Baseline survey of psychosocial factors levels and their health effects in a cohort study of natural gas field workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the level of psychosocial factors in workplace and their health effects among workers in a natural gas field. Methods: A prospective and open cohort of natural gas field workers was established to study the level of workplace psychosocial factors and their health effects, with a follow-up every 5 years. In October 2018, a cluster sampling method was used to conduct a baseline survey of 1737 workers in a natural gas field, including a questionnaire survey on demographic characteristics, workplace psychosocial factors and mental health outcomes, physiological indicators such as height and weight, and biochemical indicators such as blood routine, urine routine, liver function and kidney function. The baseline data of the workers were statistically described and analyzed. The psychosocial factors and mental health outcomes were divided into high and low groups according to the mean score, and the physiological and biochemical indicators were divided into normal and abnormal groups according to the reference range of normal values. Results: The age of 1737 natural gas field workers was (41.8±8.0) years old, and the length of service was (21.0±9.7) years. There were 1470 male workers (84.6%). There were 773 (44.5%) high school (technical secondary school) and 827 (47.6%) college (junior college) graduates, 1490 (85.8%) married (including remarriage after divorce), 641 (36.9%) smokers and 835 (48.1%) drinkers. Among the psychosocial factors, the detection rates of high levels of resilience, self-efficacy, colleague support and positive emotion were all higher than 50%. Among the mental health outcomes evaluation indexes, the detection rates of high levels of sleep disorder, job satisfaction and daily stress were 41.82% (716/1712), 57.25% (960/1677) and 45.87% (794/1731), respectively. The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 22.77% (383/1682). The abnormal rates of body mass index (BMI), triglyceride and low density lipoprotein were 46.74% (810/1733), 36.50% (634/1737) and 27.98% (486/1737), respectively. The abnormal rates of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, total cholesterol and blood glucose were 21.64% (375/1733), 21.41% (371/1733), 20.67% (359/1737), 20.55% (357/1737) and 19.17% (333/1737), respectively. The prevalence rates of hypertension and diabetes were 11.23% (195/1737) and 3.45% (60/1737), respectively. Conclusion: The detection rates of high level psychosocial factors in natural gas field workers are high, and their effects on physical and mental health remain to be verified. The establishment of a cohort study of the levels and health effects of psychosocial factors provides an important resource for confirming the causal relationship between workplace psychosocial factors and health.

Functional outcomes of 100 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction undergoing Cheng's GIRAFFE(®) reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the functional outcomes and postoperative complications of Cheng's GIRAFFE reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy. Methods: A descriptive case series study was conducted. Clinical data of 100 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction who underwent Cheng's GIRAFFE reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy in Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (64 cases), Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (24 cases), Lishui Central Hospital (10 cases), Huzhou Central Hospital (1 case) and Ningbo Lihuili Hospital (1 case) from September 2017 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 100 patients, 64 were males and 36 were females; the mean age was (61.3 ± 11.1) years and the BMI was (22.7±11.1) kg/m(2). For TNM stage, 68 patients were stage IA, 24 were stage IIA and 8 were stage IIB. Postoperative functional results and postoperative complications of radical gastrectomy with Giraffe reconstruction were analyzed and summarized. Gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) score and postoperative endoscopy were used to evaluate the occurrence of reflux esophagitis and its grade (grade N, grade A, grade B, grade C, and grade D from mild to severe reflux). The continuous data conforming to normal distribution were expressed as (mean ± standard deviation), and those with skewed distribution were presented as median (Q1, Q3). Results: All the 100 patients successfully completed R0 resection, including 77 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery and 23 patients undergoing laparotomy. The Giraffe anastomosis time was (38.6±14.0) min; the blood loss was (73.0±18.4) ml; the postoperative hospital stay was 9.5 (8.2, 13.0) d; the hospitalization cost was (6.0±0.3) ten thousand yuan. Fourteen cases developed perioperative complications (14.0%), including 7 cases of pleural effusion or pneumonia, 3 cases of anastomotic leakage, 2 cases of gastric emptying disorder, 1 case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and 1 case of anastomotic stenosis, who were all improved and discharged after symptomatic management. Patients were followed up for (33.3±1.6) months. Eight patients were found to have reflux symptoms by RDQ scale six months after surgery, and 11 patients (11/100,11.0%) were found to have reflux esophagitis by gastroscopy, including 6 in grade A, 3 in grade B, and 2 in grade C. All the patients could control their reflux symptoms with behavioral guidance or oral PPIs. Conclusion: Cheng's GIRAFFE reconstruction has good anti-reflux efficacy and gastric emptying function; it can be one of the choices of reconstruction methods after proximal gastrectomy.

