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1.
Prensa méd. argent ; 108(3): 165-189, 20220000. tab, fig, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1373279

RESUMO

Introducción. Los adenomas gigantes de hipófisis (AGHs) son aquellos tumores con un diámetro máximo ≥4 cm en cualquier dirección, representando del 5% al 14% del total de los adenomas que se tratan quirúrgicamente. Su manejo terapéutico es desafiante ya que, debido a su extensión hacia otras estructuras cerebrales,está asociado a un riesgo mayor de complicaciones quirúrgicas, con una menor tasa de resección total. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto de la cirugía endoscópica transesfenoidal en AGHs, analizando las variables asociadas a resultados visuales, endocrinológicos y según el grado de resección. Pacientes y Métodos. Se evaluó en 44 pacientes con AGHs(diámetro ≥4 cm y/o volumen ≥10 ml) la presentación visual, endocrinológica e imágenes. Se analizaron estadísticamente resultados visuales, endocrinológicos, grado de resección y complicaciones quirúrgicas. Resultados. Edad promedio de 48.8 años, 24 mujeres y 20 hombres. Presentación: déficit del campo visual (93.1%), hipopituitarismo (61.3%), cefalea (54.5%). Diámetro, volumen y extensión supraselar promedios: 4.8 cm, 20.3 ml, 1.8 cm, respectivamente. Campo visual: mejoría: 83.3%, sin cambios: 9.5%, mayormente en síntomas bilaterales (p<0.0001). Desmejoríavisual: 0%. En resección total: mayor posibilidad de mejoría visual (p=0.040). Buenos resultados endocrinológicos: 85.7%. Tasa de resección total: 52.3%. Resección subtotal: más frecuente con invasión del seno cavernoso (p=0.014). Sin diferencias en el grado de resección según diámetro, volumen, extensión supraselar, forma ni aspecto. Hipopituitarismo: 4.2%. Diabetes insípida: 9.5%, asociada a mayor diámetro (p=0.038) o extensión supraselar (p=0.010) y aspecto sólido (p=0.023). Fístula de LCR: 7.1%. Conclusión. La resección total puede lograrse en la mitad de los casos, siendo la limitante principal el grado de invasión del seno cavernoso y no el aspecto morfológico del AGH per se. Aun así, los resultados visuales y endocrinológicos son muy buenos. En resecciones incompletas se logra el control de la enfermedad mediante tratamientos complementarios


Introduction. Giant pituitary adenomas (sGAs) are those tumors with a maximum diame- ter ≥4 cm in any direction, representing 5% to 14% of all adenomas that are treated surgi- cally. Its therapeutic management is challenging since, due to its extension to other brain structures, it is associated with a higher risk of surgical complications, with a lower rate of total resection. Te objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery on AGHs, analyzing the variables associated with visual and endocri- nological results and according to the degree of resection. Patients and Methods. Visual, endocrinological and imaging presentation were evaluated in 44 patients with sHAA (dia- meter ≥4 cm and/or volume ≥10 ml). Visual and endocrinological results, degree of resection and surgical complications were statistically analyzed. Results. Average age of 48.8 years, 24 women and 20 men. Presentation: visual field deficit (93.1%), hypopituitarism (61.3%), headache (54.5%). Average diameter, volume and suprasellar extension: 4.8 cm, 20.3 ml, 1.8 cm, respectively. Visual field: improvement: 83.3%, no changes: 9.5%, mostly in bilate- ral symptoms (p<0.0001). Visual impairment: 0%. In total resection: greater possibility of visual improvement (p=0.040). Good endocrinological results: 85.7%. Total resection rate: 52.3%. Subtotal resection: more frequent with invasion of the cavernous sinus (p=0.014). No differences in the degree of resection according to diameter, volume, suprasellar exten- sion, shape or appearance. Hypopituitarism: 4.2%. Diabetes insipidus: 9.5%, associated with greater diameter (p=0.038) or suprasellar extension (p=0.010) and solid appearance (p=0.023). CSF fistula: 7.1%. Conclusion. Total resection can be achieved in half of the cases, the main limitation being the degree of invasion of the cavernous sinus and not the morphological appearance of the HGA per se. Even so, the visual and endocrinological results are very good. In incomplete resections, disease control is achieved through com- plementary treatments


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipófise/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Adenoma/patologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Endoscopia/métodos , Liberação de Cirurgia , Margens de Excisão , Hipofisectomia/métodos
2.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 32(4): 189-199, dic. 2018. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1222513

