Relación entre el uso problemático de Facebook y la evitación experiencial en jóvenes colombianos / Relationship between the Problematic Use of Facebook and Experiential Avoidance in Young Colombians

Resumen Las tecnologias facilitan la comunicación y la interacción e influyen en los comportamientos y actitudes. Sin embargo, pueden causar impacto negativo cuando interneren en las actividades cotidianas y afectan la salud mental, física y social. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación entre el uso problemático de Facebook, la evitación experiencial y los componentes de la teoría biopsicosocial. Estudio de tipo correlacional con diseno transversal no experimental. En total participaron 677 jóvenes colombianos, que diligenciaron de manera voluntaria los cuestionarios de datos sociodemográficos, la escala de Aceptación y Acción-II (AAQ-II) y la escala de Adicción a Facebook de Bergen (BFAS). Los resultados muestran que los hombres presentaron mayor uso problemático de la red social y puntuaron más alto en los componentes de abstinencia y conflicto. Se encontró una relación positiva significativa entre el uso problemático, la evitación experiencial y todos los componentes de la teoría biopsicosocial. En conclusión, la evitación experiencial aporta a la comprensión del uso problemático de Facebook desde el análisis funcional y la teoría Biopsicosocial que orienta en la identificación de la sintomatología adictiva; estos hallazgos permiten direccionar futuras intervenciones.

Abstract Technologies facilitate communication and interaction, and influence behavior and attitudes. However, they can have a negative impact when they interfere with everyday activities that affect mental, physical, and social health. The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between the problematic use Facebook, experiential avoidance, and components of the biopsychosocial theory. This study was of a correlational type with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. A total of 677 young Colombians participated, who voluntarily filled out the socio-demographic data questionnaires, the Acceptance and Action-II scale (AAQ-II), and the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS). The results show that men present more problematic use of the social network and scored higher on the abstinence and conflict components. A significant positive relationship was found between the problematic use, experiential avoidance, and all components of the biopsychosocial theory. In conclusion, the experiential avoidance contributes to the understanding of the problematic use Facebook from the functional analysis, and the biopsychosocial theory guides in the identification of the addictive symptomatology. These findings allow directing future interventions.

Comportamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes. Policlínico Docente Héroes del Moncada. 2019 / Behavior of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Teaching Polyclinic Heroes del Moncada. 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la obesidad es considerada como un problema de salud pública. Por lo general, tiende a comenzar desde edades tempranas. La Organización Mundial de la Salud la ha definido como la epidemia del siglo XXI, por las dimensiones que ha adquirido en las últimas décadas y su impacto en la morbimortalidad, en la calidad de vida y en el elevado costo sanitario. Desde 1973, la incidencia de obesidad a escala mundial se ha triplicado. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la obesidad y el sobrepeso en menores de 19 años, en el Consultorio 12 del Policlínico Docente Héroes del Moncada, de Cárdenas, en 2019. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en el período de junio de 2018 a junio de 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por 68 niños de 0 a 19 años, con antecedentes de sobrepeso y obesidad. Resultados: el grupo de edades más afectado fue el de los niños de 0 a 4 años; ambos sexos tuvieron igual comportamiento. La mayoría de los niños no realizaba ejercicios físicos. Los alimentos más consumidos fueron los azucarados y los carbohidratos. El factor genético estuvo presente en todos los participantes. Conclusiones: para la prevención de obesidad en la infancia, Cuba cuenta con un primer nivel de atención accesible a toda la población. Se considera que se debe aprovechar esta fortaleza y realizar una labormás enérgica con la familia y la interacción de equipos interdisciplinarios, donde intervengan nutriólogos y licenciados en Educación Física, para así evitar este mal entre los niños y jóvenes (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity is considered a public health problem. In general, it tends to start from early ages. The World Health Organization has defined it as the epidemic of the 21st century due to the dimensions it has acquired in recent decades, and its impact on morbidity, mortality, in life quality, and its high sanitary cost. Since 1973, the incidence of obesity worldwide has increased three times. Objective: to characterize obesity and overweight behavior in children and adolescents aged less than 19 years, form the Family Medical Office 12 of the Teaching Polyclinic Héroes del Moncada, of Cardenas, in 2019. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the period from June 2018 to June 2019. The universe was formed by 68 children aged 0-19 years, with antecedents of overweight and obesity. Results: the most affected age group was the one formed by children aged 0-4 years; both sexes behaved the same. Most of children did not exercised. The most consumed foods were sugar and carbohydrates. The genetic factor was present in all the participants. Conclusions: for preventing obesity in childhood, Cuba has a first health care level accessible to the whole population. The authors consider that this strength should be used, and more active work should be carried out with the family and the interaction of an interdisciplinary team integrated by nutritionists and graduated of Physical Education, to avoid this condition among children and youth (AU).