Occurrence pattern of musculoskeletal disorders and its influencing factors among manufacturing workers / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the occurrence pattern and its influencing factors of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the main affected body sites among manufacturing workers.@*METHODS@#Musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire was adopted to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs and the influencing factors among workers from four manufacturing factories in China. The case of WMSDs was defined as the one who had symptoms such as pain, numbness, discomfort, or limitation of activities in one or more of the nine body sites, including neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand, upper back, lower back, hip/thigh, knee and ankle/foot during the last year, which lasted for more than 24 hours and did not completely relieve after rest. Besides, trauma, disability, other acute injuries or sequelae were excluded. The correlation of WMSDs between different body sites was estimated by the prevalence ratio (PR) calculated by log-binominal model. The influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs of the main affected body sites were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression model.@*RESULTS@#The overall prevalence rate of WMSDs was 79.7% among the manufacturing workers. The main affected body sites were lower back, neck, shoulder and upper back, of which the prevalence rates were 62.3%, 55.7%, 45.6%, and 38.7%, respectively. The PR values of WMSDs among these sites were relatively high. The prevalence of multi-site WMSDs involving these four sites at the same time was 25.2%, and that of three to four sites was 41.4%. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis suggested that influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs in 3-4 sites of neck, shoulder, upper back and lower back involved several aspects. Among these factors, females (OR=2.86, 95%CI 2.38-3.33) and individuals with job tenure of 15-19 years (OR=1.87, 95%CI 1.49-2.34) might have higher risk of disease. Biomechanical factors, such as often bending neck forward or holding neck in a forward position for long periods (OR=2.15, 95%CI 1.86-2.48), often twisting neck or holding neck in a twisted position for long periods (OR=1.64, 95%CI 1.40-1.92) and often twisting trunk heavily (OR=1.40, 95%CI 1.20-1.64) might be risk factors. In the aspect of work organization, doing the same work every day (OR=1.73, 95%CI 1.44-2.08), shortage of workers (OR=1.50, 95%CI 1.31-1.71) and often working overtime (OR=1.38, 95%CI 1.20-1.60) might increase the risk of disease. Factors, such as often standing for long periods at work (OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.65-0.91) and feeling breaks sufficient (OR=0.51, 95%CI 0.44-0.59) were suggested to be protective factors with OR<1.@*CONCLUSION@#The pre-valence rates of WMSDs in neck, shoulder, upper back, and lower back were high among manufacturing workers in this study. The correlation of WMSDs of these four sites was close in this study, and the comorbidity rate of 3-4 sites of these sites was relatively high, suggesting that there might be a multi-site occurrence pattern of WMSDs in "neck-shoulder-upper back-lower back" among manufacturing workers. The main influencing factors of this pattern included individual factors, biomechanical factors and work organization factors.

Analysis of influencing factors for liver cancer by gender in Shunde region / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for liver cancer by gender in Shunde region, and to explore the potential interactions among influencing factors for liver cancer in males. Methods The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) and other indices were used to evaluate the pair-wise interaction, and the classification and regression tree (CART) model was applied to explore the potential multi-factors interaction. Results This study included 1 037 male cases and 1 069 controls, together with 166 female cases and 185 controls. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and family history of liver cancer were significantly associated with increased risk of liver cancer both in males and females (both P<0.001). In males, positive additive interactions were observed between CHB and smoking or alcohol drinking, as well as between smoking and drinking. The RERI for CHB and smoking was 121.90(95% CI：52.85%-190.95%). Negative additive interactions were observed between exercise and CHB or smoking. Further, the CART analysis suggested that the CHB males who smoked and drank alcohol had the highest risk of liver cancer. Conclusions CHB and family history of liver cancer are important risk factors for liver cancer in both males and females. CHB, smoking, and alcohol drinking synergistically promote the incidence of liver cancer for males. Exercise can antagonize the hepatocarcinogenic effect of CHB and smoking.

