Abordaje intervencionista del síndrome facetario lumbar: denervación con radiofrecuencia / Interventional approach for lumbar facet syndrome: radio frequency denervation

Lumbar pain is a common and frequent chronic condition. It is estimated that facet joint pain represents 15-31% of all consultations for low back pain. In suspected facet joint pain, it is recommended to perform nerve blocks to establish the diagnosis. Percutaneous continuous radiofrequency is the most effective treatment to date. We describe the current evidence on the minimally invasive treatment of lumbar facet syndrome and our experience with image guidance with CT and fluoroscopy by means of rhizolysis of the medial branch of the dorsal primary ramus of the spinal nerve.

El dolor lumbar es una entidad común y frecuente crónica. Se estima que el dolor de causa articular facetaria representa el 15-31% de todas las consultas por dolor lumbar. En sospecha de dolor articular facetario se recomienda realización de bloqueos nerviosos para establecer el diagnóstico. La radiofrecuencia continua percutánea es el tratamiento más efectivo hasta la fecha. Se describe la evidencia actual en el tratamiento mínimamente invasivo del síndrome facetario lumbar y nuestra experiencia con las guías de imagen con TC y fluoroscopía mediante rizolisis de la rama medial del ramo primario dorsal del nervio espinal.

Ethanolic extract of Casearia sylvestris Sw exhibits in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and in vivo hypolipidemic effect in rats / Extrato etanólico de Casearia sylvestris Sw apresenta atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana in vitro e efeito hipolipemiante em ratos

ABSTRACT: The Casearia sylvestris Sw (Flacourtiaceae) is a shrub that occurs in forests of Southern Brazil; its leaves are widely used in folk medicine as a depurative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic agent. The objective of this study was to perform the phytochemical description and to evaluate the pharmacological activities (antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and toxicity) of the ethanolic extract (EE) of C. sylvestris Sw. In addition, we also evaluated the effect of the EE of C. sylvestris Sw on the glucose levels and lipid profile in blood serum of rats submitted to a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Material and Methods: In vitro assay: the detection of chemical groups was done through chemical reactions with the development of color or precipitate and by chromatographic profile; the antioxidant activity was measured by the method of reduction of DPPH free radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl); the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was evaluated by the broth microdilution method, and the Minimum Bactericide Concentration and the Minimum Fungicide Concentration were performed in Petri dishes; the cytotoxic activity was measured by the Artemia salina test. In vivo assay: diabetic and non-diabetic rats were treated with EE of C. sylvestris Sw (300 mg/kg) for 45 days, and the glycaemia and lipid profile were analyzed. Results: The EE showed a Lethal Dose50 of 724.76 μg.mL-1 and important antioxidant, fungicide and fungistatic activities. The EE showed better antimicrobial activity regarding the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella setubal. Conclusion: The EE of C. sylvestris Sw produces a significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol and VLDL levels without any significant alteration in the glycaemia. The EE of C. sylvestris Sw presents antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and it exhibits a potent hypolipidemic effect.

RESUMO: Casearia sylvestris Sw (Flacourtiaceae) é uma planta comumente encontrada em florestas do sul do Brasil; suas folhas são amplamente utilizadas na medicina popular como depurativa, analgésica, anti-inflamatória e anti ulcerogênica. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma descrição fitoquímica e da atividade farmacológica (antimicrobiana, antifúngica, antioxidante e toxicidade) do extrato etanólico (EE) da C. Sylvestris Sw. Adicionalmente, procurou-se avaliar o efeito do EE da C. Sylvestris Sw sobre os níveis séricos de glicose e perfil lipídico de ratos submetidos a um modelo de diabetes induzida por estreptozotocina. A detecção de grupos químicos foi realizada por reações químicas de coloração ou precipitação, e também por cromatografia; a atividade antioxidante foi mensurada pelo método de redução do DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil); a concentração mínima inibitória foi realizada pela técnica de micro-diluição, e concentração mínima bactericida e concentração mínima fungicida foram realizadas em placa de Petri; enquanto a atividade citotóxica foi conduzida pelo teste da Artemia salina. Nos ensaios in vivo, ratos diabéticos e não-diabéticos foram tratado com EE da C. Sylvestris Sw (300mg/kg) por 45 dias, e os níveis glicêmico e perfil lipídico foram medidos. A dose Letal50 do EE foi de 724.76 μg.mL-1; mostrando importante atividades antioxidante, fungicida e fungistática e melhor atividade antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli e Salmonella setubal. O EE da C. Sylvestris Sw promoveu diminuição significativa nos níveis de triglicerídeos, colesterol total e VLDL; porém sem efeito significativo nos níveis glicêmicos. O EE da C. Sylvestris Sw, além de apresentar atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana; possui também potente efeito hipolipidêmico.