Executive summary of the 2020 Clinical practice guidelines for the management of Dyslipidemia in the Philippines / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

@#Dyslipidemia is a cardiovascular risk factor that is increasing in prevalence in the country. The need to treat and manage elevated cholesterol levels, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic, is of utmost importance. Different medical societies and groups bonded together to formulate the 2020 Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines for dyslipidemia. The group raised nine clinical questions that are important in dyslipidemia management. A technical working group analyzed the clinical questions dealing with non-pharmacologic management, primary prevention for both non-diabetic and individuals with diabetes, familial hypercholesterolemia, secondary prevention, adverse events of statins and the use of other lipid parameters as measurement of risk for cardiovascular disease. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were included in the GRADE-PRO analysis to come up with the statements answering the clinical questions. The statements were presented to a panel consisting of government agencies, members of the different medical societies, and private institutions, and the statements were voted upon to come up with the final statements of the 2020 practice guidelines. The 2020 CPG is aimed for the Filipino physician to confidently care for the individual with dyslipidemia and eventually lower his risk for cardiovascular disease.

Sperm morphophysiology in different sections of the rooster reproductive tract / Morfofisiología espermática en diferentes secciones del tracto reproductivo del gallo

It is important to know the morphological changes that occur in the spermatozoa of rooster during their passage through the reproductive tract, which help to understand what they acquire their fertilization capacity. The morphophysiological changes related to the capacitation and acrosomal reaction processes in the different segments of the rooster reproductive system were analyzed. Samples were obtained from various regions of the rooster reproductive tract and dorso-ventral massage to obtain ejaculates, 25 roosters were used Rhode Island Red with proven fertility, assessments were performed with chlortetracycline and Lectin WGA-FITC to determine the morphophysiological parameters. Sperm motility increases (p<0.05) during the passage of spermatozoa from the testis until they are ejaculated. The parameters of viability and morphology also show differences (p<0.05) in the different segments of the tract. Sperm morphometry shows a spermatic contraction (p<0.05) in the cranial and medial segments of the vas deferens. The acrosomal reaction capacity evaluated with chlortetracycline (CTC) or Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), was evident increasing the parameters (p<0.05) with the use of the perivitelline layer in the spermatozoa of the reproductive tract and of the ejaculate. Spermatozoa of the reproductive tract of the rooster demonstrate acrosomal reaction capacity without requiring a previous sperm capacitation condition. On the other hand, they do not show parameters of incapacity, which implies that they cannot be stored in any segment of the reproductive tract.

Es importante conocer los cambios morfológicos que se producen en los espermatozoides del gallo durante su paso por el tracto reproductivo y que ayudan a comprender como adquieren su capacidad de fertilización. Se analizaron cambios morfofisiológicos relacionados con los procesos de capacitación y reacción acrosomal de los espermatozoides presentes en los diferentes segmentos del tracto reproductor del gallo. Se obtuvieron espermatozoides de diferentes regiones del tracto reproductor del gallo y de espermatozoides de eyaculado. Se usaron 25 gallos Rhode Island Red con fertilidad probada. Se realizaron evaluaciones básicas, con clortetraciclina (CTC) y lectina Wheat germ agglutinin conjugada con isotiosionato de fluoresceína (WGA-FITC) para determinar los parámetros morfofisiológicos. La motilidad del esperma aumenta (P<0,05) durante el paso de los espermatozoides desde el testículo hasta que son eyaculados. Los parámetros de viabilidad y morfología también muestran diferencias (P <0,05) en los diferentes segmentos del tracto. La morfometría mostró una contracción de los espermatozoides (P<0,05) en los segmentos craneal y medial del conducto deferente. La capacidad de reacción acrosomal evaluada con clortetraciclina CTC o WGAFITC, fue evidente al aumentar los parámetros (P<0,05) con el uso de membrana perivitelina en los espermatozoides del tracto reproductivo y del eyaculado. los espermatozoides del tracto reproductivo del gallo demuestran capacidad de reacción acrosomal sin requerir una condición previa de capacitación espermática. Por otro lado, no muestran parámetros de descapacitación espermática lo que implica que no pueden almacenar en ningún segmento del tracto reproductivo.