Association analysis between genetic variants in STAT4 and pathological characteristics of primary liver cancer / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of genetic variants in STAT4 and its interaction with exercise on the pathological characteristics of patients with liver cancer. Methods In the 601 new patients with primary liver cancer,

Effect of targeted inhibition of the expression of chemokine receptor 4 gene by small interfering RNA on the invasion and proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the effect and its mechanism of targeted inhibition of the expression of chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) gene by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the invasion and proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Methods Forty-two nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and its adjacent tissues in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2014 to December 2016 were collected.The expression of CXCR4 mRNA and protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and its adjacent tissues were detected by real time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.The human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2Z were divided into blank control group,negative control group and CX-CR4 transfection group.The cells in blank control group were not given any treatment;the cells in negative control group were transfected nonsense siRNA sequence;the cells in CXCR4 transfection group were transfected CXCR4 targeting siRNA sequence.The protein expression of CXCR4,matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2),MMP-9,β-catenin,Cyclin D1 were detected by Western bloting after 48 h of transfection.The proliferation and invasion ability of the cells were detected by cell counting kit and Transwell chamber.Results The expression of CXCR4 mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and adjacent tissues was 5.526 ±0.143,0.953 ±0.091 respectively;the expression of CXCR4 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and adjacent tissues was 0.522 ± 0.047,0.053 ± 0.011 respectively.The expression of CXCR4 mRNA and protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The protein expression of CXCR4,MMP-2,MMP-9,β-catenin,Cyclin D1 in cells,cell survival rate and the number of cell invasion in CXCR4 transfection group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group and negative control group (P ＜ 0.05);however,there was no significant difference in above indexes between the blank control group and negative control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Inhibiting of CXCR4 gene expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells can significantly decrease the proliferation and invasion ability of cancer cells,and the mechanism may be related to down regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidinone derivatives as PDE9 inhibitors

The pathological processes of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been demonstrated to be linked together. Both PDE9 inhibitors and PPAR agonists such as rosiglitazone exhibited remarkable preclinical and clinical treatment effects for these two diseases. In this study, a series of PDE9 inhibitors combining the pharmacophore of rosiglitazone were discovered. All the compounds possessed remarkable affinities towards PDE9 and four of them have the IC values <5 nmol/L. In addition, these four compounds showed low cell toxicity in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Compound , the most effective one, gave the IC of 1.1 nmol/L towards PDE9, which is significantly better than the reference compounds PF-04447943 and BAY 73-6691. The analysis of putative binding patterns and binding free energy of the designed compounds with PDE9 may explain the structure-activity relationships and provide evidence for further structural modifications.

The Effect of PCDH15 Gene Variations on the Risk of Noise-induced Hearing Loss in a Chinese Population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a complex disease caused by interactions between environmental and genetic factors. This study investigated whether genetic variability in protocadherin related 15 (PCDH15) underlies an increased susceptibility to the development of NIHL in a Chinese population. The results showed that compared with the TT genotype of rs11004085, CT/CC genotypes were associated with an increased risk of NIHL [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-6.11, P = 0.024]. Additionally, significant interactions between the rs11004085 and rs978842 genetic variations and noise exposure were observed in the high-level exposure groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the risk haplotype TAGCC was observed when combined with higher levels of noise exposure (P < 0.05). Thus, our study confirms that genetic variations in PCDH15 modify the susceptibility to NIHL development in humans.

