Endogenous HMGB1 Modulates Fatty Acid Metabolism of Hypoxic and Nutrient-poor Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Related Mechanism / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in the fatty acid metabolism reprogramming and mitochondrial fusion/fission of hypoxic and nutrient-poor pancreatic cancer cells. Methods The correlation between the expression level of HMGB1 in pancreatic cancer tissue and the survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed by GEPIA database. CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation rate, and scratch test and Transwell chamber method were carried out to detect the effects of endogenous HMGB1 on the invasion and migration abilities of human pancreatic cancer cell line Patu8988 after hypoxic and nutrient-poor treatment. Laser confocal microscope was used to observe the changes of mitochondrial morphology of Patu8988 cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of mitochondrial fusion/fission and de novo fatty acid synthesis-related proteins. Results GEPIA database analysis results showed that HMGB1 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues (P < 0.01), and the expression level was negatively correlated with the survival time of pancreatic cancer patients (P=0.00097). Knockdown of HMGB1 expression could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of Patu8988 cells under hypoxic and nutrient-poor conditions. However, mitochondrial fission in patu8988 cells was increased. Knockdown of HMGB1 in Patu8988 cells increased the expression of fission-related protein FIS1 while decreased the expression of p-DRP1(Ser637) and fusion-related protein MFN1 and MFN2 in hypoxic and nutrient-poor environment; ACLY, p-ACLY and FASN protein expression levels were down-regulated. Conclusion Endogenous HMGB1 can promote the fusion and inhibit the fission of mitochondria in hypoxic and nutrient-poor Patu8988 cells, maintain mitochondrial morphology and function, and thereby up-regulate ACLY protein expression and phosphorylation level, promote FA synthesis, and maintain the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of pancreatic cancer cells.

Study on the relationship between wholeGorgan MRI score (WORMS)and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between wholeGorgan MRI score (WORMS)and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods 1 1 9 patients with knee OA were enrolled,and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)was used to estimate the pain.Knees of all the subj ects underwent scanning with sagittal,coronal,transverse TSEG T2 WIGFS and sagittal 3DGFLASHGWE sequences at 3.0T MR.The pathological changes of knee cartilage lesions,subarticular bone marrow edema (BME),bone cysts,bone attrition,osteophytes,meniscal inj ury,ligament inj ury,synovial thickening and joint effusion were evaluated according to the WORMS.The correlations between the above pathological changes and the pain were analyzed.Results There were significant and positive correlations between articular cartilage lesions and osteophytes,articular cartilage lesions and BME,BME and cyst,bone attrition and osteophytes,and BME and osteophytes,with the correlation coefficients of 0.6 70,0.5 9 8,0.5 1 8,0.5 1 4 and 0.505 ,respectively (P＜0.05 ).Multiple regression analysis showed that BME,bone attrition,synovial thickening and joint effusion were the main factors affecting the severity of pain after adj usted for age and BMI (P＜0.05).Conclusion The source of OA pain is multifactorial.The severity of BME,bone attrition,synovial thickening and joint effusion are the main factors associated with joint pain.As a nonGinvasive examination method,MR can make a comprehensive evaluation of the pathological changes of knee OA.

Assessment of anal fistula activity using high resolution MRI-T2WI combined with DWI / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the application value of high resolution MRI fat suppression T2WI combined with DWI in anal fistula and its activity. Methods We analyzed the clinical data and MRI findings of 59 patients who received high resolution MRI from January 2016 to November 2017. According to the clinical and surgical results,anal fistulas were divided into positive inflammatory activity(PIA)and negative inflammatory activity(NIA). ADC values of anal fistula were measured and the optimal cut-off of ADC values were calculated. Results 59 patients with 71 anal fistulas and 62 internal openings confirmed by surgical results.ADC values were differenct between PIA and NIA anal fistulas(P = 0.001) and the optimal cut-off of ADC value were 1.214. The sensitivity of high resolution MRI fat suppression T2WI,DWI and T2WI combined with DWI for detecting anal fistula and internal opening were 80.28%(57/71),83.10%(59/71),95.77%(68/71) and 82.26%(51/62), 83.87%(52/62),96.77%(60/62),respectively. Conclusion MRI-DWI is very important for evaluating the activities of anal fistula and thigh resolution MRI fat suppression T2WI combined with DWI has the highest sensitivity for detecting anal fistula and internal opening.