Neumoperitoneo tras cirugía: Una completa anamnesis es la clave / Pneumoperitoneum after cardiac surgery: A complete anamnesis is the clue

En este artículo exponemos el caso de un paciente de 82 años llevado a cirugía cardiaca para sustitución de válvula mitral. Quince años antes fue intervenido para sustituir su válvula aórtica, por lo que en realidad se trataba de una reintervención cardiaca. Después de la reesternotomía, y liberación de adherencias pericárdicas, se produjo una apertura accidental de una pequeña porción del peritoneo, procediéndose a reparar con sutura simple. En el postoperatorio, la presencia de neumoperitoneo alarmó sobre la posibilidad de una complicación intraabdominal asociada, descartada posteriormente dado el antecedente quirúrgico. En este artículo realizamos una revisión sobre lo que es el neumoperitoneo, sus causas y tratamiento, así como resaltamos causas posibles y no habitualmente consideradas como puede ser una cirugía cardiaca previa reciente, simplemente por el hecho de encontrar al paciente en diferentes contextos y no pensar en ellas.

Herein we present the case of an 82 year-old patient undergoing cardiac surgery for mitral valve replacement. Fifteen years earlier, the patient had undergone surgery to replace his aortic valve, so that it was now a cardiac reoperation. Through sternotomy, and release of pericardial adherences, there was an accidental opening of a small portion of the peritoneum, proceeding to repair with simple suture. Postoperatively, the presence of pneumoperitoneum alarmed about the possibility of an intra-abdominal complication but it was subsequently discarded with recent surgical process. Through this article we review what the pneumoperitoneum consist, its causes and management, as well as highlighting possible etiologies sometimes not considered as a recent cardiac surgery, simply because the patient in found in different contexts and we do not think about those possibilities.

Tratamiento del tumor de células gigantes con curetaje e injerto con hidroxiapatita porosa coralina HAP-200® / Treatment of the giant cells tumor with curettage and graft of porous coral hydroxyapatite HAP-200®

Se realizó la presentación de un caso con un tumor de células gigantes en el extremo distal del fémur derecho a nivel del cóndilo femoral interno. Se retira quirúrgicamente, previo estudio, donde se confirmó el diagnóstico a través de la biopsia. En dicho proceder se efectuó un raspado extenso de la lesión respetando la superficie articular del cóndilo femoral, rellenando la cavidad con la hidroxiapatita HAP-200 ®, sin necesidad de apoyar dicho acto con una osteosíntesis interna o externa, sólo con una calza de yeso por 6 semanas. El seguimiento del paciente ha sido, hasta la fecha, de 6 años y no se ha reportado ninguna recidiva o metástasis, con una osteointegración positiva del biomaterial, lográndose la curación ósea y una función articular sin restricción.

We presented a case of a giant cells tumor in the distal end of the right thigh at the level of the internal femoral condyle. Previously studied, the tumor was surgically retired, and the diagnosis was established through the biopsy. In that procedure we carried out a lesion extended scrape respecting the join surface of the femoral condyle, filling the cavity with hydroxyapatite HAP-200®, being unnecessary to support it with an internal or external osteosynthesis, only with plaster wedge for 6 weeks. The patient´s follow-up has lasted for 6 years up to day, and no recidivism or metastasis has been reported, with a biomaterial positive osteointegration, achieving the bone healing and a join functioning without restriction.

A review of the 2005 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia in the Philippines / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

@#Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in the Philippines with an upward trend in the prevalence of atherosclerosis-related risk factors. In the national survey done in 2008, the prevalence of dyslipidemia is also increasing. As such, there is a need to increase awareness of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease among health care professionals. The development of Philippine guidelines were part of the strategy to improve overall cardiovascular risk and dyslipidemia management that is relevant to the Philippine setting. This article summarizes the 2005 Dyslipidemia guidelines, discusses some updates since its release and emphasizes equity issues when considering management of dyslipidemia in a Filipino patient.