Effects of maca extract on exercise endurance and blood hormone levels in the rats / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To study the effects of maca extract on exercise endurance and blood hormone levels in the rats. Methods Wistar rats treated with maca extract (2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight) were freely swimming in the cir-culating water flow daily for 15 days. On the 16th day of experiment, the exercise endurance and blood noradrenaline (NA), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) levels of the rats were determined. Results The rats administered with maca extract at the doses of 2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight for 15 d showed that the swimming time before sinking was in-creased by 32. 51%, 60. 04%, 106. 52%, the total swimming time was extended by 16. 99%, 56. 50%, and 101. 73%respectively ( P<0. 01 ); while the number of sinking was decreased by 18. 89%, 35. 89%, and 58. 06%, respectively (P< 0. 01), compared with those swimming rats without maca extract treatment. The noradrenaline level in the blood of rats treated with maca extract 2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight was increased by 3. 30%, 6. 60%, and 16. 50%, respec-tively, compared with the control group, and increased by 42. 49%,47. 05%, and 60. 70%, respectively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment;the E2 level was increased by 132. 83%,102. 72%, and 62. 26% (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the control group, while decreased by 23. 88%, 33. 72%, and 46. 95% (P<0. 01) respec-tively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment. The blood testosterone level was increased by 5. 11%, 37. 65%, and 123. 16% (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the control group, and increased by 28. 98%, 68. 92%, and 173. 85%, (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that maca extract has effect to resist fatigue and enhance exercise capacity in rats. The mechanism is associated with reduced blood E2 , and increased noradrenaline and testosterone levels in the blood of rats.

Effects of maca extract on exercise endurance and blood hormone levels in the rats / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To study the effects of maca extract on exercise endurance and blood hormone levels in the rats. Methods Wistar rats treated with maca extract (2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight) were freely swimming in the cir-culating water flow daily for 15 days. On the 16th day of experiment, the exercise endurance and blood noradrenaline (NA), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) levels of the rats were determined. Results The rats administered with maca extract at the doses of 2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight for 15 d showed that the swimming time before sinking was in-creased by 32. 51%, 60. 04%, 106. 52%, the total swimming time was extended by 16. 99%, 56. 50%, and 101. 73%respectively ( P<0. 01 ); while the number of sinking was decreased by 18. 89%, 35. 89%, and 58. 06%, respectively (P< 0. 01), compared with those swimming rats without maca extract treatment. The noradrenaline level in the blood of rats treated with maca extract 2. 0, 4. 0, 8. 0 g/kg body weight was increased by 3. 30%, 6. 60%, and 16. 50%, respec-tively, compared with the control group, and increased by 42. 49%,47. 05%, and 60. 70%, respectively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment;the E2 level was increased by 132. 83%,102. 72%, and 62. 26% (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the control group, while decreased by 23. 88%, 33. 72%, and 46. 95% (P<0. 01) respec-tively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment. The blood testosterone level was increased by 5. 11%, 37. 65%, and 123. 16% (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the control group, and increased by 28. 98%, 68. 92%, and 173. 85%, (P<0. 01) respectively, compared with the swimming rats without extract treatment. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that maca extract has effect to resist fatigue and enhance exercise capacity in rats. The mechanism is associated with reduced blood E2 , and increased noradrenaline and testosterone levels in the blood of rats.

Study on the Method of Microbial Limit Test for Preparation Liquid of Iron Sucrose Injection before Filtration and Sterilization / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of microbial limit test for liquid preparation of Iron sucrose injection before filtration and sterilization.METHODS:According to the microbial limit test in the 1005 and general rules 1006 of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (vol.Ⅴ),plate method and membrane filtration method were used to measure total number of aerobic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Bacillus subtilis,Candida albicans,Aspergillus niger) and total number of molds and yeasts (C.albicans,A.niger).The optimal test method was obtained by comparing the bacterial recoveries.RESULTS:By plate method,the recoveries of P aeruginosa and B.subtilis were 2％ and 5％.The test sample was diluted 10 times with pH 7.0 sodium chloride-peptone buffer solution,and the bacterial recoveries were in the range of 88％ to 96％;but he medium was dark in color.By membrane filtration method,without rinse solution,the bacterial recoveries in the range of 88％ to 95％.Add rinse solution,the bacterial recoveries were in the range of 91％ to 103％.After validated,the recoveries of menbrane filtration method with tlushing fluid ranged 50％-200 ％,which was in line with the requnements.CONCLUSIONS:The membrane filtration method established in this experiment has higher bacterial recovery rate than the plate method.The bacterial recoveries rate were higher after adding rinse solution,and no dark substance in the surface of filter membrane affect the accotmt.It can be used as the microbial limit test method for preparation liquid of Iron sucrose injection before filtration and sterilization.