Analysis of lymph node metastasis for hypopharyngeal carcinoma based on computed tomography / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To explore the pattern of lymph node metastasis and provide guidance for the delineation of clinical target volume for patients diagnosed with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC).Methods A total of 123 patients who were initially diagnosed with HSCC by electrolaryngoscope and computed tomography (CT) of the head and neck in Shandong Tumor Hospital between 2014 and 2017 were recruited in this study.The lymph node metastasis was evaluated based on the diagnostic criteria of CT scan.The lymphatic metastasis ratio (LMR) at each node level was calculated.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) andx2 test were used to analyze the relationship between LMR and primary tumors.Results Among 123 patients,primary tumors were originated from the pyriform sinus (PS) in 101 cases (82.1％),posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) in 15 (12.2％) and postcricoid (PC) in 7 (5.7％),respectively.The overall LMR was calculated as 84.6％ (n=104),in detail,84.2％ for patients with primary tumors originating from PS,93.3％ for those from PPW and 71.4％ for patients from PC,respectively.For PSderived tumors,the ipsilateral neck LMR at the level Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱa,Ⅱb,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵa,Ⅵb,and Ⅶ was 0,3.0％,66.3％,42.6％,46.5％,10.9％,5.0％,2.0％,7.9％,and 11.9％,respectively,and 0,0,14.9％,5.0％,3.0％,2.0％,0,0,3.0％,and 2.0％ for the contralateral neck.For PPW tumors,the ipsilateral neck LMR at the level Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱa,Ⅱb,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵa,Ⅵb,and Ⅶ was 6.7％,6.7％,66.7％,46.7％,46.7％,20.0％,0,13.3％,33.3％,and 60.0％,respectively,and 6.7％,6.7％,33.3％,26.7％,20.0％,20.0％,0,0,13.3％,and 33.3％ for the contralateral neck.For PC tumors,the ipsilateral neck LMR at the level Ⅱa,Ⅱb,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵb was 71.4％,28.6％,14.3％,14.0％,14.0％,and 14.3％,respectively,and the LMR at the level Ⅱa was 14.3％ for the contralateral neck.No lymph node metastasis occurred in other lymph node levels.The mean levels of lymph node metastasis for the T1-T4 stage tumors were 2.4,1.9,2.2,3.3 with statistical significance (P =0.023),and 2.2,4.5 and 1.6 for patients with the tumors originated from PS,PPW and PC (P=0.000).The PPW invasion was significantly correlated with the level Ⅶ metastasis (P=0.000),and PC or esophageal invasion was intimately correlated with the level Ⅵ metastasis (P=0.002 and 0.001).Conclusions The most common lymphatic metastasis includes ipsilateral neck Ⅱa,Ⅲ,and Ⅱb,whereas the level Ⅰ and Ⅴ are rarely observed.For PPW-derived tumors,the LMR at the level Ⅶ is up to 60.0％.The incidence of PC or esophageal invasion enhances the risk of level Ⅵ lymph node metastasis.

Application of Hippocampal Subfield Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 Signal Intensity for Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To apply the MRI T2 signal intensity of hippocampal subfield in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) as early imageology. Methods From October, 2014 to August, 2015, 20 aMCI patients accepted cognitive training (training group), 20 aMCI patients accepted speech communication (speech group), and 20 age-and gender-matched healthy old people (control group) were scanned with MRI using FSE-T2 sequence. The margin of hippocampal subfields were outlined manually for each side to measure the T2 sig-nal intensity. The correlation between hippocampal T2 signal intensity and the scores of Mini-Mental State Examinatlon (MMSE) was ana-lyzed in the training group. Results Before treatment, T2 signal intensity in the bilateral hippocampal head was significantly high in the aM-CI patients compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, T2 signal intensity in left hippocampal head decreased in the training group compared with that in the speech group (P<0.05), similar to the control group (P>0.05). There was negative correlation be-tween left hippocampal head's T2 signal intensity and the scores of MMSE in the training group before and after treatment (r=-0.61, r=-0.54, P<0.05). Conclusion The T2 signal intensity in left hippocampal head may respond to the cognitive function in patients with aMCI in the early stage, that could be used for diagnosis and evaluation in clinic.

Efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To evaluate the treatment outcomes and toxicities of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with chemotherapy for children and adolescents with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Forty-three nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients less than 19 years old were recruited between April 2010 and April 2016.All patients were treated with IMRT (total dose 61.2-76 Gy) combined with cisplatin based chemotherapy.The Kaplan-Meier test was used to calculate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).The patient's clinical characteristics,side effects and longterm effects of treatment were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 43 patients,there were 29 (67.4％) male and 14 (32.6％) female,and the median age was 14 years old (range,6-18 years).According to AJCC 7thstaging system,2 patients were in stage Ⅱ,26 in stage Ⅲ,7 in stage ⅣA and 8 in stage Ⅳ B.All patients were confirmed as non-keratinizing carcinoma.The positive rates of EB virus VCAIgA was 53.8％ (7/13),and Rta-IgG was 60.0％ (6/10) before treatment.The median radiation dose was 70 Gy (range,61.2-76 Gy) to the primary tumor.Thirty-three (76.7％) patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy,with 20 (46.5％) and 36 (83.7％) patients treated by concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy,respectively.With a median follow-up of 24 months (range,3-76 months),the 5-year OS and PFS ratios were 75.3％ and 64.7％,respectively.There were 5 patients (11.6％) occurred to bone metastasis within 2 years after treatment.Hypothyroidism was reported in 47.4％ (9/19) patients after IMRT.Conclusions Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence is mostly locally advanced diseases with poor differentiation.IMRT combined with chemotherapy produce a well treatment outcome with good tolerance in children and adolescents patients.The most common treatment failure bone metastasis.Radiation-induced hypothyroidism is common.

HIF-1α@Fe3O4 labeled pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells under hypoxia and its MRI detection / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of novel nano-particle HIF-1 α@Fe3 O4 labeled pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells as well as the changes of signal intensity in 3.0T MRI scan.Methods Pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells were cultured in hypoxia condition,and hypoxia-inducible-factor-1 α(HIF-1 α) and stem cell markers CD133,Oct-4,Sox-2 were detected by Western blot assay.Cells cultured under hypoxia for 24 h were collected and then co-incubated with 5,15 and 45 μg/ml HIF-1α@Fe3O4 for 24 h.The number of HIF-1 α@Fe3O4 labeled PANC1 cells and cell survival rate were detected,and the signal intensity of T2 WI image for PANC1 cells was measured by a 3.0T MRI system.Results In hypoxia condition,HIF-1 α level was obviously increased compared with that of normoxic culture,which was further increased with the increase of hypoxia time(all P ＜ 0.05).Stem-cell markers CD133,Oct-4 and Sox-2 was positively correlated with HIF-1α level.Co-cultured with different concentrations of HIF-1α@Fe3O4 for 24 h,blue-stained iron particles in cytoplasm of PANC1 cells was dosage-dependently increased,and the peak was at the concentration of 45 μg/ml,which could reach 100％.The survival rate of the PANC1 cells cultured in normoxic condition,the unlabeled and labeled in hypoxic condition group were(87.0 ± 2.1) ％,(84.7 ± 2.7) ％ and (85 ± 3.8) ％,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).In 3.0T MRI scan,T2 WI signal intensity in unlabeled group and 5,15 and 45 μg/ml labeled group was 1.017 ± 0.046,0.793 ± 0.041,0.447 ± 0.032 and 0.240 ± 0.031,and the difference was not statistically significant (F =80.0,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Hypoxia condition could promote and maintain the stemness in PANC1 cells.HIF-1α@Fe3O4 probe could successfully label HIF-1α highly expressed PANC1 cells during hypoxia condition,and a significant decrease in T2WI signal intensity can be detected by a 3.0T MRI system.

