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1.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 62(1): 90-99, jun, 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1381302

RESUMO

Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas suelen presentar una evolución crónica y se caracterizan por producir discapacidad física y mental a quienes las padecen, siendo asociadas a la estigmatización social. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 182 pacientes con enfermedades tropicales en regiones endémicas para leishmania, enfermedad de Chagas, filariasis linfática, oncocercosis, dengue y parasitosis intestinales; con el fin de evaluar la salud mental comunitaria, aplicando las tecnologias de información y comunicación (TIC), mediante el uso de telefónos móviles y telefonía fija. Se aplicó una encuesta para valorar el conocimiento y disposición de los pacientes respecto a las TIC, se valoró la salud mental calificada y la percibida por los pacientes mediante una escala de Likert. A partir de la calificación de la salud mental comunitaria se asociaron los estigmas sobre las enfermedades endémicas y luego se aplicó una encuesta para conocer la percepción de los pacientes, respecto a la influencia de los estigmas en la salud mental comunitaria. La mayor proporción de los participantes coincidieron en ser evaluados por parte del personal de salud, mediante herramientas de TIC y manifestaron tener problemas emocionales. Asimismo, el rechazo social como las secuelas de la enfermedad resultaron ser las manifestaciones más frecuentes de los participantes. En conclusión, el empleo de las TIC, en el área de salud mental comunitaria, supone un avance importante en el intercambio de información entre terapeutas y pacientes con enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, contribuyendo a disminuir el estigma social al que se ven sometidos y reestablecer su bienestar mental(AU)


Neglected tropical diseases usually present a chronic evolution and are characterized by causing physical and mental disability to those who suffer from them, being associated with social stigmatization. A descriptive study was carried out in 182 patients with tropical diseases in endemic regions for leishmania, Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, dengue and intestinal parasites; in order to assess community mental health, applying information and communication technologies (ICT), through the use of mobile phones and landlines. A survey was applied to assess the knowledge and disposition of the patients regarding ICT, the qualified mental health and that perceived by the patients was assessed using a Likert scale. From the qualification of community mental health, stigmas about endemic diseases were associated and then a survey was applied to know the perception of patients regarding the influence of stigmas in community mental health. The largest proportion of the participants agreed to be evaluated by health personnel, using ICT tools, and reported having emotional problems. Likewise, social rejection as the sequelae of the disease turned out to be the most frequent manifestations of the participants. In conclusion, the use of ICTs in the area of community mental health represents an important advance in the exchange of information between therapists and patients with neglected tropical diseases, helping to reduce the social stigma to which they are subjected and reestablish their mental health(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Mental , Doenças Transmissíveis , Tecnologia da Informação , Doenças Negligenciadas/epidemiologia , Uso do Telefone Celular , Tuberculose , Filariose Linfática , Leishmaniose , Inquéritos e Questionários , Doença de Chagas , Dengue , Estigma Social , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Malária
2.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 62(5): 1110-1115, 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1435129

RESUMO

La actual propuesta metodológica se enmarca en los dos primeros objetivos del Plan Nacional de la Lucha contra el Dengue, que son promover, coordinar y facilitar la implementación de estrategias eficaces y oportunas para el control y tratamiento del dengue, con especial énfasis en las zonas geográficas del país que presentan alto riesgo potencial epidémico de dicha enfermedad, y gestionar la cooperación técnica destinada al control y manejo del dengue. En la fase inicial, se determinaron las actividades y variables sensibles a monitoreo, en base a los objetivos e indicadores identificados dentro del marco técnico y normativo vigente en el Perú y el marco sanitario establecido por la OMS, correspondientes a la vigilancia, prevención y control, pero, además, a la promoción de prácticas saludables. Luego, se definieron los requerimientos no funcionales de la plataforma de monitoreo para el desarrollo de un aplicativo accesible a través de un navegador en cualquier dispositivo con acceso a internet, a ser alojado en la plataforma de Cloud Computing. Posteriomente, se realizó el flujograma para el monitoreo de la clasificación de escenarios epidemiológicos y estratificación de riesgo entomológico de las enfermedades transmitidas por el Aedes aegypti. Finalmente, tanto la estratificación de riesgo como los indicadores obtenidos en cada localidad son escalados a la unidad notificante, encarcada de la ratificación, análisis y toma de desiciones jurisdiccionales. Se realizó una prueba piloto en 50 distritos de la jurisdicción de Lima Metropolitana. Se encontró que once distritos fueron estratificados en escenario II, y cuatro distritos en escenario III(AU)


The current methodological proposal is part of the first two objectives of the National Plan to Fight Dengue, which are to promote, coordinate and facilitate the implementation of effective and timely strategies for the control and treatment of dengue, with special emphasis on geographical areas. of the country that present a high potential epidemic risk of this disease and manage technical cooperation for the control and management of dengue. In the initial phase, the activities and variables sensitive to monitoring were determined, based on the objectives and indicators identified within the technical and regulatory framework in force in Peru and the health framework established by the WHO, corresponding to surveillance, prevention, and control; but also, to the promotion of healthy practices. Then, the non-functional requirements of the monitoring platform were defined for the development of an application accessible through a browser on any device with Internet access, to be hosted on the Cloud Computing platform. Subsequently, the flowchart was made to monitor the classification of epidemiological scenarios and entomological risk stratification of diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Finally, both the risk stratification and the indicators obtained in each locality are escalated to the notifying unit, in charge of the ratification, analysis and making of jurisdictional decisions. A pilot test was carried out in 50 districts of the jurisdiction of Metropolitan Lima. It was found that eleven districts were stratified in stage II, and four districts in stage III(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estratégias de Saúde Nacionais , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Aedes , Dengue/epidemiologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Peru/epidemiologia , Software , Projetos Piloto , Monitoramento Ambiental/legislação & jurisprudência , Medição de Risco , Dengue/prevenção & controle
3.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 62(3): 573-582, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1397755

