Moringa oleifera Lam. seed extract prevents fat diet induced oxidative stress in mice and protects liver cell-nuclei from hydroxyl radical mediated damage.

High fat diet (HFD) prompts metabolic pattern inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria thereby triggering multitude of chronic disorders in human. Antioxidants from plant sources may be an imperative remedy against this disorder. However, it requires scientific validation. In this study, we explored if (i) Moringa oleifera seed extract (MoSE) can neutralize ROS generated in HFD fed mice; (ii) protect cell-nuclei damage developed by Fenton reaction in vitro. Swiss mice were fed with HFD to develop oxidative stress model (HFD group). Other groups were control, seed extract alone treated, and MoSE simultaneously (HS) treated. Treatment period was of 15 days. Antioxidant enzymes with tissue nitrite content (TNC) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were estimated from liver homogenate. HS group showed significantly higher (P <0.05) superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) compared to only HFD fed group. Further, TNC and LPO decreased significantly (P <0.05) in HS group compared to HFD fed group. MoSE also protected hepatocytes nuclei from the hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton reaction. MoSE was found to be polyphenol rich with potent reducing power, free radicals and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity. Thus, MoSE exhibited robust antioxidant prospective to neutralize ROS developed in HFD fed mice and also protected the nuclei damage from hydroxyl radicals. Hence, it can be used as herbal medication against HFD induced ROS mediated disorders.

Seabuckthron (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf extract ameliorates the gamma radiation mediated DNA damage and hepatic alterations.

In vitro assessment showed that H. rhamnoides (HrLE) extract possessed free radical scavenging activities and can protect gamma (γ) radiation induced supercoiled DNA damage. For in vivo study, Swiss albino mice were administered with HrLE (30 mg/kg body weight) for 15 consecutive days before exposing them to a single dose of 5 Gy of γ radiation. HrLE significantly prevented the radiation induced genomic DNA damage indicated as a significant reduction in the comet parameters. The lipid peroxidation, liver function enzymes, expression of phosphorylated NFκB (p65) and IκBα increased whereas the endogenous antioxidants diminished upon radiation exposure compared to control. Pretreatment of HrLE extract ameliorated these changes. Based on the present results it can be concluded that H. rhamnoides possess a potential preventive element in planned and accidental nuclear exposures.

Quercetin and β-sitosterol prevent high fat diet induced dyslipidemia and hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.

High fat diet group showed a significant rise in serum and hepatic total cholesterol, triglyceride and atherogenic index which are major biomarkers of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk. The liver function markers, lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory cytokine levels were elevated in high fat diet group whereas antioxidant levels significantly reduced. These findings manifest hepatic damage which was further confirmed by histological findings. Quercetin and β-sitosterol though structurally different yet both ameliorate the sickening changes in different mechanism. The current investigation is perhaps the first report of the mechanistic role of two polyphenols over dyslipidemia and subsequent hepatotoxicity.

Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract prevents early liver injury and restores antioxidant status in mice fed with high-fat diet.

Consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) induces nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and may lead to multiple complications affecting human health. In the present study, effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MoLE) in alleviating HFD induced liver injury in mice has been reported. Liver histology and serum activity of hepatic marker enzymes i.e. aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been studied. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were also estimated using liver homogenate. Results of the study suggested that MoLE treatment protected HFD-induced liver damage as indicated by histopathology and liver enzyme activity compared to only-HFD fed group (P<0.05). Interestingly, early signs of HFD-induced fatty liver were also alleviated by MoLE. Moreover, significant increase in endogenous antioxidant parameters and lower lipid peroxidation were found in liver of all MoLE treated groups. Results of the study indicated that MoLE has both preventive as also curative hepatoprotective activity.

Amelioration of ionizing radiation induced lipid peroxidation in mouse liver by Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract.

Protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MoLE) against radiation-induced lipid peroxidation has been investigated. Swiss albino mice, selected from an inbred colony, were administered with MoLE (300 mg/kg body wt) for 15 days before exposing to a single dose of 5 Gy 60Co-gamma radiation. After treatments, animals were necropsied at different post irradiation intervals (days 1, 7 and 15) and hepatic lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were estimated to observe the relative changes due to irradiation and its possible amelioration by MoLE. It was observed that, MoLE treatment restored GSH in liver and prevented radiation induced augmentation in hepatic lipid peroxidation. Phytochemical analysis showed that MoLE possess various phytochemicals such as ascorbic acid, phenolics (catechin, epicatechin, ferulic acid, ellagic acid, myricetin) etc., which may play the key role in prevention of hepatic lipid peroxidation by scavenging radiation induced free radicals.