18F-FDG uptake and clearance in the amygdala and hippocampus in patients with first-episode depression / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of 18F-FDG uptake and clearance in the amygdala and hippocampus in patients with first-episode depression (FED),and explore the neurobiology mechanism of FED.Methods i8 F-FDG PET/CT imaging was performed on 35 patients with FED and 35 healthy volunteers from January 2014 to January 2016.SUV in the amygdala and hippocampus at different time points were collected.The clearance rates were calculated and the difference between patients and healthy volunteers were compared by two-sample t test.Results The FDG uptake in the left amygdala of patients reached the peak earlier compared with that in the healthy group,with the SUVmax of 12.94±2.03 at 25 min and 10.50±1.79 at 40 min,respectively.FDG uptake in the left amygdala at 10,25,40,55,70,85 min between the 2 groups were significantly different (t values:12.92,8.65,6.99,12.34,28.87,13.87;all P＜ 0.05).The clearance rate in the left amygdala of patients at different time interval was increased compared with that of the healthy group(40-55 min:t=32.53;56-70 min:t=32.73;71-85 min:t=11.10;all P＜ 0.05).Compared with the healthy group,FDG uptake in the left hippocampus of patients was decreased significantly at 10,25,40,55,85 min (t values:2.70,7.75,7.78,8.81,7.00;all P＜0.05) for FDG uptake,and the clearance rate was also decreased significantly at different time interval(40-55 min:t =6.02;56-70 min:t=62.15;71-85 min:t=37.39;all P＜0.05).Differences of metabolic changes in the right amygdala and the right hippocampus were not significant.Conclusions 18F-FDG metabolism in the amygdala and hippocampus of patients with FED may be abnormal,which is characterized by earlier peak uptake and quicker clearance in the left amygdala while lower uptake and slower clearance in the left hippocampus.

Dynamic study on the hippocampus of rats in depression model / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the potential relationship among brain vessels,hippocampus tissue and cell morphology in depressive rat model.Methods According to the weight-atching principle,thirty SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n =15) and depressive group (n =15).Compared with the control group,the depressive group was handled according to the demand of depressive rat model.After rats were scanned by 3.0 magnetic resonance on the 0th,2nd,4th,6th,8th week,respectively,hippocampus was picked out,taken photos and stained by HE.Microscopeat was used to observe hippocampus cell morphology and brain vessels,and hippocampus was described and analysed by Mimics software.Results Diameter and length of the middle cerebral arteries of the model group decreased with time increasing.Compared with the control group,these changes in the model group were significantly different on the 8th week (left:control group (0.31 ± 0.04),(5.53 ± 0.62) mm,depressive group (0.25±0.02),(4.64±0.61) mm,t =5.20,5.48 respectively,both P＜0.01;right:control group (0.30±0.03),(5.59 ±0.64) mm,depressive group (0.24 ±0.03),(4.72 ±0.67) mm,t =3.96,4.85 respectively,both P ＜ 0.01).The cells morphology of hippocampus was also changed with stimulation time increasing.The numbers of cell in DG area,CA1 area and CA3 area were decreased,with cell shrank,cells nuclear stained strongly and arranged loosely.Besides,the volume of hippocampus tissue in the depressive group also changed correspondingly with time.On the 8th week,it was significantly different (left:control group (40.62 ±2.32) mm3,depressive group (34.18 ±2.25) mm3,t =7.72,P＜0.01;right:control group (40.47 ±2.25) mm3,depressive group (35.63 ±2.48) mm3,t =5.60,P ＜0.01).Conclusion With stress time increasing,brain vessels,hippocampus tissue and cell morphology in depressive rats change obviously,indicating certain correlation among them.

CT Manifestations of Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To analysis the CT manifestations of acinar cell carcinomas of the pancreas (ACCs) in order to know more about its CT signs. Materials and Methods The plain and enhanced CT findings of 9 patients with AACs proved pathologically were analyzed retrospectively. Results The main image ifndings of the patients were as follows:①the pancreas grew with exophytic dilatability;②they tended to be large (average diameter was 4.7 cm), with round or oval shape; ③ the lesions showed hypodense on enhanced scan and the solid areas showed slight enhancement in the arterial phase compared with normal pancreas;④most lesions had uniform or partial thin enhanced ring;⑤most lesions demonstrated cystic or necrotic;⑥few had pancreatic/biliary ductal dilatation and peripancreatic involvement;⑦few showed internal calciifcation or intratumoral hemorrhage. Conclusion Plain CT scan and enhanced scan are signiifcant in locating and differentiating acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas.