Robotic thyroidectomy with central neck dissection using axillo-bilateral-breast approach: a comparison to open conventional approach / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate surgical outcomes and the feasibility of robotic thyroidectomy and central neck dissection (CND).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 40 patients of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma underwent total thyroidectomy (or lobectomy and isthmusectomy) and CND using the Da Vinci system through axillo-bilateral-breast approach in Jinan Military General Hospital of People's Liberation Army from February to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively (robotic group). Other forty patients of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma underwent total thyroidectomy (or lobectomy and isthmusectomy) and CND by open approach were selected as the control (open group). Cosmetic satisfaction was assessed after a month postoperation by the numerical score system. t-test and χ(2) test were used to compare the clinical characters, total operative time, intraoperative estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, number of lymph nodes removed, visual analogue scale for pain, postoperative complications, and cosmetic effect between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 80 patients were diagnosed of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. The total thyroidectomy (or lobectomy/isthmusectomy) with CND of 40 patients were successfully performed by da Vinci Si surgical system. The numbers of total thyroidectomy of robotic group and the open group were 36 and 37, respectively. The numbers of metastatic lymph nodes of robotic group and open group were 14 and 15, respectively. The operation time of the robotic group was (130±12) minutes, which was longer than that of open group (98±11) minutes (t=12.432, P<0.05). The study showed statistical significant difference between the two groups regarding the visual analog scale pain assessment (1.9±0.9 vs.3.9±1.1, t=8.900, P<0.05). There were no statistical significant difference of intraoperative estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, number of lymph nodes removed, and the complication rate between the 2 groups.Postoperative cosmetic result was more satisfying on the robotic group (9.1±0.5) than open group (4.8±1.5) (t=17.200, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The robotic total thyroidectomy (or lobectomy and isthmusectomy) and CND has similar surgery safety and feasibility as open procedures. The robotic thyroidectomy is a good alternative surgical modality for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma who wish to avoid neck scars.</p>

Development of Job Burden-capital Model of Occupational Stress: An Exploratory Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

This study proposes a new framework as job burden-capital model for comprehensive assessment on occupational stress. 1618 valid samples were recruited from electronic manufacturing service industry in Hunan province by self-rated questionnaires after written consent. Structural equation model analysis was employed to verify the model by the data collected. The final fitting model has satisfactory fitting goodness (CMIN/DF=5.78, AGFI=0.937, NNFI=0.960, IFI=0.968, RMSEA=0.054). Both of the measurement model and structural model have acceptable path loadings. Job burden and capital could either directly affect occupational outcomes or indirectly influence them through personality. Multi-group structural equation model analyses indicate general applicability of the model to the basic features of such population. The job burden-capital model opens up new horizons for more in-depth study on occupational stress.