Percepción de los Alumnos de Enfermería sobre el Desempeño docente en la Práctica Clínica / Perception of Nursing Students on Teacher Performance in Clinical Practice

Introducción: La evaluación es un procedimiento intencionado, integral y continuo cuyo objetivo es obtener información sobre los fenómenos educativos, por lo que es necesario analizar la interacción educacional de profesores y alumnos. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción del alumno de enfermería sobre el desempeño docente en la práctica clínica. Material y métodos: Es un estudio analítico, transversal y comparativo, con una muestra estratificada de 180 alumnos del módulo de Enfermería Médico Quirúrgica II; se aplicó un instrumento para medir la percepción de los alumnos sobre el desempeño docente con un de Crombach de 0.975, y otro adaptado a profesores para medir su autopercepción. Resultados: Los profesores conforme a su autopercepción obtuvieron 97% de muy buena en comparación con los alumnos, que reportaron un 69% muy buena, 22% buena y 9% regular, lo que indica que no hay relación entre ambas percepciones de acuerdo a lo reportado en la c2 p=0.340, sin embargo si existe diferencia entre la percepción y el campo clínico F=5.342, gl inter=9, gl intra=163, p=.000 Conclusiones: No existe relación entre la percepción del alumno y del profesor sobre el desempeño docente en práctica clínica; y ésta es diferente según el campo clínico.

Introduction: The evaluation process is a deliberate, comprehensive and continuous aim is to obtain information about educational phenomena, so it is necessary to analyze the educational interaction of teachers and students. Objective: To determine the perception of nursing students on teacher performance in clinical practice. Material and methods: an analytical study, transversal and comparative study with a stratified sample of 180 students of Medical Surgical Nursing Module II, is an instrument applied to measure the perception of students about the educational performance with Crombach of 0.975 , and another tailored for teachers to measure their self-perception. Results: The teachers according to their perception of 97% were very good in comparison with the students, who reported 69% good, 22% good and 9% regular, indicating no relationship between the two perceptions according to reported in the c 2 p = 0.340, but if there is a difference between perception and the clinical field F=5.342, gl inter=9, gl intra=163, p=.000 Conclusions: There is no relationship between the perception of students and teachers on teaching performance in clinical practice, and this is different depending on the clinical field

Oocyte structure and ultrastructure in the Mexican silverside fish Chirostoma humboldtianum (Atheriniforme: Atherinopsidae)

The structural and ultrastructural features of gonads from endemic Mexican fish have received scarce attention. This study describes the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of oocyte from Chirostoma humboldtianum. The ovary is asynchronic, and as such, most phases of oocyte development are found in the same ovary. The complete process of oogenesis was divided in five stages: oogonium and folliculogenesis, primary growth, cortical alveoli and lipid inclusions, vitellogenesis, and maturation. The presence of big filaments, which appear at the end of primary growth, induces some common follicular adaptation. During primary growth, abundant ribosomes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria are grouped in the cytoplasm. At the end of this stage, the Z1 layer of the chorion is developed, while microvilli start to be evident. In the cortical alveoli and lipid droplets phase, intense PAS positive vesicles, some of them containing nucleoid material, are observed in the peripheral cytoplasm and the lipid droplets take a more central position. In vitellogenesis, the proteic yolk accumulates in a centripetal way while the chorion is completely formed. During maturation, the germinal vesicle migrates to the animal pole, meiosis is restored, and there is nuclear breakdown. The oocyte increases its size and holds some oil droplets and a big fluid mass of yolk. On the outside, filaments completely surround the oocyte. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (3): 1371-1380. Epub 2008 September 30.

El legado de Acimed: recuento iconográfico y bibliográfico de sus primeros 15 años / The Legacy of Acimed: iconographic and bibliographic review of its first 15 years

Se hace una remembranza sumaria de la evolución de Acimed, a modo de conmemoración del aniversario 15 de su puesta en circulación, donde se razona su significación para la historia de la Bibliotecología y las Ciencias de la Información. Se fundamentan los objetivos de esta revista a través del tiempo y se brindan detalles acerca de los cambios que ha sufrido desde el punto de vista formal. Se presenta un índice analítico, en el cual se registra todo su contenido, con las referencias de los trabajos atesorados en sus páginas durante sus tres primeros lustros y donde se incluyen los nombres de sus autores y los asuntos por ellos abordados. Con este inventario se trata además de posibilitar que las presentes y las futuras generaciones de profesionales de la actividad biblioteco-informativa del mundo dispongan de una útil obra de referencia, donde se hace constar cómo se ha difundido en esta publicación el desarrollo de la disciplina y el papel desempeñado al efecto por sus colegas cubanos durante los últimos ocho años del siglo XX y los primeros siete del XXI.

A review of the evolution of Acimed is made, as a way to mark the 15th anniversary of its publication. Its significance for the history of Library Science and Information Science is dealt with. The objectives of this journal through time are explained, and details are offered about the changes ocurred from the formal point of view. An analytical index is presented, in which all the contents are registered together with the references of the works treasured in its pages during its first fifteen years, including the names of all authors and the topics they worked on. This inventory is aimed at making possible that the present and future generations of professionals of the library-informative activity all over the world have a useful reference work, that shows how the development of this discipline has been disseminated in this publication, as well as the role played by the Cuban colleagues in the last eight years of the XX century and the first seven years of the XXI century.