3D hemodynamic numerical simulation of carotid artery aneurysm before and after surgery based on CT date / 生物医学工程学杂志

Hemodynamic situation is an important factor of recurrence of postoperative carotid artery aneurysm. In order to investigate the hemodynamic factors of postoperative carotid artery aneurysm affect carotid artery aneurysm recurrence, we established a 3D finite element carotid artery aneurysm for the preoperative and postoperative periods using the three-dimensional reconstruction techniques. And then we measured the hemodynamic factors of carotid artery aneurysm of preoperative and postoperative by the finite element method. The carotid artery aneurysm model has an accurate and realistic shape; the pressure of the recurrence of aneurysm was reduced significantly after surgery,wall shear stress increased significantly at residual neck, and blood flow velocity increased significantly, which will increase the risk of recurrence. The hemodynamic analysis provides a reference for development of aneurysm clinical treatment programs and prevention of recurrence.

Magnetic resonance study of the structure and function of the hippocampus and amygdala in patients with depression / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The hippocampus and amygdala exhibit structural and functional alterations in patients with depression. The objective of this study was to investigate the structural and functional relationships between these core regions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the severity of their condition, 60 patients and 20 healthy controls were equally divided into four groups (mild group, moderate group, major group and health controls group), scanned by T1-MR, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Structural image, BOLD image, and SWI image were collected for processing and analysis. The characteristics of the depression and controls were checked by analysis of variance test, and the difference between groups was checked by Dunnett's test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The volume of hippocampus and amygdala varied with the severity of the condition. The signal obtained under the stimulation of negative events was linearly decreased in the mild, moderate and major groups revealed by fMRI. The length and diameter of the lateral ventricle vein was reduced in the mild group, whereas the number of branches increased. In the moderate and major groups, the reduction in the length, diameter and increase in the number of branches of the lateral ventricle vein were greater.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The alterations of the volume, fMRI, and cerebral veins in these core regions may account for the causal relationship between structure and function.</p>

Effect of inflammatory cytokines of blood serum on cell metabolism of bilateral hippocampus in the first episode depression: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the cell metabolism of the bilateral hippocampus effected by the inflammatory factor of blood serum in the development of the depression.Methods Using Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1 H-MRS technology to detect multiple metabolic indices of the bilateral hippocampus of 20 first episode depression patients and 20 healthy persons,and detecting the levels of IL-6,IL-2,IL-10 in blood serum were detected.Finally the correlation between them was analyzed.Results Compared with the healthy group,the values of Glx/Cr and NAA/ Cr were reduced in left hippocampus (Glx/Cr: (0.82±0.48),t=2.69,P＜0.05 ; NAA/Cr: (1.12 ±0.44),t =2.81,P＜ 0.05) and the value of Cho/ Cr was increased in left hippocampus ((2.49± 0.78),t =2.36,P＜0.05),but only the value of Glx/ Cr were reduced in right hippocampus ((0.84 ± 0.47),t =2.43,P＜ 0.05),and the other metabolic indices changed unobvious.The depressive group had the significantly higher levels of IL-6,IL-2 in blood serum(IL-6: (12.47±3.19) ng/L,t=4.53,P＜0.05 ; IL-2: (29.44±5.72) ng/L,t=2.44,P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found in the IL-10 level in blood serum.The Glx/ Cr of bilateral hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in blood serum(left:(IL-6: r=-0.555,P＜0.05;IL-2: r=-0.624,P＜0.05) ;right:(IL-6: r=-0.575,P＜0.05; IL-2: r=-0.523,P＜0.05)).The NAA/ Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in blood serum(IL-6: r=-0.582,P＜0.05;IL-2: r=-0.607,P＜0.05).The Cho/Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in blood serum(IL-6: r=0.601,P＜0.05; IL-2: r=0.552,P＜0.05).Conclusion The abnormal of glutamic acid system in bilateral hippocampus maybe the important performance and the potential originating link,the changes of the inflammatory cytokines level maybe the factor of these abnormal changes.