Proteína LIC10494 de Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni: modelo estructural y regiones funcionales asociadas / Protein LIC10494 of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni: structural model and associated functional regions / Proteína LIC10494 de Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni: modelo estrutural e regiões funcionais associadas

Objetivo. Predecir computacionalmente la estructura tridimensional de la proteína antigénica LIC10494 e inferir las regiones funcionales asociadas importantes para su antigenicidad e inmunogenicidad. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis computacional de la estructura primaria de LIC10494 a partir de los servidores BLAST, PROTPARAM, PROTSCALE, DAS, SOSUI, TOPPRED, TMAP, TMPRED, SPLIT4, PHDHTM, TMHMM2, HMMTOP2, GLOBPLOT y PROSITE. La estructura secundaria se obtuvo por consenso de los algoritmos SOPM, PREDATOR GOR4, DPM y DSC. La aproximación a la estructura terciaria se obtuvo con el algoritmo MUSTER. La minimización de energía se obtuvo a partir del campo de fuerza AMBER94 de la suite de análisis molecular SCHRODINGER, y la validación tanto estereoquímica como energética del modelo se realizó con el servidor RAMPAGE. El modelo final fue visualizado con el programa PyMol v.0,98. Resultados. En el presente estudio se propone un modelo computacional que detalla la estructura tridimensional de la lipoproteína hipotética LIC10494 y está de acuerdo con reportes experimentales previos; el estudio demuestra la existencia de patrones que podrían tener un papel importante en la patogenicidad y la protección de la bacteria frente al sistema inmune del hospedero; la presencia de una región desordenada entre los aminoácidos 80 y 140; y la presencia de un segmento transmembrana entre los aminoácidos 8 y 22. Conclusión. La coincidencia entre segmentos estructurales y funcionales sugiere que el modelo puede usarse para predecir ciertos aspectos del comportamiento biológico de la proteína en cuanto a la patogenicidad e inmunogenicidad de la bacteria.

Objective. Predict by computational means the 3D structure of the antigenic protein LIC10494 and report associated important functional regions for its pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Materials and methods. We performed a computational analysis of the primary structure of LIC10494 using the servers BLAST, PROTPARAM, PROTSCALE, DAS, SOSUI, TOPPRED, TMAP, TMpred, SPLIT4, PHDHTM, TMHMM2, HMMTOP2, GLOBPLOT and PROSITE. The secondary structure was obtained by consensus of the algorithms SOPM, PREDATOR GOR4, DPM and DSC. The approach to the tertiary structure was obtained using the algorithm MUSTER. The energy minimization was done using the AMBER94 force field of the Schrodinger suite of molecular analysis, and the stereochemistry and energy model validation was performed by the RAMPAGE server. The final model was visualized using PyMol V.0,98. Results. This study proposes a computational model that describes the 3D structure of the hypothetical lipoprotein LIC10494 and agrees with previous experimental reports; thus, our study demonstrates the existence of patterns that could play an important role in the pathogenicity and protection of the bacteria against the host immune system; the presence of a disorganized region between amino acids 80 and 140, and of a transmembrane segment between amino acids 8 and 22. Conclusion. The coincidence between structural and functional segments suggests that our model can be used to predict certain aspects of the biological behaviour of the protein according to the pathogenic and immunogenic characteristics of the bacteria.

Objetivo. Predizer computacionalmente a estrutura tridimensional da proteína antigênica LIC10494 e inferir as regiões funcionais associadas importantes para a sua antigenicidade e imunogenicidade. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizada uma análise computacional da estrutura primária da LIC10494 nos servidores, BLAST, PROTPARAM, PROTSCALE, DAS, SOSUI, TOPPRED, TMAP, TMPRED, SPLIT4, PHDHTM, TMHMM2, HMMTOP2, GLOBPLOT e PROSITE. A estrutura secundária foi obtida por consenso dos algoritmos SOPM, PREDATOR GOR4, DPM e DSC. A aproximação para a estrutura terciária foi obtida com o algoritmo MUSTER. A minimização de energia foi obtida a partir do campo de força AMBER94 do conjunto de análise molecular SCHRODINGER, e a validação estereoquímica e energética do modelo foi realizada utilizando o servidor RAMPAGE. O modelo final foi visualizado com o programa PyMol V. 0,98. Resultados. Este estudo propõe um modelo computacional que descreve a estrutura tridimensional da lipoproteína hipotética LIC10494 e concorda com anteriores relatórios experimental; o estudo demonstra a existência de padrões que poderiam desempenhar um papel importante na patogenicidade e na proteção da bactéria ao sistema imune do hospedeiro; a presença de uma região desordenada entre os aminoácidos 80 e 140, e a presença de um segmento transmembrana entre os aminoácidos 8 e 22. Conclusão. A coincidência entre os segmentos estruturais e funcionais sugere que o modelo pode ser utilizado para prever determinados aspectos do comportamento biológico da proteína na patogenicidade e imunogenicidade da bactéria.

