Occurrence of Intestinal and Caecal Coccidiosis in Rajasri Birds

Coccidiosis in poultry is still considered as one of the main diseases affecting performance of poultry reared under intensive production systems. Coccidiosis was diagnosed in Rajasri birds upon routine postmortem examination conducted at Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad. PM examination of 423 birds conducted during a period of one month, out of which 136 birds were diagnosed with intestinal coccidiosis (32.15%) and 120 birds with caecal coccidiosis (28.36%). Clinically birds showed weakness, somnolence, ruffled feathers, pale comb, mucoid bloody diarrhea and death. Coccidiosis was initially diagnosed on the basis of faecal smear examination and histopathological alterations in intestines. Gross examination of birds showed pale muscle, dehydrated and emaciated carcass. Extremely ballooned intestine and caeca and haemorrhages in intestinal mucosa were seen. Upon opening of the small intestines and caeca, watery ingesta mixed with mucus and blood was observed. Faecal smears made from duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum revealed coccidial oocysts. Histopathological examination of intestine and caecum revealed coccidia lifecycle stages with destruction of different layers of the intestine and caecum with infiltration of heterophils and mononuclear cells (MNC)

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) in Broilers

Fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in poultry is a metabolic disease. An outbreak of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) was detected by post mortem examination of broilers in a commercial farm. There was severe loss of production and sudden deaths with moderate mortality. Post mortem of the dead birds were performed and histopathological examination was done as per standard procedure. At necropsy, dead birds had pale combs and wattles with significant liver lesions. The liver was enlarged, friable and greasy, yellowish brown with firm fatty layer deposits and haematoma was noticed in abdominal cavity. Fat vacuoles were seen in liver sections which was also confirmed by special stain. Multiple factors like high dietary energy and stress of production may have precipitated the FLHS in broilers

Pharmaceutical Standardization Of Vatari Guggulu

Rasa Shastra is the pharmaceutical branch of Ayurveda. As like any other medical system, success of Ayurvedic treatment also depends upon quality of medicine prescribed to the patient. The integral part of Rasa Shastra lies in the successful pharmaceutical process. Rasaoushadis are the potent Ayurvedic preparations mainly containing metals and minerals. These Oushadis possess wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their qualities like small dose, quick action, palatability and longer shelf life. Vatari Guggulu is an important Rasa oushadi described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali - Amavata Adhikarana indicated in Gridhrasi. Vatari Guggulu contains Suddha Gandhaka (Sulphur), Suddha Guggulu (Commiphora mukul), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica Roxb), Amlaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), Eranda taila (Ricinus communis Linn). The pharmaceutical procedures adopted in this study are Shodhana, Churna Nirmana and preparation of Vati of Vatari Guggulu. The specific pharmaceutical blend of these contents can result in a more effective formulation. Till now, no research work has been carried out to standardize this formulation. Therefore the present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Vatari Guggulu according to the method explained in the classical literature.

Chiropractic Care For The Oral Health Professional

The major disability among the various professionals worldwide is musculoskeletal disorders. They impose a burden to the community in both direct costs to health care and indirect costs through reduced work efficiency and productivity. In India, according to epidemiological studies, the community based prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is about 20% and occupation specific prevalence is as high as 90%. Among the victims, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Dental surgeons is about 64%, out of which 80% had low back pain at some point of time in their life. Despite the burden, musculoskeletal disorders have not been considered in National health programmes. Bearing in mind musculoskeletal disorder as a public health burden, engaging Chiropractic- a complementary type of medicine in screening and as a part of primary prevention will be a great effort in reducing the future burden to the community.