A study on middle cerebral arteries of rats by 3.0T MR in depression model based on Mimics / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the variation of middle cerebral arteries of rats in depression model by using 3D-TOF sequence on 3.0T MR.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into control group and depressive group with 20 in each.Compared with control group,depressive group were handled according to the demand of rat depression model.Rats were scanned by 3.0T MR on 0th,4th,6th,8th week respectively.Using Mimics software,the variation of middle cerebral arteries were described and analysed.Results Compared with the control group,the middle cerebral arteries of depressive group rats changed along with the increase of time.On the 4th week,the diameter of the middle cerebral arteries of rats decreased significantly (the diameter of left middle cerebral arteries:control group (0.31 ±0.05) mm,depressive group (0.28±0.04) mm,t=2.76,P＜0.05 ; the diameter of right middle cerebral arteries:control group (0.30 ± 0.05) mm,depressive group (0.27± 0.03) mm,t =2.61,P＜ 0.05).On the 6th week,the length of the middle cerebral arteries of rats decreased significantly (the length of left middle cerebral arteries:control group (5.6± 0.77) mm,depressive group (4.9 ± 0.73) mm,t =2.84,P＜ 0.05 ; the length of right middle cerebral arteries:control group(5.5±0.76) mm,depressive group(4.8±0.72) mm,t=3.11,P ＜0.05).On the 8th week,the diameter and length of the middle cerebral arteries of rats decreased more significantly (the diameter of left middle cerebral arteries:control group (0.31 ±0.05) mm,depressive group (0.22±0.02) mm,t =5.50,P＜ 0.01 ; the diameter of right middle cerebral arteries:control group (0.30 ± 0.04) mm,depressive group (0.21 ±0.02) mm,t=5.57,P＜0.01 ; the length of left middle cerebral arteries:control group (5.6±0.78) mm,depressive group (4.3±0.70)mm,t=5.49,P＜0.01 ;the length of right middle cerebral arteries:control group (5.5 ± 0.79) mm,depressive group (4.2±0.71)mm,t=5.45,P＜0.01).Conclusion The variation of middle cerebral arteries of depressive rats reveals the relationship between brain vessels and depression in a certain extent.

The combined analysis of susceptibility weighted imaging and proton spectroscopy sequence by high field magnetic resonance in the first-episode depression patients / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective Combined with susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to study the hippocampus in the first-episode depression patients for exploring the causal relationship.Methods 20 first-episode depression patients and 20 healthy volunteers underwent SWI scanning and hippocampal 1H-MRS image,analysis and comparison the changes between the venous system and metabolism of two groups.Results Proton spectroscopy analysis showed that compared with the control group,bilateral hippocampal NAA/Cr(left hippocampus:depression group 0.95±0.77,control group 1.78±0.82; right hippocampus:depression group 1.12±0.74,control group 1.91 ± 0.80) and Cho/Cr (left hippocampus:depression group 1.08±0.83,control group 1.75±0.73 ; right hippocampus:depression group 0.91±0.68,control group 1.95 ±0.74) in the depression group was significantly lower,the difference was significant(NAA/Cr:t value in left and right were -3.14,-3.49,P＜0.05; Cho/Cr:t value in left and right were-3.25,-3.19,P＜0.05),however MI/Cr had no obvious changes (t value in left and right were 1.24,-1.27,P＞0.05).Magnetic sensitive scan showed depression group compared with the control group was significantly reduced in lateral vein diameter,length and branches (t value were 3.23,4.56,2.66,P＜0.05).Conclusion The SWI sequence and 1H-MRS imaging methods can become a new research idea about the central nucleus,and this idea may explain the causal relationship between the hippocampus in depression patients of vascular abnormalities and hippocampal neuronal metabolic abnormalities.