La biblioteca universitaria en Cuba, periodización de su desarrollo y tendencias actuales / The university library in Cuba, periodicity of its development and the current trends

Aunque son varios los trabajos que han abordado la historia de la actividad de información en el país, las bibliotecas adscritas a universidades no han recibido una atención particular en estos estudios. En el presente trabajo, partiendo del método histórico-lógico, se presenta una periodización del desarrollo de la biblioteca universitaria cubana. Esta periodización se ha realizado atendiendo a los aspectos fondos, personal, servicios, funcionamiento e investigación, lo que ha permitido la identificación de tres etapas fundamentales: 1846-1959, primeras bibliotecas; 1960-1989, desarrollo extensivo y de los servicios; y 1990, actualidad y desarrollo tecnológico. Para cada etapa se presenta una caracterización que incluye los aspectos fundamentales del desarrollo de la universidad que la han influido

Future reflection on the university library in Cuba requires of a historic analysis. Though several research works have studied the information activity in the country, university libraries have not been given a particular attention on this issue. Applying the historic and logic method, the evolution of the Cuban university library is presented. To determine the features of that evolution some items have been taken into account such as, collection, personnel, services, functioning and research work. All of this has enabled the author to identify three main stages: Emerging (1846-1959), Extensive development (1960-1989) and Technological Development (1990- up to the present). Each stage is characterized including those fundamental aspects from the university development which have influenced its evolution

Mutación en el gen EDA1, Ala349Thr en paciente con displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica ligada a X / Mutation in the ED1, Ala349Thr in a patient with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a very rare disease characterized by the absence of eccrine glands, dry skin, scanty hair, and dental abnormalities. It is caused by mutations within the ED1 gene, which encodes a protein, ectodysplasin-A (EDA). Clinical characteristic are frontal bossing, saddle nose, pointed chin, a prominent supraorbital ridge with periorbital hyperpigmenta-tion, and anodontia. Those affected show great intolerance to heat. We report the first Mexican 2-year-old boy with an Ala349Thr missense mutation from Tamaulipas, México.

Effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment in patients from Pereira and Manizales / Efectividad del tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes de Pereira y Manizales

Objective Evaluating the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in a sample of Colombian patients diagnosed as having HIV/AIDS and being treated by the Colombian Health Social Security System (CHSSS) Methods A descriptive study was conducted among 134 HIV/AIDS patients of any age or gender who had received antiretroviral therapy in the cities of Pereira and Manizales between July 1st 2008 and June 30th 2009. The following factors were assessed from the clinical history of the patients seen in three health insurance companies: viral load, CD4 count, antiretroviral treatment regimens, prescribed daily doses of medications, length of disease evolution, duration of therapy, history of opportunistic diseases, and drug costs. Results There was male predominance (91 men cf 43 women), mean age beingf 39 years, and an average of 59 months since diagnosis. All treatment regimens were defined by each drug's defined daily dose (DDD). The therapy was effective in 74.5 percent of patients. Effectiveness was defined as being viral load < 400 copies/ml. About 79.1 percent of patients had had their viral load measured during the last 6 months. Non-adherence to treatment and a history of having acquired 2 other sexually- transmitted infections were associated with an increased risk of uncontrolled HIV infection. The average value of drugs per year per patient was $4,077.2 ± 3,043.8 U.S. dollars/year. Conclusions Non-adherence to treatment remains one of the most important issues regarding antiretroviral therapy effectiveness, so programmes intended to control HIV/AIDS must address this problem.

Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento antirretroviral en una muestra de pacientes con diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA en dos ciudades colombianas. Métodos Estudio descriptivo en 134 pacientes en tratamiento para VIH/SIDA de cualquier edad y género en Pereira y Manizales entre 1 de julio de 2008 y 30 de junio de 2009. Se evaluó: carga viral, conteo de linfocitos CD4, esquemas antirretrovirales, dosis diaria prescrita, tiempo evolución de enfermedad, duración de terapia, antecedentes de enfermedades oportunistas, costos de medicamentos. Resultados Predominio masculino (91 hombres vs 43 mujeres), promedio de edad: 39 años y 59 meses de evolución de la enfermedad. Todos recibían esquemas a Dosis Diarias Definidas recomendadas. La terapia era efectiva en 73,6 por ciento de los pacientes (carga viral <400 copias/ml). Se pudo establecer que la falta de adherencia al tratamiento y el antecedente de haber tenido otras 2 infecciones de transmisión sexual se asociaban con mayor riesgo de no controlar la infección por VIH. El valor promedio de los medicamentos por año por paciente fue de US$ 4 077.2 ± 3 043.8 dólares. Conclusiones La falta de adherencia al tratamiento sigue siendo uno de los problemas más importantes para garantizar efectividad, por lo cual los programas de control del VIH/SIDA deben asegurarla.