Home Remedies For Oral Diseases

Self-help through self-treatment makes a countless contribution. Home remedy use is a component of health self-management, particularly among people who have experienced limited access to medical care or discrimination by the health care system. Self-care using home remedies survived for long time and it surely give effect in the easiest, safest, fastest and cheapest way. Oral diseases are a significant public health burden in India as well as across the globe. The consequence of poor oral health deteriorates the individual health and wellbeing, decrease economic productivity, and act as significant risk factors for other systemic health ailments. Developing countries have more diverse health systems than developed countries and expenditure in oral health care is low, access to Dental healthcare is limited and restricted to emergency Dental care or pain relief. Moreover, allopathic medicine is expensive and these chemicals can have adverse effects. Hence, there is a need for alternative products and natural extracts obtained from plants which are safe and biocompatible can be considered as good alternatives. In such circumstances use of home remedies would meet the need for treating minor ailments safely. Home remedies are good and comparable methods of equal value which have met the scientific and regulatory criteria for safety and effectiveness. The purpose of this review was to evaluate some of the commonly available foods being utilized in the treatment of oral diseases at home.

Prophylactic combined supplementation of choline and docosahexaenoic acid attenuates vascular cognitive impairment and preserves hippocampal cell viability in rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion ischemic brain injury.

Background: Stroke is the second cause of mortality in the world and third leading cause of disability in surviving victims. Cerebral ischemic cascade involves multiple pathways that can result in motor and cognitive deficits. The current treatment strategy focuses mainly on motor recovery, and the management of post-stroke cognitive impairment is largely neglected. Similarly, very few studies have explored the prophylactic combined synergetic treatment strategies that have the potential to target multiple pathways in the ischemic cascade to alleviate vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in the event of an ischemic stroke. Choline and docosahexaenoic acid (Cho-DHA) are both essential neuronal membrane phospholipid precursors, known to be important in enhancing cognitive functions. The objective of present study was to explore the prophylactic efficacy of combined Cho-DHA supplementation (Cho-DHA suppl.) in attenuating VCI in a rodent model of ischemic brain injury. Methods: An 10-months-old male Wistar rats were subdivided into four groups (n=8/group); normal control (NC), bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) induced ischemic brain injury group, sham BCCAO (S-BCCAO) group, and prophylactic combined Cho-DHA suppl. BCCAO group. Subsequently, all groups of rats were tested for cognition and neuro-morphological changes in the hippocampus. Results: BCCAO rats showed significant learning and memory deficits (p<0.05) and neuronal injury compared to S-BCCAO and NC rats. These cognitive deficits and neuronal injury were significantly (p<0.01) attenuated in Cho-DHA suppl. BCCAO rats. Conclusion: Prophylactic combined Cho-DHA suppl. may be envisaged as an effective preventive strategy to attenuate VCI and neuronal injury in high-risk individuals susceptible for a future event of an ischemic stroke.

In silico Analysis of 3D-QSAR and Molecular Docking for Bcl-2 Inhibitors to Potential Anticancer Drug Development.

Apoptosis control is characterized by a delicate balance between homo and hetero dimerization of pro- and anti-apoptosis members of the protein family. Inhibiting this protein protein interaction is one viable approach to cancer therapy. Anti-apoptosis the prosurvival family members Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Bcl-XL are current targets for anti-cancer drug design. The chemotherapy has aroused many researchers‟ interests and a great deal of current efforts has been focusing on the design and development of various anticancer drugs. Ligand-based drug designing methods approaches through pharmacophore mapping and Three Dimention- Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) are used in drug discovery as well as molecular docking to seek potential binding sites of the Bcl-2 protein and its inhibitors interactions. Dynamically predictive 3D-QSAR model with Pearson-r value (0.74), F (62.5), Standard Deviation (0.285) of the regression and Root Mean Square Deviation RMSE (0.321), Q2(0.514) that was obtained for binding affinity of Bcl-2 protein respectively. The bioinformatics techniques were proved that the development of good potential activity drug compound to cancer. To our knowledge the results describes anti-tumour activity of HEQ-1 drug compound promising to convey anti-tumour drug development.

Observation on an isopod parasitizing the edible fish Parastromateus niger in the Parangipettai coast of India.