RESUMO

Objetivo: Aportar valores teóricos promedio de referencias anatómicas en tomografía computada con el fin de optimizar los abordajes transesfenoidales a la base de cráneo. Materiales y Métodos: Se desarrolló un diseño descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal y observacional de cien estudios de tomografía computada de macizo facial y base de cráneo. Mediante planillas de registro diseñadas ad Hoc, se confeccionó la base de datos considerando: sexo, edad, línea media, posición del rostrum esfenoidal y de la silla turca, posición de los ostium esfenoidales, presencia de las paredes óseas del seno esfenoidal, distancia entre las arterias carótidas internas y los nervios ópticos, neumatización de los recesos óptico-carotídeos, neumatización del seno esfenoidal, dimensiones del seno esfenoidal, número de tabiques intra-seno esfenoidal y su sitio de inserción posterior. Resultados: El rostrum esfenoidal es el mejor reparo de línea media para los abordajes transesfenoidales a la región selar. Los tabiques internos no deben considerarse como reparos de línea media seguros. Los ostium esfenoidales se localizan laterales a la línea media y conforman un sitio seguro para iniciar la apertura de la pared anterior del seno esfenoidal. Las paredes óseas laterales del seno esfenoidal no siempre están presentes a nivel de las prominencias carotídeas y ópticas. El canal de trabajo para abordar la silla turca está determinado por la distancia entre ambas arterias carótidas internas, siendo en promedio de 11,24 mm. Conclusión: La tomografía computada permite obtener un conocimiento de la anatomía del seno esfenoidal preciso para la planificación de un abordaje transesfenoidal a la silla turca o extendida a la base de cráneo.


Objective: To provide average theoretical values for anatomic references in computed tomography (CT) images and, thereby, improve the transsphenoidal approach to the skull base. Methods and Materials: A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted of 100 CT evaluations of facial bones and the skull base. A database was created using ad hoc registration forms, entering data on patient gender and age, midline, position of the sphenoid rostrum, position of the sella, position of the sphenoid ostium, presence of the bony walls of the sphenoid sinus relative to the carotid and optic prominences, distance from the internal carotid arteries, distance between the optic nerves, pneumatization of the optic-carotid recesses, pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, dimensions of the sphenoid sinus, and the number and posterior insertion sites of sphenoid septa. Results: The sphenoid rostrum was found to be the best midline reference for transsphenoidal approaches to the sellar region. Internal septa should not be considered safe midline references. The sphenoid ostium are located laterally to the midline, and are a safe site at which to initiate the opening of the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus in the mid-caudal direction. The lateral bony walls of the sphenoid sinus are not always present at the carotid and optic prominence levels. The working channel to approach the sella is determined by the distance between the internal carotid arteries, the average distance being 11.24 mm. Conclusions: Computed tomography reveals the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and sellar region and, thus, facilitates the trans-sphenoidal approach to the skull base.


Assuntos
Humanos , Base do Crânio , Crânio , Seio Esfenoidal , Tomografia , Anatomia
3.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 32(4): 217-221, dic. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1222524

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir el uso de la proteína Beta Trace (PBT) como marcador de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en una serie de casos de pacientes con sospecha de fístula de LCR (FLCR). Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con datos recolectados en forma prospectiva, observacional y descriptiva. Se revisaron las historias clínicas, estudio por imágenes y datos de laboratorio de una serie de 19 pacientes con sospecha de FLCR en los cuales se había realizado la detección de la PBT mediante electroforesis bidimensional, entre julio 2015-julio 2018. Resultado: La edad promedio fue de 48,1 años, 9 fueron hombres y 10 mujeres, 10 pacientes provenían de neurocirugía, 7 de otorrinolaringología (ORL), y 2 de traumatología (OyT). De las 19 muestras, 14 fueron positivas para la detección de PBT. Cinco casos (26.32%) presentaron antecedente de meningitis, todos ellos con PBT positivo. De los casos positivos, 14 fueron tratados, 3 sin cirugía y 11 con cirugía. La principal causa fue post quirúrgica (n=9). El seguimiento promedio fue de 13,79 meses, 13 casos tuvieron resultado "favorable" y uno "desfavorable". Los 5 casos con PBT negativa fueron tratados con medidas no quirúrgicas. Todos con resultado "favorable". Conclusión: La PBT permitió, en los casos positivos, detectar LCR en las secreciones estudiadas, y en los negativos, descartarla.


Objective: To describe the use of beta-trace protein (BTP) as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker in patients with suspected CSF leakage. Methods and Materials: A retrospective study was conducted using data previously collected for a prospective, observational study. Data included the case records, imaging studies and laboratory data from a series of 19 patients with suspected CSF leakage in whom two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed for BTP detection, between July 2015 and July 2018. Results: Average patient age was 48.1 years old, with nine males and ten females. Ten patients were from neurosurgery, seven from otorhinolaryngology (ENT), and two from traumatology. Of the 19 samples, 14 were positive for BTP. Nine of the patients (47.4%) sustained their CSF leakage during surgery. Five patients (26.3%) had a history of meningitis, all with positive BTP. All 14 BTP-positive cases were treated, three without and 11 with surgery. Average post-operative follow-up was 13.8 months, with 13 patients experiencing a "favorable" and one "unfavorable" outcome. All five patients who screened negative for BTP were treated non-surgically and had a favorable outcome. Conclusions: In patients in whom BTP was identified, the marker was useful for detecting CSF in the secretions studied. Amongst those who screened negative for BTP, its absence helped to rule out the presence of a CSF leak.