Quistes periapicales gigantes con fístula cutánea facial tratados con hidroxiapatita coralina HAP-200: presentación de dos casos / Periapical cysts giant facial cutaneous fistula treated with coralline hydroxyapatite HAP-200: report of two cases

Se presentan dos casos uno masculino y uno femenino con quistes periapicales de gran tamaño en le zona anterior de la mandíbula, con la presencia de fístulas cutánea y que fueron confundidos con otras lesionas sin realizarle anteriormente un buen examen bucal. Los defectos óseos en ambos casos se diagnosticaron radiograficamente con mas de 3 centímetros de diámetro, los dientes involucrados se encontraban con perdida de la vitalidad por lo que se le realizo tratamiento pulpo radicular y cirugía periapical con curetaje y eliminación de los quistes, el defecto óseo fue rellenado con hidoxiapatita HAP-200 en gránulos y se le elimino la fístula en un solo tiempo quirúrgico, obteniéndose resultados relevantes lo que indica que este material es de gran utilidad en la reconstrucción de defectos óseos maxilo faciales

Aproximaciones al futuro de la biblioteca académica en el horizonte 2010-2015 / Approximations to the future of the academic library en the 2010-2015 horizons

A partir del examen de las predicciones realizadas por un conjunto de estudios de futuro sobre las bibliotecas académicas, se elaboró una caracterización de estas para el período 2010-2015, que comprende: funciones y actividades, usuarios, productos y servicios, tecnología, colección, local, personal y financiamiento. El perfil elaborado es un instrumento útil para la gestión presente y futura de esta clase de instituciones.

Based on the review done in futures studies about academic libraries, features of this period were designed that included functions, activities, customers, products and services, technology, collection, places, staff and financial support. The profile designed is a useful tool for present and future management in these kinds of institutions.

Aplicación de la hidroxiapatita porosa coralina® HAP-200 con antibióticos en la osteomielitis de la tibia / Application of HAP-200® coralline porous hydroxyapatite with antibiotics in tibia osteomyelitis

A pesar de los tratamientos quirúrgicos actuales y de la aplicación de antibióticos de amplio espectro en pacientes con osteomielitis aguda, tanto a punto de partida de procesos sépticos a distancia o por inoculación directa, existe un porcentaje de pacientes que evolucionan a la cronicidad. La osteomielitis crónica representa aproximadamente el 4,2 por ciento de las secuelas del tratamiento de fracturas expuestas de la tibia, y Staphylococcus aureus es el germen que con mayor frecuencia se aísla. Se presentan dos casos tratados eficazmente mediante curetaje de la lesión y relleno con hidroxiapatita porosa coralina® HAP-200 impregnada con gentamicina, y aplicación de antibiótico sistémico. Se valoró el tipo de lesión, y los aspectos analíticos y radiológicos. El objetivo fue demostrar la utilidad de este biomaterial en la cirugía séptica de la tibia

Despite the current surgical treatment and the applications of wide-spectrum antibiotics in patients presenting with acute osteomyelitis from the at distance first septic processes or by direct inoculation, there is a percentage of patients evolving to chronic stage. Chronic osteomyelitis represent approximately the 4,2 percent of sequalae of tibia exposed fractures and Staphylococcus aureus is the more frequent isolated germ. Two cases are presented effectively treated by curettage of the lesion and filled with HAO-200 ® coralline porous hydroxyapatite impregnated with Gentamicin and a antibiotic systemic application. Type os lesion was assessed as well as the analytical and radiologic features. The aim of present paper was to demonstrate the usefulness of this biomaterial in tibia septic surgery

Malgré les traitements chirurgicaux actuels et l'utilisation des antibiotiques de large spectre d'action chez des patients atteints d'ostéomyélite aigüe (aussi à l'origine des processus infectieux à distance qu'au moyen de l'inoculation directe), il y a un grand nombre de patients évoluant vers la chronicité. L'ostéomyélite chronique représente environ 4,2% des séquelles du traitement des fractures exposées du tibia, et le Staphylococcus aureus est le germe le plus souvent isolé. Deux cas avec un traitement efficace par curetage et remplissage de la lésion avec hydroxyapatite poreuse corallienne HAP-200® imprégnée de gentamycine, et par application d'un antibiotique systémique, sont présentés. On a évalué le type de lesion, et les aspects analytiques et radiologiques. Le but de cette étude a été de démontrer l'efficacité de ce biomatériel dans la chirurgie septique du tibia