Palmitate enhances toll-like receptor 4 expression and signaling in porcine vascular endothelial cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of palmitate on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and signaling in vascular endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pig iliac endothelial cells (PIECs) were incubated with palmitate. TLR4 gene expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, and TLR4 and IκBα protein expressions by Western blotting. The expression levels of TLR4 protein on the surface of PIECs were quantified using flow cytometry. ELISA was employed to detect tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in the cell medium.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Palmitate treatment significantly increased TLR4 mRNA and protein expression levels in PIECs compared with those in the control cells (4.73∓0.61 vs 1.25∓0.90, P<0.05; 5.79∓0.05 vs 4.07∓0.31, P<0.05). The expression levels of TLR4 on the cell surface significantly increased (38.070∓3.907 vs 29.390∓1.072, P<0.05), while IκBα protein level was significantly lowered in PIECs after palmitate treatment as compared with those in the control cells (2.04∓0.22 vs 3.98∓0.18, P<0.05). Palmitate treatment significantly elevated TNF-α (2.52∓0.30 vs 1.38∓0.26, P<0.05) and IL-6 (IL-6: 3.28∓0.32 vs 1.44∓0.28, P<0.05) concentrations in the cell culture medium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Palmitate can enhance TLR4 expression and signaling in porcine vascular endothelial cells.</p>

Sensibility about prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rat depressive model affected by the inflammatory factor in cerebrospinal fluid:a magnetic resonance spectrum study / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the sensibility of the encephalic region affected by the inflammatory factor of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and the role of the inflammatory factor in the development of the depression.Methods Based on the evaluation of ethology,forty SD rats were randomly and equally divided into control group and model group which was exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 4 weeks.Using analyzing technology 1 H-MRS to detect prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of each group and detecting the levels of interlukin 6(IL-6),interlukin 2 (IL-2),interlukin 10 (IL-10) in CSF at the beginning and 4 weeks later,and the correlation was analyzed between them.Results Compared with the control group,the values of Glx/ Cr and NAA/ Cr in bilateral prefrontal cortex were reduced which did not reach statistically significance (P ＞ 0.05),and the value of Cho/ Cr had no significant difference.The values of Glx/Cr and NAA/Cr in left hippocampus reduced significantly(Glx/Cr:(1.16 ±0.07),t =2.50,P＜0.05 ;NAA/Cr:(1.30 ±0.09),t=5.94,P＜0.01),and the value of Cho/Cr was increased which did not reach statistically significance(P＞ 0.05).The values of Glx/Cr and NAA/Cr were reduced and the value of Cho/Cr was increased in right hippocampus which did not reach statistical significance(P＞0.05).The depressive group had the significantly higher levels of IL-6,IL-2 in CSF(IL-6:(32.41 ± 3.52),t =11.46,P ＜ 0.01 ; IL-2:(18.89 ± 2.56),t =7.42,P ＜ 0.01),but no significant difference was found in the IL-10 level in CSF.The Glx/Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in CSF (IL-6:r =-0.555,P＜ 0.05 ; IL-2:r=-0.582,P＜ 0.05) ; the NAA/Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in CSF(IL-6:r=-0.582,P＜0.05;IL-2:r=-0.607,P＜0.05).Conclusion The development of inchoate depression has a correlation with the high sensibility of the left hippocampus affected by the inflammatory factor levels.The metabolism of never cells has changed,which maybe constitutes the physiopathology basis of the depression.

An imaging study on hippocampal vein structure and cognitive function in Alzheimer disease patients / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To research the Alzheimer disease(AD) patients' hippocampal structure and cognitive function with the susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and morphological measurement,and explore the changing regularity and correlation.Methods Sixty patients (divided equally into mild,moderate and major group as the condition of the severity of the AD) and 20 healthy control groups were scanned with SWI and T1MR,then the differences between AD and healthy controls were analyzed.Results The hippocampal volumes of AD patients were smaller than that of control group.The biggest variability occured in the major group(the left was Dunnett-t =-7.03,P ＜ 0.01 ;the right was Dunnett-t =-7.52,P ＜ 0.01),the moderate group was next(the left was Dunnett-t =-6.71,P ＜ 0.01 ; the right was Dunnett-t =-6.62,P ＜ 0.01) ;and the least variability occurred in the mild group.They did not achieve statistical significance (the left was Dunnett-t =-0.86,P＞ 0.05 ;the right was Dunnett-t =-0.68,P ＞ 0.05).The hippocampus vein' s length,diameter had reduced significantly in the mild group(Dunnett-t were-5.62,-7.02,P＜ 0.001),but the number of the branches was slightly increased,which was close to the statistical significance.(Dunnett-t =1.86,P ＞ 0.05).With the progress of the AD,all of the hippocampus vein's length,diameter,and branches were reduced significantly(the Dunnett-t of the moderate were-10.10,-11.40,-2.83,P＜0.05;the Dunnett-tofthe major were-11.69,-14.68,-5.74,P＜ 0.001).AD patients blood vessel diameter,length and cognitive have correlation(r =-0.034 ～-0.517,P ＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The hippocampus vein and cognitive function function change in AD patients happened in the mild stages of disease.An important supplement to the MRI conventional sequences.