Cymothoidae are big parasites on fishes and often they are host specific. This study reports that in India, the Black pomfret (Parastromateus niger), a highly edible marine fish belonging to the family Carangidae, is the type host of Cymothoa eremita (Isopoda, Cymothoidae). Among one hundred and sixty fish examined from April to July, 2010 in Parangipettai coastal waters, only three female specimens were infested in June, 2010. It seems that such parasitism depends particularly on the season and on the host sex.

Effect of pomegranate pretreatment on the oral bioavailability of buspirone in male albino rabbits

Many drug substances and variety of naturally occurring dietary or herbal components are capable of interaction with the CYP enzyme system. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice pretreatment on the bioavailability of buspirone in rabbits. White New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.1 +/- 0.13 Kg were selected for study. The bioavailability of buspirone after pre-treatment with pomegranate juice [10 ml Kg-1 for seven days] was compared with an oral solution of 10 mg kg-1 of buspirone in distilled water. Animals were allowed free access to food and water, until night prior to dosing and were fasted for 10 hrs. In the first phase oral solution [10 mg kg-1] was administered through feeding tube followed by rinsing with 10 ml of water. In the second phase, the group was pretreated with pomegranate juice for 7 days and study was conducted after 15 days of washout period. The results showed that there was a significant [p<0.05] difference in the bioavailability of buspirone after pre-treatment with pomegranate juice. This increase in bioavailability might be due to inhibition of CYP3A4. Further studies are required to prove this mechanism in humans

Impact of phase zero trials (micro-dosing) in clinical trial research.

ABSTRACT : Currently, pre-clinical trials using animal models, cell culture methods and bio-informatics takes up to 18 months and the typical development for investigational new drugs takes between ten to fifteen years and associated with high cost and low rate of approval. Phase 0 trials are attractive approach and in future would require only few preclinical studies, phase I trial and a reduced amount of the investigational new experimental drug on human. FDA supports the conduct of phase 0 trials in oncology related studies. The negative points pertaining to phase 0 trials is that the drug and dose is too small and reliable biomarkers are too thin on the ground despite great sum of money being spent to find and validate them. Phase 0 clinical trials can decrease the cost and time and could improve the process of drug development in future. In this review, we try to provide the recent developments and impact of phase zero trials in clinical trial research. Abbreviations FDA (Food and Drug Administration:USA), NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level)ADME(Absorption,Distribution,MetabolismandExcretion)

Giant extradural meningioma of anterior cranial fossa base

A rare case of giant extradural meningioma of anterior cranial fossa is being presented. A 25-year-old man presented with progressive loss of vision in both eyes of 3 months duration. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed a giant extradural mass lesion [8 x 9 x 6 cm], invading the ethmoidal sinuses both sides, occupying the anterior cranial fossa both sides. At surgery, the tumour was found to be in extradural plane invading ethmoidal sinuses. Near total excision of the mass was done which on histopathology was confirmed to be meningioma. Literature survey does not reveal any similar report

CSF dynamics study in clinical practice: An evaluation of the bolus lumbar injection method

Cerebrospinal outflow resistance measurement [R[out]] is useful in the diagnosis, evaluation and monitoring of many disease states. The bolus lumbar injection method has been employed, using simple improvised bedside apparatus, to measure R[out] in various disease states affecting cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] dynamics, including normal pressure hydrocephalus [NPH], pseudotumour cerebri, post-meningitic and post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus, using Marmarou's formula after establishing the R[out] values in normal population. In normal population, R[out] values ranged from 3.878-9.669 mm Hg/min/ml [mean 6.09 mmHg/min/ml]. Patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus, pseudotumour cerebri, and post-meningitic and post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus had significantly higher R[out] values. The bolus lumbar injection method is a simple, fairly accurate, less expensive method for bedside measurement of CSF outflow resistance, which is affected in various disease states. R[out] values in normal Indian subjects is slightly lower than the other reported values for normal subjects. R[out] values correlated well with the outcome after shunt, in normal pressure hydrocephalus and other types of communicating hydrocephalus, and hence is a useful parameter for selection of patients for shunt surgery. It is also useful in establishing the diagnosis of pseudotumour cerebri