Dispensación de antibióticos de uso ambulatorio en una población colombiana / Dispensing antibiotics to outpatients in a Colombian population

Objetivo La utilización de antibióticos ha sido objeto de abuso y se relaciona con el desarrollo de grave resistencia bacteriana.Analizar la dispensación de antibióticos de uso sistémico a nivel ambulatorio en una población colombiana entre enero de 2005 y diciembre de 2006 y la valoración de su costo económico. Métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo sobre utilización de antibióticos a partir de prescripciones dispensadas a la totalidad de usuarios que hayan recibido algún antibiótico en 10 ciudades colombianas. Se determinó dosis definida por 1 000 habitantes y día y el costo por 1 000 habitantes y día. Se analizaron las asociaciones de antibióticos empleadas comúnmente. Resultados La dosis diaria definida fue de 1,58 por 1 000 habitantes y día. Los antibióticos más dispensados fueron las penicilinas (amoxicilina dicloxacilina), seguidos de cefalosporinas de primera generación y sulfonamidas. El uso de antibióticos en presentación inyectable fue del 10,4 por ciento y 9,3 por ciento para los años 2005 y 2006 respectivamente. En 11,0 por ciento de los casos se empleó una asociación de antibióticos. El costo total de dispensación de antibióticos fue de $ 4 356 294 644 pesos (US $ 1 708 350) y el coste por mil habitantes y día de $ 3 114 pesos (US $ 1,13) en 2005 y de $ 2 564 pesos (US $ 1,00) en 2006. Discusión Las dosis diarias definidas por mil habitantes y día y el costo de los antibióticos por mil habitantes y día son menores a los reportados en otros países.

Objectives Analysing how systemic antibiotic agents were dispensed to outpatients in a Colombian population between January 2005 and December 2006 and assessing their economic cost as antibiotic use and abuse have been related to serious bacterial resistance. Methods This was a descriptive observational study of antibiotic drug use; a database was compiled from medication usage records maintained by dispensing pharmacies in 10 Colombian cities regarding the total of users who had received some type of antibiotic. The defined daily dose (DDD) and cost per 1,000 inhabitants/day were assessed. The commonly used antibiotic associations were analysed. Results DDD was 1.58 per 1,000 inhabitants per day. The antibiotics most frequently prescribed were penicillin (amoxiciline; dicloxaciline), followed by first-generation cephalosporines and sulphonamides. Injectable antibiotic use was 10.4 percent in 2005 and 9.3 percent in 2006; an association of anti-bacterial agents was used for 11 percent of the patients. Total antibiotic dispensation cost in 2005 was US$ 1,708,350 and cost per 1,000 inhabitants per day was US$ 1.13 in 2005 and US$ 1 in 2006. Conclusions DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day and cost per inhabitant per day was low compared to other countries.

Versión computarizada para la aplicación del Listado de Síntomas 90 (SCL 90) y del Inventario de Temperamento y Carácter (ITC)