Clinical significance of monitoring coagulation- and fibrinolysis-related indexes during catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the patterns of changes in serum levels of of D-dimer, fibrinogen (FIB) and fibrin degradation product (FDP) during catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in patients with acute lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and explore their clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June, 2014 to June, 2015, 50 patients with acute lower-extremity DVT received CDT. The serum concentrations of D-dimer, FIB and FDP were measured before, during and after CDT in all the subjects, with 50 healthy subjects serving as the control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the patients in DVT group showed significantly increased serum levels of D-dimer (29.17±38.67 vs 0.21 ±0.27 µg/mL), FIB (3.66±0.95 vs 3.32±0.65 g/L) and FDP (76.14±131.48 vs 1.08±0.73 µg/mL) before CDT (P<0.05). Based on the effect of CDT, the patients with DVT were divided into recanalization group (n=34) and failed recanalization group (n=16), and the patients with recanalization had significantly increased serum concentration of D-dimer and FDP (P<0.05) and decreased FIB level (P<0.05) compared with those with failed recanalization at 24 h of CDT. D-dimer, FDP, and FIB showed no significant changes in the patients with failed recanalization after the procedure (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum D-dimer (r=0.66, P<0.05) and FDP (r=0.50, P<0.05) at 24 h of the procedure were positively correlated with the outcomes of CDT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum levels of D-dimer, FIB and FDP are important indicators for evaluating and predicting the effectiveness of CDT in patients with acute DVT.</p>

Clinicopathological analysis on mercury poisoning-associated nephritic syndrome / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and therapeutic approach for mercury poisoningassociated nephritic syndrome. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data of 9 patients diagnosed with mercury poisoningassociated nephritic syndrome were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 9 cases,2 cases were mercury smelters,1 case was instrument production worker,1 case was traditional Chinese medicine preparation worker,4 cases were psoriasis treated by folk prescription of traditional Chinese medicine,and 1 case used cosmetics for whitening and freckle removal. All cases showed clinical manifestation of nephritic syndrome that included large amount of proteinuria,hypoalbuminemia,edema and hyperlipidemia. The concentrations of urine mercury in the patients were from 0. 09 to 0. 75 mg / L before treatment.Pathology examination on renal biopsy showed that there were 4 cases of minimal change nephropathy and 5 cases of membranous nephropathy at stage Ⅰ. The patients with nephritic syndrome were cured after mercury driving and treatment with corticosteroid. CONCLUSION: The kidney histopathology changes in patients with mercury poisoning-associated nephritic syndrome are primarily characterized by minimal change and membranous nephropathy. The mercury driving combined treatment with corticosteroid can completely relieve the clinical symptoms of the patients with mercury poisoningassociated nephritic syndrome.

How Work Organization Affects the Prevalence of WMSDs: A Case-control Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this study, we aimed at exploring the association between work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and work organization based on a case-control study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1938 workers who claimed to suffer from WMSDs were selected from Beijing, Henan, Hubei, and the Guangdong province. The control group consisted of 2009 workers employed in similar industries without severe disease or musculoskeletal discomforts. We used a modified version of the questionnaire developed by the NMQ and the DMQ to investigate individual and work-related factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 13 variables (P<0.1) were selected by the chi-square test and finally, 7 variables entered into the equation, with 6 variables reaching statistical significance (P<0.05). The odds ratios (OR) of 'work changing with season' and 'sufficient rest time' did not reach 1 (0.749 and 0.441, respectively). In addition, 'sufficient rest time' seemed to be the stronger protective factor according to its higher standardized coefficient. And 'repetitive work every minute', 'constantly repetitive work' (every day), 'shortage of site personnel', and 'often switching shifts with others' seemed to be the risk factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Work organization may have comprehensive effects on the occurrence of WMSDs. This pattern of associations suggests that further investigation into the mechanism of how work organization affects the prevalence of WMSDs is required.</p>

Submental versus platysma flap for the reconstruction of complex facial defects following resection of head and neck tumors

To compare the platysma flap with submental flap in terms of tumor and flap characteristics, operative properties and the functional outcomes. A total of 65 patients presented with tumors of head and neck and underwent curative tumor resection with different neck dissections at the Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology of China Medical University; from March 2005 to December 2012 were included in the study. After radical tumor excision and neck dissection the resultant complex defects were reconstructed with either platysma flap or the submental flap. The extent of surgical resection, the type of neck dissection and choice of flap reconstruction was at the discretion of the surgical team. The functional outcomes, operative time and characteristics of both platysma and submental flaps were compared and the statistical tests of significance were applied accordingly. The mean age was 60 years. The complex facial defects of 30 patients were reconstructed with platysma flap and of 35 patients with submental flap. Mean operation time of submental flap including flap harvesting [5.58 +/- 1.96hrs] was shorter than platysma flap [6.2 +/- 1.4hrs]. The majority of the flaps [88-93%] were taken successfully in both groups. Submental flap was associated with significantly higher patients' satisfaction regarding acceptable functional outcomes [p-value 0.027]. The mean reduction in mouth opening was significantly smaller in platysma group [0.37 +/- 0.18cms] than the submental group [0.47 +/- 0.16]. This study demonstrates that both platysma and submental flap techniques can be used for the reconstruction of complex facial defects with the acceptable functional outcome. The platysma flap can be harvested to medium size defects up to 70cm2 with good mouth opening. The submental flap is simpler, faster with a wider range of application and more acceptable functional outcomes

