó la biopsia del ganglio centinela en 130 casos en 129 pancientes, entre 1998 y el 2004, con un promedio de seguimiento de 20 meses. Se usó la técnica combinada con sulfuro coloidal de tecnecio 99 no filtrado y colorante azul patente, ambos inyectados en el área peri-areolar subdérmica. Cada ganglio se seccionó longitudinalmente en fragmentos de 2 mm de espesor. Se realizó estudios de inmunohistoquímica en los ganglios negativos. En los casos en que se diagnóstico metástasis, en un segundo tiempo, se llevó a cabo una disección axilar. Obtuvimos un 96,92 por ciento de identificación de los ganglios centinela. En el 63,49 por ciento se identificó un ganglio y en el 36,51 por ciento se detectó más de un ganglio. En 28 casos, se reportó enfermedad metastásica, de estos 19 fueron macrometástasis. El estudio por inmunohistóquímica sólo detectó 1 caso de micrometástasis que no fue observada con hematoxilina y eosina. La técnica de biopsia del ganglio centinela es eficaz y segura para su identificación. Su estudio en forma minuciosa y fuera del acto quirúrgico de la mama, la hacen altamente recomendable para el diagnóstico de micrometástasis. El estudio por inmunohistoquímica en casos negativos no ofrece beneficio importante.


To determine the utility of the immunehistochemistry in the detection of micrometastasis in the sentinel node dissection and the necessity to perform an axillary dissection with diagnosis of micrometastasis in the sentinel node. We practiced the sentinel node biopsy in 130 cases in 129 patients, between 1998 and the 2004, with a follow-up average of 20 months. We used a combined technique with not filtered sulfide colloidal technetium 99 and colorant blue patent, both injected in subdermal peri areolar area. Each lymphatic node was sectioned longitudinally in fragments of 2 mm of thickness. It was made immunehistochemistry studies in the negative sentinel node. In the cases in that metastasis was diagnosed, in a second time, an axillary dissection was performed. We obtained a 96.92 % of identification of the sentinel nodes. In 63.49 % we only identified one sentinel node and in 36.51 % we identified more than a one sentinel node. In 28 cases, metastasic disease was reported, of which, 19 were macrometastasis disease. The immunehistochemical study only detected one micrometastasis case witch one, no was detected by hematoxylin and eosin stains. The technique of sentinel node biopsy is effective and safe for its identification. Its study in meticulous form and outside the surgical act of the breast, they highly make it recommendable for the diagnosis of micrometastasis. The study by immunehistochemistry in negative cases does not offer important benefit.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela/métodos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Axila/anatomia & histologia , Oncologia
20.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 43(2): 133-136, abr.-jun. 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-498183

RESUMO

Comunicamos la aparición de movimientos anormales inducidos por dos fármacos de común uso en el adulto: trazodona y veralipride. El primer paciente desarrolla un parkinsonismo luego de una semana de usar Trazodona: la sintomatología se revierte al cabo de algunas semanas de suspendida la droga. El segundo paciente se presenta con una distonía tardía que comprometió extremidades inferiores, pared abdominal y región oro-mandibular luego de 2 meses de usar Veralipride: la sintomatología desaparece luego de 1 mes de suspendida la droga. Esta comunicación enfatiza la necesidad de mayor reconocimiento de este tipo de reacciones adversas de estos fármacos de común uso en nuestro medio.


We report the occurrence of abnormal movements induced by two drugs of common use in middle-aged patients: trazodone and veralipride. The first patient developed a akinetic-rigid syndrome after 1 week of using trazodone; the parkinsonism subsided completely a few weeks after drug withdrawal. The second patient presented with a tardive dystonia involved lower limbs, abdominal wall and face after two months of taking veralipride, the movements also gradually disappeared after stopping veralipride. Our report emphasizes the need for more awareness by clinicians of these secondary effects which can severely affect patients.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distonia/induzido quimicamente , Doença de Parkinson Secundária/induzido quimicamente , Sulpirida/análogos & derivados , Sulpirida/efeitos adversos , Trazodona/efeitos adversos , Antidepressivos de Segunda Geração/efeitos adversos
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