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Summary: Psychometric tests are effective to measure psychological characteristics, including personality, motivation, intellectual abilities and psychopathological traits. The Psychopathological diagnostic could be supported on some of these psychometric tests, which ideally should be of simple and fast application. Two of the most common tests are the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). SCL 90, developed by Derogatis, Lipman and Covi in 1973, is a 90-item self-report inventory that assesses the level of distress experienced by the subject. Items are comprised in nine dimensions: somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. The SCL 90 has been translated into several languages and has been successfully applied in Argentina and Spain. In Mexico, Cruz-Fuentes et al. and Lara et al. considered that this test can be well used as a psychometric instrument in clinical research. Due to its efficiency and brief time to response (12-15 min.), the SCL 90 has been administered to support psicopathological diagnostics and to complement the research of epilepsy, social-behavior disorders, physical disorders, pharmacological treatment and for the comparison of psychological features in crosscultural studies. The TCI is a self-applied test that describes personality according to Clonninger's psychobiological model. In this model temperament is described as highly heritable and stable during lifetime, and it is divided in four dimensions: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence. Character is described as being determined by the individual's experience and is modifiable during life-time. It is divided in to three dimensions self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-transcendence. The TCI has been used to correlate personality features to genetics variability and to complement clinical studies that involves psychiatric disorder, such as, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and depression. This test has been translated and administered in American, French, German, Korean and Spanish populations. In Mexico, Sánchez-Carmona, Páez, López and Nicolini considered that the TCI constitute a psychometric test that can be used to develop the clinical research in Mexican populations. In recent years, research and clinical evaluation in several countries, such as United States and France, have successfully designed and applied computerized versions of the SCL 90 and TCI. These versions provide a quicker rate of testing and a permanent storage of data. In this work, we analyze the validity of viability to apply a computerized version of the SCL 90 and the TCI in Spanish. This computerized version was previously developed at the Instituto de Neurobiología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. This version involves a computer program in Java language, which give an easy access to the users and is compatible with any computational environment. The sequence to answer the computerized version involves five steps: a) accessing the main control program, b) writing the user's identification data, c) answering SCL 90 test, d) answering TCI test, e) forming the database. The formats employed in these computerized versions are similar to those in paper-and-pencil original versions. Its rate sequences were formed according to the SCL 90 and the TCI's application manuals. The information stored in the computerized program of SCL 90 and TCI, can be imported to the Excel program. By this way, it is possible to import the results to any database in any statistical analysis program. Method. Computerized versions of the SCL 90 and the TCI were administered in different sessions for two 30 participants sample (15 men, 15 women, mean= 30, S.D. 8 years old). Paper-and-pencil versions of both tests were administered, in two different sessions, to a sample within the same sex and age range. Samples were formed by students of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Statistical analysis involved a Student's t test to identify differences between data obtained in computerized and paper-and-pencil versions. Graphic comparisons were made to show the similarity of the results obtained in computerized versions and those of reference samples published in Mexico by Cruz-Fuentes et al. (2005), Lara et al. (2005) and Sánchez de Carmona et al. (1996). Results. The average time invested in both computerized and paper-pencil version for SCL 90 was 15 min. and 25 min. for TCI. No significant differences were founded in the items at any dimensions of the SCL 90 and TCI between the computerized and the paper-and-pencil versions. Graphic distribution of data in SCL 90 and central tendencies measures in the TCI, were similar in both computerized and pa-per-and-pencils reference samples versions. Discussion. The average of time invested to response the computerized versions of both test was similar to that reported in paper-and-pencil versions: 15 min. for SCL 90 and 35 min. for TCI. So, then the time required to administer computerized versions is not higher than required in paper-and pencil versions. The results sustain that the computerized administration of the SCL 90 and TCI in Spanish do not differs from the original paper-and-pencils Spanish versions in any of the test's dimensions. Besides, there are equivalent results in computerized versions and results showed in the reference samples. This allows us to consider that computerized versions of SCL 90 and TCI evaluate the features what were designed for. Even the complete evaluation through SCL 90 and TCI requires a final individualized interpretation, the automatically rating trough computerized version, could decrease human mistakes during the account of answers and items. It allows the elaboration of permanent and extensive database that can be easily used to compare epidemiological and longitudinal behavioral research. Furthermore it could complement neurobiological studies, for example, to evaluate population in neuroimaging studies such functional magnetic resonance studies. We conclude that computerized versions of the Symptom Check List 90 and Temperament and Character Inventory show a good validity to be useful as a psychometric tool.

Resultados del relleno de defectos óseos tumorales con hidroxiapatita o injerto homólogo / Results of the filler of defects bony tumorales with hidroxiapatita or homologous implant

Durante 15 años se ha utilizando la hidroxiapatita obtenida a partir del coral Porites, en los defectos óseos subsiguientes a la cirugía de exéresis tumoral. Se realizó un estudio en 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de tumoraciones óseas benignas de las extremidades, en el período de tiempo comprendido desde el 1988 hasta el año 2000; con el objetivo de evaluar su eficacia como material de implante óseo. Se dividió la muestra aleatoriamente en dos grupos, un grupo estudio y un grupo control, con 50 pacientes cada uno. En el grupo estudio se realizó relleno de la cavidad tumoral con hidroxiapatita Coralina® HAP-200 y en el grupo control con injerto de hueso homólogo. Se constató que el 96 por ciento de los pacientes implantados con hidroxiapatita presentaron curación, mientras que en los pacientes tratados mediante injertos de hueso homólogo solo se obtuvo la curación en el 88 por ciento. Por lo que se recomienda el uso del biomaterial hidroxiapatita en el tratamiento restaurador de defectos óseos de las extremidades