RESUMO

El enfoque por competencias se ha venido aplicando en todo el sector educativo, y ha tomado el rumbo universitario donde ha pisado fuertemente. Esto se debe a las ofertas de trabajo en donde las competencias son de carácter esencial. El enfoque por competencia ha logrado reorientar la formación profesional desde la elaboración de los perfiles de ingreso, de egreso, diseños curriculares, estrategias metodológicas y sistema de evaluación que son distintos a los enfoques tradicionales. Es por ello que, la gerencia online se perfila como herramienta novedosa que podría la problemática de la presencialidad en estos tiempos coyunturales que se vive, no solamente por efectos de pandemias, como el coronavirus, sino también por la dinámica de la sociedad actual. Como la gestión de la educación es una realidad que requiere de competencias, entonces se estaría hablando de las competencias digitales, para poder asumir el reto y la realidad de poder gerenciar de manera virtual u online. Por otra parte, el desarrollo de las competencias primarias unidas hoy en día con las competencias digitales ha hecho que ciertas disciplinas científicas hayan logrado avances significativos, y una de ellas son las enfermedades epidemiológicas asociadas a las enfermedades tropicales. En este trabajo se establecen y asignas las competencias necesarias para enfrentar las enfermedades infecciosas tropicales, y además se evalúa el efecto de la gerencia online en este mismo sector. Los resultados demostraron que el sistema peruano se encuentra preparado para estos nuevos retos, y se acepta la participación de las nuevas tecnologías digitales(AU)


The competency-based approach has been applied throughout the educational sector, and has taken the university course where it has stepped strongly. This is due to job offers where skills are essential. The competency-based approach has managed to reorient professional training from the preparation of entry and exit profiles, curricular designs, methodological strategies and evaluation systems that are different from traditional approaches. That is why online management is emerging as a novel tool that could address the problem of attendance in these current times, not only due to the effects of pandemics, such as the coronavirus, but also due to the dynamics of today's society. As the management of education is a reality that requires skills, then we would be talking about digital skills, to be able to take on the challenge and the reality of being able to manage virtually or online. On the other hand, the development of primary skills combined today with digital skills has meant that certain scientific disciplines have made significant progress, and one of them is the epidemiological diseases associated with tropical diseases. In this work, the necessary skills to face tropical infectious diseases are established and assigned, and the effect of online management in this same sector is also evaluated. The results showed that the Peruvian system is prepared for these new challenges, and the participation of new digital technologies is accepted(AU)


Assuntos
Medicina Tropical , Universidades , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Capacitação Profissional , Saúde Pública , Epidemiologia , Educação Baseada em Competências , Educação a Distância
4.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 61(4): 717-724, dic. 2021. ilus., tab.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1397901

RESUMO

El cierre de universidades, generado por la pandemia de la COVID-19, ha llevado a los países del mundo entero a enfrentar el desafío de la educación remota de emergencia. En latinoamérica, las acciones implementadas para prevenir la propagación del virus obligaron a los ministerios de Educación de la región al cierre de los centros educativos, dejando en marzo de 2020 más de 165 millones de estudiantes sin educación presencial. A partir de las realidades expuestas, una educación 4.0 que promueve al aprendizaje no sólo de habilidades y conocimientos. Bajo el modelo pedagógico aula inversa presencial y a distancia, se evaluo el aprendizaje autodirigido global y por dominios, sobre sobre las enfermedades infectocontagiosas y precauciones de aislamiento en la atención hospitalaria, en los estudiantes universitarios de enfermería, se valoran por los dominios de la Escala de Preparación para el Aprendizaje Autodirigido. De 144, estudiantes la edad fue de 21,73± 1,27 años, para ambos grupos AIP y AID, de los cuales, el 61,81% (n=89) son del sexo femenino, la EPAD para AIP fue de 3,64 ± 0,84 y para AIP de 3,89± 0,93 y un el alfa de Cronbach de 0,89. El nivel de aprendizaje autodirigido de los estudiantes en un aula invertida en ambas modalidades fue similar, se explica porque de la enseñanza interactiva, sincrónica y orientada a la resolución de problemas, y desarrollar las habilidades blandas son capacidades comunicativas, de trabajo en equipo, adaptabilidad, empatía, proactividad, autocrítica y flexibilidad frente a situaciones cambiantes(AU)


The closure of universities, generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has led countries around the world to face the challenge of emergency remote education. In Latin America, the actions implemented to prevent the spread of the virus forced the Ministries of Education in the region to close educational centers, leaving in March 2020 more than 165 million students without face-to-face education. Based on the exposed realities, a 4.0 education that promotes learning not only of skills and knowledge. Under the face-to-face and distance learning inverse classroom pedagogical model, global and domain self-directed learning was evaluated on infectious and contagious diseases and isolation precautions in hospital care, in ursing university students, the domains of the Scale were evaluated. Preparation for Self-Directed Learning. Of 144 students, the age was 21.73± 1.27 years, for both AIP and AID groups, of which 61.81% (n=89) were female, the EPAD for AIP was 3 0.64 ± 0.84 and for AIP 3.89 ± 0.93 and Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. The level of self-directed learning of the students in a flipped classroom in both modalities was similar, it is explained because of the interactive, synchronous and problem-solving oriented teaching, and the development of soft skills are communicative abilities, teamwork, adaptability, empathy, proactivity, self-criticism and flexibility in the face of changing situations(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Educação a Distância/métodos , Educação em Enfermagem/métodos , Autoaprendizagem como Assunto , COVID-19 , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Universidades , Preparação em Desastres , Emergências , América Latina
5.
Rev. biol. trop ; 69(2)jun. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1387635