Associação entre marcadores inflamatórios e fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres de Kolkata, W.B, Índia / Association between inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk factors in women from Kolkata, W.B, India / Asociación entre marcadores inflamatorios y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres de Kolkata, W.B, India

FUNDAMENTO: Recentes pesquisas tem se concentrado no uso de biomarcadores inflamatórios na previsão de risco cardiovascular. Entretanto, a informação é escassa em relação à associação entre esses marcadores inflamatórios com outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares em indianos asiáticos, particularmente em mulheres. OBJETIVO: Explorar a associação entre marcadores inflamatórios tais como proteína C-reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR-as) e contagem de leucócitos (LEU) e fatores de risco cardiovascular tais como adiposidade geral e central, pressão arterial, variáveis lipídicas e lipoproteicas e glicemia de jejum. MÉTODOS: Conduzimos uma análise transversal de 100 mulheres com idade entre 35-80 anos. As participantes foram selecionadas através da metodologia de amostragem por cluster, de 12 distritos urbanos selecionadas ao acaso na Corporação Municipal de Kolkata, Índia. RESULTADOS: A PCR-as apresentou uma associação significante com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) (p < 0,001) e circunferência da cintura (CC) (p = 0,002). Associações significantes inversas foram observadas entre a lipoproteína de alta densidade colesterol (HDL-c) e ambos marcadores inflamatórios PCR-as (p = 0,031) e LEU (p = 0,014). A apo-lipoproteína A1 (Apo A1) também estava negativamente associada com a PCR-as. A contagem de leucócitos apresentou uma correlação significante com a glicemia de jejum e a razão colesterol total (CT) /HDL-C. Usando regressão logística ajustada para idade, IMC (odds ratio/OR, 1,186; intervalo de confiança/IC, 1,046-1,345; p=0,008) e LEU (OR, 1,045; IC, 1,005-1,087; p=0,027) foram as covariantes significantemente associadas com a PCR-as. CONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo, os fatores de risco tais como IMC, CC e HDL-c e Apo-A1 mostraram uma associação significante com PCR-as. A contagem de leucócitos estava significantemente associada com os níveis de HDL-c, glicemia de jejum, razão CT/HDL-c em mulheres.

BACKGROUND: Recent research has focused on the use of inflammatory biomarkers in the prediction of cardiovascular risk. However, information is scant regarding the association between these inflammatory markers with other cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indians, particularly in women. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count and cardiovascular risk factors such as overall and central adiposity, blood pressure, lipid and lipoprotein variables and fasting glucose. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis on 100 women aged 35-80 years. Participants were selected following cluster sampling methodology from 12 different randomly selected urban wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation. RESULTS: Hs-CRP has a significant association with body mass index (BMI) ( p < 0.001) and waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.002). Significant inverse associations were observed between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and both inflammatory markers, hs-CRP (p = 0.031) and WBC count, (p = 0.014). Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) was also negatively associated with hs-CRP. WBC count has significant correlation with fasting glucose and total cholesterol (TC) /HDL-C ratio. Using logistic regression, adjusting for age, BMI (odds ratio/OR, 1.186; confidence interval/CI, 1.046-1.345; p=0.008) and WC (OR, 1.045; CI, 1.005-1.087; p=0.027) were the covariates significantly associated with hs-CRP. CONCLUSION: In the present study, risk factors like BMI, WC, and HDL-C and apo A1 show significant association with hs-CRP. WBC count was significantly correlated with HDL-C, fasting glucose, TC/HDL-C ratio in women.

FUNDAMENTO: Recientes investigaciones se han concentrado en el uso de biomarcadores inflamatorios en la previsión de riesgo cardiovascular. Entre tanto, la información es escasa en relación a la asociación entre esos marcadores inflamatorios con otros factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en indios asiáticos, particularmente en mujeres. OBJETIVO: Explorar la asociación entre marcadores inflamatorios tales como proteína C-reactiva de alta sensibilidad (PCR-as) y recuento de leucocitos (LEU) y factores de riesgo cardiovascular tales como adiposidad general y central, presión arterial, variables lipídicas y lipoproteicas y glucemia de ayuno. MÉTODOS: Condujimos un análisis transversal de 100 mujeres con edad entre 35-80 años. Las participantes fueron seleccionadas a través de la metodología de muestreo por cluster, de 12 distritos urbanos seleccionadas al azar en la Corporación Municipal de Kolkata, India. RESULTADOS: La PCR-as presentó una asociación significativa con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (r=0,373, p<0,001) y circunferencia de la cintura (CCI) (r=0,301, p=0,002). Asociaciones significativas inversas fueron observadas entre la lipoproteína de alta densidad colesterol (HDL-c) y ambos marcadores inflamatorios (r= -0,220, p=0,031 y r= -0,247, p=0,014 para PCR-as y LEU, respectivamente). La apo-lipoproteína A1 (Apo A1) también estaba negativamente asociada con la PCR-as (r= -0,237, p=0,031). El recuento de leucocitos presentó una correlación significativa con la glucemia de ayuno (r=0,253, p=0,011) y la razón colesterol total (CT) /HDL-C (r=0,284, p=0,004). Usando regresión logística ajustada para edad, IMC (odds ratio/OR, 1,186; intervalo de confianza/IC, 1,046-1,345; p=0,008) y LEU (OR, 1,045; IC, 1,005-1,087; p=0,027) fueron las covariantes significativamente asociadas con la PCR-as. CONCLUSIÓN: En el presente estudio, los factores de riesgo tales como IMC, CCI y HDL-c y Apo-A1 mostraron una asociación significativa con PCR-as. El recuento de leucocitos estaba significativamente asociado a los niveles de HDL-c, glucemia de ayuno, razón CT/HDL-c en mujeres.