Evidence-based study of chromate exposed workers' health surveillance indexes / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The health surveillance proposal for chromate exposed workers was provided and analyzed on the evidence-based study and then to be improved.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Firstly, the related literatures were searched about liver damage, micronuclei, urinary chromium and hexavalent chromium exposure in Evidence Based Medicine Reviews such as Cochran library, OVID Medline, Web of knowledge in December 2011; and then, these literatures were reviewed in according to inclusion and exclusion criteria; 22 articles totally were retrieved, evaluated and classified in according to the grading standard by Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine.Finally, field epidemiological investigation was further adopted to confirm the efficiency and feasibility of this proposal, combined with cost-effectiveness analysis:the ratio of total cost divided survival years was used to express the cost-effectiveness.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Only the glutamic pyruvic transaminase test could not reflect liver damage caused by chromate exposure well; Urinary chromium correlated well with the index reflecting body damage caused by chromate exposure; Binucleated cells micronucleus index in peripheral blood lymphocyte could reflect the genetic damage caused by chromate exposure. As for health economic evaluation of chromate lung cancer, the value of cost/effectiveness was ¥42 321.61 per year that was far below the value of common people (¥252 868.97 per year) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was suggested that serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase test should be replaced by liver function test, urinary chromium should be classified as a compulsory index and binucleated cells micronucleus index in peripheral blood lymphocyte should be supplied as a recommended index.</p>

Assessment of quality of life of oral cancer patients after reconstruction with radial forearm free flaps / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the quality of life in patients who had resection of oral cancer and reconstruction by radial forearm free flaps.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Quality of life of 49 patients was assessed by means of the 14-item oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) and the medical outcomes study-short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires 12 months after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-one questionnaires were collected (84%). SF-36: the highest-scoring domain were physical role (92.9 ± 2.6) and bodily pain (82.6 ± 5.7), the lowest-scoring domain were vitality (61.5 ± 9.1), followed by role emotion (64.9 ± 6.8) and social functioning (65.2 ± 8.2). OHIP-14: the best-scoring domain were handicap (37.1 ± 15.1) and psychological disability (45.7 ± 11.9), the best-scoring domain were physical pain (64.2 ± 11.7) and functional limitation (61.9 ± 12.9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Radial forearm free flaps for reconstruction of oral defects after cancer resection could significantly influence the patients' quality of life.</p>

Co-effect of Demand-control-support model and effort-reward imbalance model on depression risk estimation in humans: findings from Henan Province of China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the co-effect of Demand-control-support (DCS) model and Effort-reward Imbalance (ERI) model on the risk estimation of depression in humans in comparison with the effects when they are used respectively.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 3 632 males and 1 706 females from 13 factories and companies in Henan province were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Job Content Questionnaire and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (Chinese version). Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DC (demands/job control ratio) and ERI were shown to be independently associated with depressive symptoms. The outcome of low social support and overcommitment were similar. High DC and low social support (SS), high ERI and high overcommitment, and high DC and high ERI posed greater risks of depressive symptoms than each of them did alone. ERI model and SS model seem to be effective in estimating the risk of depressive symptoms if they are used respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The DC had better performance when it was used in combination with low SS. The effect on physical demands was better than on psychological demands. The combination of DCS and ERI models could improve the risk estimate of depressive symptoms in humans.</p>