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: The organoleptic qualities of aromatic species and their derived products are directly related to some characteristics of flavor, color and nutritional value and depend largely on their genetic origin and content of secondary metabolites. Objective: The antioxidant activity of different genotypes of Theobroma spp. from Mexico was evaluated in order to distinguish promising qualities for genetic improvement, and to differentiate phylogenetic traits, considering biochemical variables. Methods: The amount of phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS and DDPH, in addition to the content of anthocyanins, theobromine and caffeine in four species of Theobroma L., and 50 genotypes derived from T. cacao. The results were analyzed using an analysis of variance, means test, principal component analysis and cladistic analysis. Results: There are highly significant differences between genotypes. The phenol content ranged from 7.5-85 mg g-1; flavonoids 6.57-69.6 mg g-1, antioxidant activity by ABTS of 17.3-86.1 and by DDPH of 40.0-53.3; anthocyanin content of 0.01-3, caffeine of 1.8-6.7-and theobromine of 2.9-9.8 mg g-1. Principal component and cladistic analysis helped explain the variation found and distinguish evolutionary characters and phylogenetic brotherhoods. The variation in content of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, theobromine and caffeine was mainly due to the degree of domestication, while for the group of genotypes derived from T. cacao (forastero, trinitario and criollo) it was the origin of the seeds. Conclusions: The degree of domestication influences the content of phenols and antioxidant capacity. The results suggest that the evaluated variables can help to form criteria for genetic improvement in the complex derived from T. cacao oriented to the selection of higher phenol content and greater antioxidant activity.


Resumen Introducción: Las cualidades organolépticas de las especies aromáticas y sus productos derivados se relacionan directamente con algunas características del sabor, color y valor nutricional y dependen en gran medida de su origen genético y contenido de metabolitos secundarios. Objetivo: Se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de diferentes genotipos de Theobroma spp. de México, con el fin de distinguir cualidades promisorias para el mejoramiento genético, y diferenciar rasgos filogenéticos, considerando variables bioquímicas. Métodos: Se determinó la cantidad de fenoles, flavonoides y actividad antioxidante mediante ABTS y DDPH, además de contenido de antocianinas, teobromina y cafeína en cuatro especies de Theobroma L., y 50 genotipos derivados de T. cacao. Resultados: Los resultados fueron analizados mediante un análisis de varianza, prueba de medias, análisis de componentes principales y análisis cladístico. Existen diferencias altamente significativas entre genotipos. El contenido de fenoles varió de 7.5-85 mg g-1; flavonoides 6.57-69.6-mg g-1, actividad antioxidante por ABTS de 17.3-86.1 y por DDPH de 40.0-53.3; el contenido de antocianinas de 0.01-3, cafeína de 1.8-6.7 y teobromina de 2.9-9.8 mg g-1. El análisis de componentes principales y cladístico ayudó a explicar la variación encontrada y distinguir caracteres evolutivos y hermandades filogenéticas. La variación en contenido de fenoles, flavonoides, actividad antioxidante, antocianinas, teobromina y cafeína estuvo dada principalmente por el grado de domesticación, mientras que para el grupo de genotipos derivados de T. cacao (forastero, trinitario y criollo) fue el origen de las semillas. Conclusión: El grado de domesticación influye en el contenido de fenoles y actividad antioxidante. Los resultados sugieren que las variables evaluadas pueden ayudar a formar criterios para el mejoramiento genético en el complejo derivado de T. cacao orientado a la selección de mayor contenido de fenoles y mayor actividad antioxidante.


Assuntos
Malvaceae , Antioxidantes
6.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 61(2): 307-317, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1411853

RESUMO

El constante avance tecnológico ha permitido la evolución de la práctica médica, generando el concepto denominado salud digital, que consiste en incorporar las tecnologías de información y comunicación a los productos, servicios y procesos de atención sanitaria. Una de las herramientas que permiten este avance es la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), una rama de la informática que desarrolla algoritmos capaces de aprender de los datos y utilizar lo aprendido en la toma de decisiones tal y como lo haría un ser humano. Este estudio se identifica cómo la investigación, las decisiones de diagnóstico, el tratamiento en pacientes y la planificación para la prevención y control de la salud están siendo optimizados gracias a la implementación de la IA, mostrando análisis cuantitativos al nivel de interés y aplicación asociado a estos cuatro procesos con respecto a las enfermedades que más afectan a la población de Perú y Latinoamérica(AU)


The constant technological advance has allowed the evolution of medical practice, generating the concept digital health, which consists of incorporating information and communication technologies into health care products, services and processes. One of the tools that allow this advance is Artificial Intelligence (AI), a branch of computing that develops algorithms capable of learning from data and using what they have learned in decision-making just as a human being would. This study identifies how research, diagnostic decisions, patient treatment and planning for prevention and health control are being optimized thanks to the implementation of AI, showing quantitative analysis at the level of interest and application associated with these four processes with respect to the diseases that most affect the population of Peru and Latin America(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Inteligência Artificial , Telemedicina , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Acesso a Medicamentos Essenciais e Tecnologias em Saúde
7.
Rev. invest. clín ; 72(2): 95-102, Mar.-Apr. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251840

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background: Cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) appear decades before developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence and association between CMRFs and kidney function in apparently healthy young adults (18-25 years old). Methods: We included 5531 freshman year students. Data collected on CMRFs included central obesity, high body mass index (hBMI >25), blood pressure, glycemia, lipids, uric acid (UA >6.8 mg/dL), and insulin. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration formula. We used logistic regression and a log linear for odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence level) and probabilities. Results: The presence of any CMRF was observed in 78% (4312) of individuals; GFR ≥120/130 mL/min/1.73 m2sc was found in 33%, GFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2sc in 3%, and proteinuria in 3%. Factors associated with high GFR were hBMI (OR 1.3 [1.14, 1.47]), UA (OR 0.2 [0.15, 0.26]), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.4 [1.2, 1.6]), and insulin resistance (OR 1.3 [1.05, 1.7]). CMRF associated with low GFR was UA (OR 1.8 [1.3, 2.6]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.66 [1.05, 2.6]), and proteinuria (OR 3.4 [2.07, 5.7]). Proteinuria was associated with high UA (OR 1.59 [1.01, 2.5]) and hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.8 [1.03, 3.18]). The sole presence of hBMI+UA predicted low GFR with p = 0.6 and hBMI+UA+low HDL predicted proteinuria with p = 0.55. Conclusions: CMRFs were highly prevalent among this freshman student population and were associated with proteinuria and GFR abnormalities. Future studies should focus on public health programs to prevent or delay the development of CKD.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Estudos Transversais , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Rim/fisiopatologia
8.
Rev. adm. pública (Online) ; 51(3): 348-368, mai.-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-897220

RESUMO

Este artigo analisa a produção social do transporte coletivo urbano rodoviário de Porto Alegre tendo como referência a teoria da produção social (TPS) proposta por Carlos Matus, que explica como a realidade social é produzida por atores que atuam sob condicionamentos e restrições. O estudo analisa interpretativamente dados secundários a partir das categorias da TPS. Considerando os fatos sociais que resultaram em acumulações e na alteração da regra do jogo, bem como os atores sociais envolvidos, sua motivação e recursos que mobilizam, evidencia-se a relevância das ações do Bloco de Lutas pelo Transporte Público no processo de produção social analisado. Destacam-se, também, as contribuições da TPS para analisar as políticas públicas como parte de um processo de interação entre atores sociais, localizados no aparelho de Estado e fora dele.