Comparison of dosimetry in radiotherapy for prophylactic cranial irradiation for prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To compare the dosimetric differences among three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT),intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)and RapidArc for prophylactic carnial irradiation(PCI)in small cell lung cancer(SCLC)patients.Methods Ten patients with SCLC were enrolled into this study.3D-CRT,9-field IMRT(IMRT)and double arc RapidArc plans were designed and optimized for each patient.The goal was to deliver 25 Gy to ≥ 95％ of the planning target volume(PTV)while the same normal-tissue dose constraints were achieved.The dose distribution and conformal index (CI),homogeneity index(HI)of target volume,the maximum dose(D2 ％),the minimum dose(D98 ％),target coverage of PTV(V95 and V100),and Dmean and Dmax of organs at risk(OAR)were analyzed by using the dose volume histogram(DVH).The monitor units and delivery time were also evaluated.Results All plans met the clinical requirements.PTV dosimetric parameters(CI,HI,D2％,D98％,V95 and V100)of RapidArc and IMRT were superior to those of 3D-CRT with significant difference(P＜0.05).The maximum doses to the optic nerves,brainstem and the mean dose to the parotid glands of the IMRT and RapidArc plans were all significantly lower than those of the 3D-CRT plan(P＜0.05),while 3D-CRT plan provided the lowest maximum doses and mean dose of the lens and eyes(P＜0.05).Compared with IMRT plan,no obvious advantage in PTV dosimetric parameters could be observed in RapidArc plans.In terms of organ sparing,no statistical difference was observed between IMRT and RapidArc plans.The number of monitor units for 3D-CRT,IMRT and RapidArc were 287.8,1388.8 and 346.6,respectively.Conclusions Compared with 3D-CRT,IMRT and RapidArc show better dosimetric quality.The 3D-CRT plan has a significantly lower dose on the lens and eyes,less MU and shorter delivery time than IMRT and RapidArc plans.

Late course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy plus concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To evaluate the treatment efficacy and treatment-related toxicity of late course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy (LCAHRT) combined with cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CHT) for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods A total of 46 patients with histologically confirmed ESCC,11 in the stage Ⅱa,3 in the stage Ⅱb,and 32 in the stage Ⅲ,underwent conventional fractioned radiation of 40 Gy in 20 fractions on the primary and metastatic lymph nodes,and high-risk lymph node drainage regions,and then the primary and metastatic lymph nodes were irradiated as boost with an additional dose of 19.6 Gy in 14 fractions (1.4 Gy twice a day),and the total prescribed dose was 59.6 Gy in 34 fractions.Two cycles of CHT were administered concurrently during the radiotherapy.The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates and local control rates (LCRs) were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method,and treatment-related toxicity was analyzed based on the RTOG and CTCAE criteria 3.0.Results All patients received the whole course of treatment.The median followup time was 34.4 months (6-67 months).The overall response rate was 91.3％ (42/46).The median OS was 38.5 months (95％ CI 29.6-47.4 months).The 1-,3-,and 5-year OS rates and LCRs were 78.6％,49.4％,and 39.9％,and 84.3％,68.2％,and 61.4％ respectively.The incidence of ≥ G3 radiationinduced esophagitis was 23.9％.Three kinds of serious (≥G3) hematologic toxicities were recorded,including leucopenia (26.1％),thrombocytopenia (13.0％),and anemia (10.9％).Esophagotracheal fistula was recorded in 2 patients (4.3％).Conclusion LCAHRT plus CTH can be favorable for the patients with locally advanced ESCC,however,the treatment-related toxicities may be serious.