The Effects of Postpartum Depression on the Development of Children / 소아과

Mother-infant interaction is a crucial component of an infant's cognitive, emotional and behavioral development. Most people are preoccupied with fetal education, the physical conditions of the postpartum mother and baby, and emphasizing an early start in the child's education. However, the effects of a mother's postnatal emotional state on the development of the infant are often overlooked. Postpartum depression is a significant health problem affecting 10-20 percent of new mothers. Recent research findings indicate that the suffering caused by postpartum depression is not limited to these mothers alone; their babies and close family members are vulnerable to short-term and long-term effects as well. This review summarizes the findings of recent research works, in the light of publications within the last seven years.

Statistical Observation for Pediatric Inpatients: Second report statistically analyzed for the patients admitted to the pediatric department of 24 hospitals in Korea

This is the clinical statistics concerning the admitted patients observed in the pediatric department of 24 university hospitals and general training hospitals in Korea during the past 3 years from Jan. 1976 to Dec. 1978.All the patients were classified by year and disease according to international classification of disease by W.H.O.(1965 Revision). The results obtained were as follows: 1. Total number of patients during 3 years were 64,864, of which 18,085 were in 1976,22,084 in 1977 and 24,693 in 1978 with about 10% increment every year. 2. Infectious and parasitic disease were the most frequent, 20,737 cases(31.97%) followed by respiratory tract disease,15,917 cases(24.54%) and neonatal disease, 6,388 cases(11.44%) 3. Ten major leading causes of hospitalization were pneumonia(12.7%),diarrheal disease (9.4%), hyperbilirubinemia and postmaturity, upper respiratkory tract infection, immaturity acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis, infectious hepatitis, nephritis,convulsion, and intestinal obstruction in the order of frequency

The Statistical Observation for Pediatric Inpatients

Statistical analysis according to W.H.O. classification for the patients admitted to 11 hospitals during the years of Jan. 1974 to Dec. 1975 was made. The result obtaind were as follows: 1) Total No. of patients were 15,885 2) Infections and parasitic disease were the most frequent, 4655 cases (29.3%) and respiratory tract disease the next, 3,516 cases(22.13%) 3) Major leading causes of hospitalization were pneumonia, 12.5% of all patients, ingectious diarrhea, hyperbilirubinemia and postmaturity, prematurity, upper respiratory tract infection nephritis and bronchiolitis in order of incidence.

Clinical Study on Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura

A clinical study on the 41 cases of Henock-Schoenlein purpura in infancy and childhood was made. The results are as followings. 1) The cases were seen mostly in the age group of 4 to 10 yr (63.5%), with the peak incidence in 6~10 yr age group(44%). 2) Males were more affected than females with the Male to Female ratio of 2:1. 3) The peak seasonal incidence was seen in spring with 15 cases (37%) and Winter was in the second place with 12 cases (29%). 4) The previous history of the upper respiratory tract infection was present in 17 cases (41%). 5) The main clinical manifestations were skin rash (100.0%), abdominal pain (73%), nephritis (46%) and joint pain (39%) in order. 6) The most common type of skin rash in Henock-Schoenlein purpura and urticarial wheal with erythematous rash (73%) on the lower extremities. 7) In gastointestinal manifestation of Henock-Schoenlein purpura, abdominal pain was noted in all cases (100%) and next is was vomitting (37%). 8) Joints most often involved were the knee (94%) and ankle (44%) joints and the wrists (31%) and elbow (13%) joints subsequently. 9) The renal manifestation of Henock-Schoenlein purpura was the most serious sign. Proteinuria and micro and gross hematuria were seen in all cases (100%) with renal mvoluement. 10) The Anti-streptolysin O titer was increased in 8 cases (28.5%).

Peptic ulcer in childhood

Peptic ulcer disease in children presents an interesting and sometimes difficult problem to the clinicians. Since the incidence is quite small in children, only small collected series have been reported in the literature. With the improvement of diagnostic aids (particularly radiologic equipments and greater attention paid by clinicians, peptic ulcers have been detected with increasing frequency. However, there is a paucity of information available concerning this disease in infancy and childhood in Korea. The symptoms and signs of peptic ulcer disease in childhood are obscure and have many differences from those of tihe adult, which too often go unrecogntzed until complications set in. The authors made on clinical observation on 14 patients with peptic ulcer under the age of 15 years, who had been admitted to the department of pediatrics of National Medical Center from Aug, 1972 to July 1978. The age, sex and seasonal incidences, type and location of ulcer, symptom curation, clinical and laboratory findings, complications and prognosis were analyzed and the data are summerized as follows. 1) The incidence of peptic ulcer in childhood was 0.33% of a total 4221 admissions, and the average number of patients of peptic ulcer per year was 2.3. 2) Among 14 patients, 9 cases (68%) were between 12 and 15 years of age, 4 patients (28%) between 7 and 11, and the majority (93%) were between the ages of 7 and 15. The youngest patients wea 4 year old male. 3) Sex incidence showed that males predominated in a proportion of 13:1. 4) Seasonal incidence was relatively high (inspring) (28.6%) and autumn (42.9%). 5) Three cases (21.5%) had gastric ulcer and 11 cases (78.5%) had duodenal (ulcer, 12 cases were diagnosed as primary type and 2 cases were) thought to be secondary type due to steroid therapy. 6) Duration of symptoms were variable, with the range between 1 week and 3 years. 7) The majority have abdominal pain (100%), vomiting (85.6%) and epigstric tenderness (71.4%), Other symptoms and signs were anemia (42.9%), indigestion (38.5%), melena (38.5%), epigastric pain (28.6%), general weakness (21.5%), weight loss (14.3%) and abdominal rigidity (14.3%). 8) Gastric analysis was performed in 5 patients, 2 of these patients had slight hyperchlorhydria, but 3 cases showed normal results. 9) Complications were found in 4 patients (28.6%). These were perforation (2 cases, 14.3%) and obstruction (2 cases 14.3%). Postoperative condition during hospitalization was excellent. 10) Among the chronic primary ulcer patients (12 cases), ulcer symptoms disappeared in 10 cases with medical treatment such as antacids, tranquilizers and other conservative treatments and within one month after treatments were discharged with improvement.

Prevalence of Australia antigen in Children

The incidence of Australia antigen (HAA, HBsAg), a known market for hepatitis B virus (HBV), is expected to e high, esp. in the subclinial type. It is well known that the incidence of HAA positivity among the patients with specific diseases and group of blood donors is relatively high in adult age group. But since there is less research for the incidence of HAA in Pediatric age group, the necessecity of investigation of its incidence is required properly. Thirteen from 306 children (4.58%) who were selected randomly among hospitalized patients from Feb., 1975 to April, 1977, were positive for HAA in their serum sample tested by the apgar gel diffusion method. The incidence of HAA was higher (6.54%) in male than in female(0.99%) patients and a trend toward increments was noted with age.