Ese artículo analiza la producción social del transporte colectivo urbano por autobuses en Porto Alegre tomando como referencia la teoría de la producción social (TPS) propuesta por Carlos Matus, que explica como la realidad social es producida por actores que actúan bajo condicionamientos y restricciones. El estudio analiza interpretativamente datos secundarios a partir de las categorías de la TPS. Considerando los hechos sociales que resultaran en acumulaciones y en la alteración de la regla del juego, así como los actores involucrados, sus motivaciones y los recursos que movilizan, el trabajo evidencia la relevancia de las acciones del Bloque de Luchas por el Transporte Público en el proceso de producción social analizado. Destaca, también, las contribuciones de la TPS para analizar políticas públicas como parte de un proceso de interacción entre actores sociales, localizados en el aparato del Estado y fuera de él.


This paper analyses the social production of the public bus service in Porto Alegre, taking the Theory of Social Production (TSP) by Carlos Matus as reference. TSP explains how social reality is produced by actors acting under certain conditions and restrictions. Secondary data is interpretatively analyzed using categories from TSP. Considering social facts that resulted in accumulations and changes to the rules of the game, as well as the social actors involved, their motivations and the resources they mobilize, the study demonstrates the relevance of the Public Transport Struggle Front in the process of social production under analysis. It also highlights the contributions of TSP in the analysis of public policies as part of a process of interaction between social actors, located both within and outside the State apparatus.


Assuntos
Humanos , Teoria Social
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(3): 932-936, set. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-694981

RESUMO

Most of the neotropical bats reproduce in a seasonal fashion. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in testicular tissue by morphometry, in Tadarida brasiliensis bat, in a south urban zone of Mexico City during summer, autumn, and winter. Three sample collections (February, June, and September) from T. brasiliensis were carried out (n=6). Testicle fragments were obtained for histological studies. Diameter of the seminiferous tubules and interstitial space were measured, cellular populations were identified and counted. June samples showed smaller diameter of seminiferous tubules and larger interstitial space between tubules; also there were less number of germinal epithelium cells and spermatids were absent. Tissues from September and February showed a significant increase (p 0.05) in tubule diameter, germinal epithelium thickness, and number of germinal epithelium cells when compared to June samples. Only February samples showed presence of spermatids. Our results suggest the existence of seasonal variations in the reproductive activity of T. brasiliensis, under conditions in which the study was conducted.


La mayoría de los murciélagos neotropicales se reproducen de manera estacional. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los cambios morfométricos en el parénquima testicular del murciélago Tadarida brasiliensis que habita en un área urbana del sur de la Ciudad de México durante las estaciones de verano, otoño e invierno. Se obtuvieron fragmentos de tejido testicular para su estudio histológico. Se midió el diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos y el espacio interstisial y se identificaron y contaron distintos tipos celulares. En las muestras de junio se encontró un menor diámetro de los túbulos seminíferos y un mayor espacio intersticial entre los túbulos; también hubo un menor número de células del epitelio germinal y no hubo presencia de espermátides. En las muestras de tejido obtenidas en el mes de septiembre y febrero se observó un incremento significativo en el diámetro del túbulo, grosor del epitelio germinal y número de células del epitelio germinal cuando fueron comparadas con las muestras de junio (p 0.05). Solo en las muestras de febrero hubo presencia de espermátides. En conjunto, nuestros resultados sugieren la existencia de variaciones estacionales en la actividad reproductiva de T. brasiliensis, bajo las condiciones en que se realizó el estudio.


Assuntos
Animais , Quirópteros/anatomia & histologia , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , México , Estações do Ano , Área Urbana
10.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 61(1): 13-19, Jan. 2011. ilus, graf, mapas
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-659094

RESUMO

La investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar el impacto del conocimiento tecnológico, obtenido mediante Escuelas de campo, sobre la disponibilidad alimentaria de campesinos indígenas pobres dedicados principalmente a la producción de maíz para autoconsumo en la región Cuicateca de Oaxaca, México. Las variables analizadas fueron: 1) Nivel de conocimiento tecnológico; 2) Rendimientos de Maíz y 3) Tiempo en que la última cosecha, de maíz, abastece las necesidades alimenticias de los campesinos referidos (un indicador proxi de disponibilidad alimentaria). A una muestra aleatoria de 36 participantes en Escuelas de campo y un grupo testigo de igual tamaño se aplicaron cuestionarios al inicio y final del estudio. El análisis estadístico se realizó con las pruebas de contraste x2 de Pearson así como la de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y en virtud de no haberse comprobado una distribución normal, se aplicó la prueba de Wilcoxon para contrastar datos pareados, y finalmente se obtuvieron correlaciones. Se encontró que el aumento en el Nivel de conocimiento tecnológico de 7.29±1.01 a 46.64±18.40 no presenta correlación (P>0.05) con el tiempo en que la última cosecha, de maíz, abastece las necesidades alimenticias. Los resultados muestran que el incremento en el nivel de conocimiento tecnológico no aumenta la disponibilidad alimentaria de maíz.


This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of technological knowledge (acquired in Farmer Field Schools) on the availability of food for poor indigenous farmers, who are mainly dedicated to the production of maize for home consumption in the Cuicateca región, Oaxaca, Mexico. The variables analyzed were 1) Level of technological knowledge, 2) maize yield, and 3) time that the last maize harvest supplied the food needs of the farmers in question (a proxy indicator of food availability). A random sample of 36 participants in the rural training schools and a control group of the same size were given questionnaires at the beginning and end of their study. The statistical analysis was done using the Pearson x2 contrast test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. After finding that there was no normal distribution, the Wilcoxon test to contrast paired data was used, and finally, correlations were obtained. It was found that the increase in technological knowledge of 7.29±1.01 to 46.64±18.40 did not correlate (P>0.05) with the time that the last maize harvest lasted in providing food. The results show that the increase in technological knowledge does not increase availability of maize as food.


Assuntos
Humanos , Agricultura/métodos , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Tecnologia de Alimentos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , Zea mays , México , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 80(4): 215-228, oct.-dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-632014

RESUMO

Objetivos: Estandarizar un protocolo de adquisición para el estudio del metabolismo glucolítico, oxidativo y de perfusión miocárdicos en un modelo de rata. Métodos: Se realizaron estudios con los tres principales radiotrazadores usados para evaluar la función cardiaca: 18F-FDG para evaluar el metabolismo glucolítico en tres protocolos distintos; 1-11C-acetato para el metabolismo oxidativo y 13NH3 para la perfusión cardiaca. (18F-FDG)- cinco ratas Wistar macho en tres diferentes protocolos: con acceso a libre demanda de comida y agua; con ayuno de ocho horas y con ayuno de ocho horas más carga oral de glucosa al 50%. Se adquirieron imágenes del área torácica durante 30 minutos mediante microPET; 30 y 60 minutos post-administración de 370 - 555 MBq de 18F-FDG vía IP. (1-11C-acetato)- Se estudiaron ocho ratas. Cuatro estudios estáticos de 30 minutos y cuatro adquisiciones dinámicas de 30 minutos tras administración de 370 - 555 MBq de1-11C-acetato por vena caudal.(13NH3)- 10 estudios estáticos de 15 minutos después de una dosis IV de 370 - 555 MBq de 13NH3, bajo anestesia inhalada con isofluorano a 1.5% a 2%. Se realizó análisis comparativo y cualitativo de todas las imágenes obtenidas por dos médicos especialistas en el área y un análisis semi-cuantitativo mediante reconstrucciones 3D y selección de ROIs con el programa AMIDE en el caso de 18F-FDG. Resultados: Se determinó que las mejores imágenes para fines de evaluación metabólica del miocardio fueron las correspondientes a los 60 minutos post-administración de la 18F-FDG del protocolo sin ayuno. Se visualizó sin problemas el miocardio de rata de las imágenes estáticas con 1-11C-acetato, y mediante adquisición dinámica, se pudo apreciar la perfusión miocárdica. Las imágenes con 13NH3 permitieron observar una distribución homogénea del radiotrazador en los diferentes segmentos del ventrículo izquierdo en el eje corto, eje largo vertical y eje largo horizontal. Conclusiones: Se logró la estandarización de protocolos de adquisición de imágenes de los tres principales radiotrazadores utilizados para el estudio del metabolismo y perfusión cardiacos, en un modelo animal. Es factible establecer un protocolo válido para la valoración de perfusión, metabolismo glucolítico y oxidativo miocárdicos, con el fin de utilizarlo como punto de referencia para la evaluación de terapias génica, farmacológica o quirúrgica a nivel experimental.


Objective: To standardize an acquisition protocol for the study of myocardial glucolitic and oxidative metabolism and perfusion in a rat model. Methods: Studies were carried out with the three main radiopharmaceuticals used to assess heart function:[18F]-FDG for glucolitic metabolism; [1-11C]-acetate for oxidative metabolism and [13N]-NH3for myocardial perfusion.[18F]-FDG -Five Wistar adult male rats were studied in three different protocols: non-fasting group, fasting group,8 h before the study with water provided ad libitum, and a fasting group by the same time receiving an oral 50%-glucose solution. Thirty-minute scans were performed with a microPET Focus 120, 30 and 60 min after the administration of 370-555 MBq 18F-FDG. [1-11C]-Acetate -Eight rats were studied. Four static and four dynamic 30 min acquisitions after a 370-555 MBq of [1-11C]-acetate caudal vein administration.[13N]-NH3-Ten static studies were acquired 15 min post-administration of 370555 MBqof13NH3, under 1.5-2% isofluorane anesthesia. Comparative and visual analyses were performed by two experts in the field. A semi-quantitative analysis was performed using 3D reconstructions and ROI selections with AMIDE software. Results: The best images were those obtained from the non-fasting group, especially those taken at 60 min after the [18F]-FDG administration. High quality myocardial, static images were obtained with [1-11C]-acetate, and the dynamic acquisitions allowed the identification of myocardial perfusion. The 13NH3images showed a homogeneous distribution of the radiotracer in different segments of the short, long and horizontal axes in the left ventricle. Conclusions: It is possible to standardize the microPET acquisition protocols for the three main radiopharmaceuticals to evaluate the heart function in a rat model. It is feasible to establish a valid protocol for measuring glucolitic and oxidative myocardial metabolism and perfusion for gene, drug or surgical therapy assessment.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Acetatos , Circulação Coronária , Carbono , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Radioisótopos de Nitrogênio , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Amônia , Modelos Animais , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Ratos Wistar
12.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 59(3): 278-286, sept. 2009. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-588649

RESUMO

Evidence for the impact of micronutrient supplementation trials on depression in women from developing countries is limited. This study examines this association and compares the impact of weekly versus daily combinations of micronutrient supplements on symptoms of depression. A randomized, positive-controlled trial was conducted in Guatemala. A total of 459 women were assigned randomly to 4 groups to receive weekly (5,000 or 2,800µg) or daily (400 or 200 µg) folic acid (FA) plus iron, zinc and vitamin B-12 for 12 weeks. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression 20-item Scale (CES-D). A score=16 was used as an indication of depression. The association between micronutrient status and depression was assessed using baseline data. Generalized linear regression models were used to assess treatment effects. The baseline mean CES-D score was 17.1±8.5 and the prevalence of depression was 49.3 percent. Women in the lowest tertile of red blood cell folate (RBC) were 1.7 times more likely to be depressed than those in the highest tertile (OR=1.71; 95 percent CI: 0.91, 3.18). There were no associations between depression and serum folate, homocysteine, vitamin B-12, hemoglobin, ferritin or zinc (p > 0.05). Mean depression scores decreased by 2.3 points post-intervention and depression decreased to 37.7 percent, with no differences in degree of improvement by group (p = 0.64). Low RBC folate was associated with elevated symptoms of depression at baseline. Supplementation with FA-containing micronutrients may be equally efficacious in improving symptoms of depression when provided daily or weekly. Our findings that poor folate status may increase depression needs to be further investigated.


La evidencia del impacto de ensayos de suplementación con micronutrientes en mujeres con depresión en países en desarrollo es limitada. El presente estudio examina esta asociación y compara el impacto de varias combinaciones de micronutrientes proporcionadas de manera semanal o diaria en los síntomas de depresión, utilizando datos de un ensayo controlado (control positivo) y aleatorizado realizado en Guatemala. Un total de 459 mujeres fueron asignadas al azar entre cuatro grupos para recibir semanalmente (5.000 o 2.800 µg) o diariamente (400 o 200 µg) de ácido fólico (AF) combinado con hierro, cinc y vitamina B-12 durante 12 semanas. La depresión fue medida utilizando la escala de 20 ítems del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos de la Depresión (CES-D). Un puntaje =16 fue considerado indicativo de depresión. Se evaluó la asociación entre el nivel de micronutrientes en sangre y depresión utilizando datos provistos por la línea de base. Se utilizaron modelos de Regresión Linear Generalizada para evaluar los efectos del tratamiento. La media del puntaje de la línea de base CES-D fue de 17,1±8,5 y la prevalencia de depresión fue del 49,3 por ciento. Las mujeres en el tercil más bajo del folato eritrocitario presentaron 1,7 veces más probabilidades de estar deprimidas que aquellas en el tercil más alto (OR=1,71; 95 por ciento CI: 0,91, 3,18). No se encontró asociación entre depresión y folato sérico, homocisteína, vitamina B-12, hemoglobina, ferritina sérica o cinc (p>0,05). Los puntajes de depresión medios post-intervención disminuyeron en 2.3 puntos y la depresión se redujo a 37,7 por ciento, sin presentar diferencias en el grado de mejoría por grupo (p=0,64). En síntesis, el bajo nivel de folato eritrocitario se asoció a síntomas elevados depresivos en la línea de base. La suplementación con AF sumado a otros micronutrientes puede ser igualmente eficaz en la mejora de síntomas depresivos cuando provista diaria o semanalmente...


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Ácidos Pteroilpoliglutâmicos/administração & dosagem , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Micronutrientes/uso terapêutico , Guatemala
13.
Interciencia ; 34(8): 551-555, ago. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-630830

RESUMO

Se presentan resultados de una modificación sustancial aplicada a la metodología tradicional de escuelas campesinas (EC). El estudio da respuesta al objetivo específico de conocer el impacto del nivel de conocimiento tecnológico, otorgado mediante el método de las EC, sobre el índice de adopción de tecnología agrícola localmente validada en la región Cuicateca, Oaxaca, México, una de las regiones indígenas más pobres del país. Las variables analizadas fueron: índice de adopción inicial, nivel inicial de conocimientos, número de sesiones de EC, índice de adopción final y nivel final de conocimientos. A una muestra tomada en productores promotores, estrato inicialmente homogéneo respecto al nivel de conocimientos e índices de adopción, fueron implementados 25,27 ±3,14 sesiones de EC; mientras que a un grupo testigo, con las mismas características iniciales, no le fueron impartidas dichas sesiones. La hipótesis nula consistió en afirmar que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al índice de adopción final, atribuible al aumento en el nivel de conocimiento tecnológico. La prueba de hipótesis requirió de Anova y de correlaciones. El índice de adopción final de los participantes en las EC tuvo incrementos estadísticamente significativos respecto al inicial, debido al aumento en el nivel de conocimiento tecnológico. Se concluye que los campesinos con mayor participación en las EC tuvieron mayor conocimiento y adopción tecnológica.


Results produced by a significant modification made on the traditional method of farmer field schools are presented. The main objective was to assess the influence of the level of technological knowledge, provided by the farmer field schools method, on the adoption index for locally validated agricultural technologies. The study was carried out in the Cuicateca region, Oaxaca, Mexico, which is one of the poorest indigenous regions in the country. The analyzed variables included: initial adoption index, initial level of knowledge, number of sessions of farmer field schools, final adoption index, and final level of knowledge. On a sample taken from entrepreneurial farmers, an initially homogeneous stratum concerning knowledge level and adoption indexes, 25.27 ±3.14 sessions of farmer field schooling were implemented, while a control group with similar starting characteristics did not receive such school sessions. The null hypothesis was that there are no significant differences in the final adoption index attributable to an increase in the level of technological knowledge. Anovas and correlations were used to test the hypothesis. It is concluded that those peasants with a greater participation in the farmer field school activities acquired higher knowledge and technological adoption level than the rest of the farmers.


Apresentam-se resultados de uma modificação substancial aplicada à metodologia tradicional de escolas camponesas (EC). O estudo da resposta ao objetivo específico de conhecer o impacto do nível de conhecimento tecnológico, outorgado mediante o método das EC, sobre o índice de adoção de tecnologia agrícola localmente validada na região Cuicateca, Oaxaca, México, uma das regiões indígenas mais pobres do país. As variáveis analisadas foram: índice de adoção inicial, nível inicial de conhecimentos, número de sessões de EC, índice de adoção final e nível final de conhecimentos. A uma amostra colhida em produtores promotores, estrato inicialmente homogêneo relativo ao nível de conhecimentos e índices de adoção, foram implementadas 25,27 ±3,14 sessões de EC; enquanto que em um grupo testemunha, com as mesmas características iniciais, não foram aplicadas ditas sessões. A hipótese nula consistiu em afirmar que não existem diferenças estatísticamente significativas relativas ao índice de adoção final, atribuível ao aumento no nível de conhecimento tecnológico. A prova de hipótese requeriu de Anova e de correlações. O índice de adoção final dos participantes nas EC teve incrementos estatisticamente significativos relativos ao inicial, devido ao aumento no nível de conhecimento tecnológico. Conclui-se que os camponeses com maior participação nas EC tiveram maior conhecimento e adoção tecnológica.

14.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 7(1): 10-27, abr. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635943

RESUMO

The objective of the present qualitative study was to analyze the morphological aspects of the inner cerebral anatomy of two species of primates, using magnetic resonance images (MRI): spider monkey (A. geoffroyi) and human (H. sapiens), on the basis of a comparative study of the cerebral structures of the two species, focusing upon the brain of the spider monkey and, primarily, its limbic system. In spite of being an endemic Western hemisphere species, a fact which is by its own right interesting for research due to this animal’s social organization and motor functions, the spider monkey (A. geoffroyi) has hardly been studied in regard to its neuroanatomy. MRI was carried out, in one spider monkey, employing a General Electric Signa 1.5 T scanner. This investigation was carried in accordance to international regulations for the protection of animals in captivity, taking into account all protective means utilized in experimental handling, and not leaving behind any residual effects, either physiological or behavioral. From a qualitative point of view, the brains of the spider monkey and the human were found to have similar structures. In reference to shape, the most similar structures were found in the limbic system; proportionally, however, cervi cal curvature, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior commissure and the colliculi, were larger in the spider monkey than in the human.


El objetivo del presente estudio cualitativo fue analizar los aspectos morfológicos de la anatomía cerebral interna utilizando imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM) en dos especies de primates, El mono Araña (A. geoffroyi) y el humano (H. sapiens), tomando como base un estudio comparativo de las estructuras cerebrales de las dos especies, concentrándose primordialmente en el sistema límbico del cerebro del mono araña. Aunque es una especie común en el hemisferio occidental, es interesante para estudiar dada su organización social y funciones motoras, el mono araña (A. geoffroyi) ha sido poco estudiado en cuanto a su neuroanatomía. Las IRM fueron hechas a un mono araña utilizando un resonador General Electrics Signa 1.5 T. Esta investigación se llevo a cabo conforme a las leyes internacionales para la protección de animales en cautiverio y teniendo en cuenta todas las medidas de protección para el manejo experimental para evitar cualquier efecto residual de índole comportamental o fisiológico. Desde un punto de vista cualitativo, los cerebros del mono araña y el humano tenían estructuras similares. Con respecto a la forma, las estructuras más parecidas fueron encontradas en el sistema límbico, sin embargo la curvatura cervical, la amígdala, el hipocampo, la comisura anterior y el colículo fueron más grandes proporcionalmente en el mono araña que en el humano.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Tonsila do Cerebelo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Hipocampo , Sistema Límbico , Neuroanatomia
15.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 78(1): 11-18, ene.-mar. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-567787

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To standarize an acquisition protocol for the study of myocardial metabolism in adult rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three Wistar adult male rats were studied in three different protocols: no fasting group, fasting group over a period of 12 hr before the study with only water provided ad libitum, and fasting group by the same time receiving an oral 50% glucose solution. Thirty-minute acquisition images were obtained with a micro-PET, thirty and sixty minutes after the administration of 370-555 MBq 18F-FDG. Comparative and visual analysis were performed by two experts in the field. RESULTS: Eigtheen studies were analyzed, six per group. The best images were those of the first group, especially those taken at 60 minutes after the 18F-FDG administration. CONCLUSION: It is possible to establish the non-fasting protocol for the assessment of myocardial metabolism to be used in the future for the myocardial viability evaluation in ischemic cardiopathy.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Coração , Miocárdio , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , México , Ratos Wistar
16.
Rev. adm. pública ; 42(1): 109-131, jan.-fev. 2008. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-480048

RESUMO

Os modelos de gestão de recursos hídricos têm sofrido transformações em vários países, tornando-se cada vez mais complexos. O sistema adotado pela legislação brasileira é caracterizado por descentralização, planejamento por bacias, utilização de instrumentos normativos e econômicos, e participação da sociedade. Assumindo como situação problemática a participação de atores com interesses distintos no planejamento da bacia, este artigo analisa o processo participativo no Comitê Lago Guaíba como parte integrante do Sistema Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Rio Grande do Sul. Como procedimento metodológico, analisaram-se as atas de reuniões do comitê na gestão 2001/02 e os conceitos, tipologias e fatores condicionantes do sucesso da participação sugeridos por diversos autores. A partir de índices de presença e contribuições na plenária identificaram-se membros omissos e atuantes e caracterizou-se a influência da sociedade e a atuação do governo do estado. Uma efetiva participação de grupos e organizações da sociedade civil, bem como dos usuários da água nas decisões do comitê, foi um ponto positivo no caso estudado. Entretanto, o artigo revela que governo do estado não participa no processo do comitê.


Management models for water resources have been under transformation in many countries, becoming steadily more complex. The system adopted by the Brazilian law is characterized by decentralization, planning by basin, use of economic and regulatory instruments, and by social participation. This case study analyzes the participatory process of the Lake Guaíba Committee (Comitê Lago Guaíba), part of the Rio Grande do Sul State System of Water Resources (Sistema Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Rio Grande do Sul). The study focuses on the roles of players with different interests in the basin planning. As methodological procedure, minutes from 2001/2002 Committee meetings, concepts, typologies, and factors associated with participation success, as suggested by many authors, were all analyzed. Based on attendance participation levels and during the meeting, the study indicated neglectful and active members, besides characterizing the influence of society and the role of the state government. The effective participation of civil society groups and organizations, as well as water consumers, in the committee’s decisions was a positive point in the case study, although the state government did not participate in the committee’s process.


Assuntos
Comitês Consultivos , Bacias Hidrográficas , Participação da Comunidade , Recursos Hídricos , Brasil
17.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2006 Nov; 37(6): 1213-23
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-35800

RESUMO

Anemia is a significant public health problem in Vietnam, but representative national data and comprehensive risk factors analysis are lacking. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine the distribution and severity of anemia in Vietnam, and 2) to assess potential risk factors for anemia. Nine thousand five hundred fifty households in 53 provinces were covered using a stratified two-stage cluster survey carried out in 1995. Selected household members were interviewed; intestinal helminthes were tested in non-pregnant women by Kato-Katz technique; hemoglobin concentrations were measured with Hemocue. Data were weighted and analyzed by survey procedures using SAS 9.0. Overall, 60% of children under 2 years old, 53% of pregnant women, 40% of non-pregnant women and 15.6% of men were anemic. Hookworm infection was the strongest factor associated with anemia (OR = 1.7; 2.9 and 4.5 for 11,999, 2,000-3,999 and > or = 4,000 hookworm egg counts, respectively) and accounted for 22% of anemia. Hookworm intensity was significantly associated with hemoglobin level; for each 1,000 egg increase, hemoglobin was reduced by 2.4 g/l. Living in different ecological zones, eating < 1 serving of meat/ week, and farming were significantly associated with anemia in women and children. Other risk factors in women included having > 3 children and having a child < 24 months old. In men, no variables were found significantly associated with anemia.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Características da Família , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Carne , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População Rural , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Saúde da População Urbana , Vietnã/epidemiologia
18.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 2006 Sep; 37(5): 865-74
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-33905

RESUMO

Intestinal helminth infections are a significant public health problem for Vietnamese women, but prevalence and risk factor data are scarce. The objectives of this paper were to (1) determine the prevalence of helminth infections among women; (2) investigate interactions among intestinal helminth species in individuals and (3) identify risk factors that contribute to intestinal helminth infections. In a nationwide survey conducted in 1995, 9550 households in 53 provinces were covered using a stratified two-stage cluster survey. Stool specimens were examined by Kato-Katz technique. Of 5,127 women, 76% were infected with one or more helminth species, 36% with hookworm, 59% with Ascaris lumbricoides and 28% with Trichuris trichiura. A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were more likely to be concurrent than expected by chance. There was significant interaction between prevalence and intensity of infection in all three species. All three helminth species were more common in certain ecologic zones than others. Hookworm infection was associated with farming [Odd ratio (OR) = 2.1] and lack of a closed latrine (OR = 2.0), A. lumbricoides with use of untreated feces as fertilizer (OR = 1.2) and coinfection with T. trichiura (OR = 2.1) and T trichiura with A. lumbricoides co-infection (OR = 2.1). Our findings suggest that reproductive-age women, especially rural farmers, should be included among the high priority groups for helminth control programs through mass chemotherapy and improving sanitation.


Assuntos
Adulto , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Saneamento , Vietnã/epidemiologia
19.
Interciencia ; 31(7): 530-535, jul. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-449409

RESUMO

En este trabajo se coteja la interacción genotipo × prácticas de manejo sobre el índice de cosecha (IC) en 6 experimentos de campo conducidos bajo riego en el sureste de México entre 1977 y 1999. Se cuestiona la validez de utilizar el IC como constante en híbridos modernos de maíz para modelar su crecimiento a partir de algunos modelos dinámicos modulares, los cuales son aditivos e ignoran las interacciones. El diseño fue en parcelas divididas con dos repeticiones, en el que las parcelas grandes se asignaron a 25 y 27 tratamientos de un compuesto central rotatorio para N, P, K, densidad de población y fecha de siembra. Las parcelas chicas fueron asignadas a 3, 4 o 6 híbridos de maíz, todos con desempeño agronómico similar pero de diferente origen genético. Se ajustó un modelo inaditivo cuadrático al IC por regresión, para manejo y genotipo, este último mediante variables mudas. También se ajustó un modelo aditivo cuadrático para el manejo que ignoró al genotipo. Los resultados evidencian que la interacción genotipo x manejo se manifiesta en diferentes efectos lineales, curvaturas e interacciones entre híbridos, que son cambiantes entre localidades. Los IC, calculados con los tratamientos óptimos económicos, variaron entre 0,32 para H-515 y 0,60 para el Híbrido Hemoc. El modelo inaditivo mejoró el coeficiente de determinación (R2) para IC entre 14 y 47 por ciento en relación al modelo aditivo


Assuntos
Genótipo , Zea mays , Agricultura , Venezuela
20.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 54(6): 865-871, nov.-dez. 2004. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS | ID: lil-392849

RESUMO

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Há mais de 25 anos não se discute, na Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia, de maneira geral, o manuseio do paciente hemofílico durante o peri-operatório. Apesar da hemofilia ter sido definida como doença no início do século XIX, existem, até hoje, muitas descobertas relacionadas a ela. O objetivo dessa revisão é apontar os cuidados relacionados ao paciente hemofílico durante o período peri-operatório, ressaltando o manuseio da hemofilia tipo A e o papel do anestesiologista na equipe multidisciplinar. CONTEUDO: Estão definidas as características da hemofilia quanto à clínica e aos achados laboratoriais, a terapia farmacológica atual e os cuidados com o manuseio do paciente hemofílico no intra-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: O manuseio do paciente hemofílico foi aprimorado. Como conseqüência desse avanço, percebe-se a importância e a necessidade de que novos conhecimentos, principalmente em relação à terapia de reposição, sejam dominados por hematologistas e por todo o corpo clínico-cirúrgico. Quando pacientes hemofílicos submetem-se a procedimentos cirúrgicos é necessário o envolvimento de uma equipe multidisciplinar da qual o anestesiologista faz parte. A este profissional cabe a responsabilidade de tomar as condutas mais adequadas frente ao paciente hemofílico, participando e comunicando-se ativamente com os membros da equipe multidisciplinar.


Assuntos
Humanos , Período Pós-Operatório , Período Pré-Operatório , Hemofilia A/patologia , Anestesia/métodos
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