Assuntos
Humanos , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Crânio , Fístula , Neurocirurgia
4.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 78(1): 33-36, feb. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-894544

RESUMO

El oncocitoma fusocelular es una neoplasia selar primaria no endocrina infrecuente, de curso clínico benigno. Debido a su similitud morfológica con los adenomas hipofisarios, considerar al oncocitoma como diagnóstico diferencial lleva a un abordaje quirúrgico cuidadoso, con el objetivo de evitar el sangrado intraquirúrgico y lograr la resección más completa posible, de la que parecería depender la evolución a largo plazo. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 60 años que consultó por alteración campimétrica. La evaluación bioquímica evidenció panhipopituitarismo y la resonancia magnética (RM) una lesión selar. Se indicó tratamiento quirúrgico por compromiso visual con diagnóstico presuntivo de macroadenoma hipofisario no funcionante. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue compatible con oncocitoma fusocelular. En la RM selar, postquirúrgica (a los 5 meses), se observó remanente tumoral y se decidió realizar radiocirugía, constatándose en las subsiguientes RM disminución tumoral sin evidencia de remanente ni recidiva en 4 años de seguimiento. La comunicación de nuevos casos de esta entidad permitirá aumentar la disponibilidad de evidencia y ayudará a determinar la eficacia de los tratamientos disponibles y el pronóstico.


Spindle cell oncocytoma is an infrequent benign non-endocrine sellar neoplasm. Due to its similar morphology to pituitary adenomas, consideration of this differential diagnosis would conduce to a more careful surgical approach in order to avoid intraoperative bleeding and aiming to a complete resection, on which depends long-term outcomes. We present the case of a 60-year-old male who complained about visual abnormalities, with computerized visual field confirmation. On biochemistry, a panhypopituitarism was detected. The brain magnetic resonance images showed a sellar mass. A non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma was presumptively diagnosed and due to the visual impairment, surgical transesphenoidal treatment was indicated. The histological diagnosis was spindle cell oncocytoma. Five months after surgery, the control image demonstrated a lesion that was considered as remnant tumor, hence radiosurgery was performed. During the follow-up, the tumor reduced its size and four years after initial treatment, the sellar resonance imaging showed disappearance of the residual tumor. Communication of new cases of this rare entity will enlarge the existing evidence and will help to determinate the most effective treatment and prognosis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico , Adenoma Oxífilo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/cirurgia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Seguimentos , Adenoma Oxífilo/cirurgia
5.
Prensa méd. argent ; 103(1): 7-11, 20170000. fig
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1379995

RESUMO

Los abordajes tradicionales a la base de cráneo incluyen incisiones transcraneales con grandes resecciones óseas, retracción y manipulación del cerebro generando altos índices de morbimortalidad. Los abordajes endoscópicos cambian el enfoque de la base de cráneo permitiendo crear corredores más directos, disminuyendo las complicaciones. Esto comprende un verdadero trabajo en equipo entre Neurocirujanos y Otorrinolaringólogos experimentados. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar y describir algunos de los abordajes endoscópicos ampliados de base de cráneo.


Traditional approaches to the skull base include transcranial incisions with large bone resections, brain retraction and manipulation, generating high rates of morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic approaches shift the focus of the skull base allowing to create more direct corridors, reducing complications.True teamwork is necessary between experienced Neurosurgeons and Otolaryngologists. The aim of this paper was to analyze and describe some of the extended endoscopic skull base approaches.


Assuntos
Humanos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Base do Crânio/cirurgia , Base do Crânio/lesões , Endoscopia
6.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 26(2): 51-57, 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-655872

RESUMO

Objetivo: describir el abordaje extremo lateral y su uso en la resección tumoral de una lesión de clivus y en el clipado de un aneurisma vertebro-PICA derecho. Material y método: se estudió la región occipito-cervical de dos cabezas de cadáveres adultos (cuatro arterias vertebrales), fijadas en formol e inyectadas con silicona coloreada. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y el archivo de imágenes de dos pacientes, con patología tumoral y vascular respectivamente, evaluados y tratados en el Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín” y en el “Centro Médico” de la Universidad de Nueva York, durante el año 2009. Descripción: se valoró el estudio anatómico de piezas cadavéricas del área occipitocervical en conjunto con las distintas estrategias de abordaje quirúrgico, describiendo tanto las estructuras anatómicas de interés, como las ventajas y desventajas de cada técnica. Conclusión: el abordaje extremo lateral es una herramienta efectiva para acceder a lesiones vasculares y neoplásicas del área anterolateral de la unión craneovertebral. Requiere una completa preparación prequirúrgica del paciente, un minucioso conocimiento anatómico de la región, el estricto monitoreo neurofisiológico y anestésico durante el acto quirúrgico y un oportuno examen y control postoperatorio que incluya la evaluación precoz del impacto sobre los pares bajos


Assuntos
Tronco Encefálico , Fossa Craniana Posterior , Forame Magno , Nervo Hipoglosso , Artéria Vertebral
7.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 24(3): 101-103, jul.-sept. 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-583689

RESUMO

Objetivo. Describir dos casos de hematoma cerebeloso después de cirugía supratentorial: un hematoma subdural (caso 1) y un higroma subdural (caso 2). Material y método. Análisis de las historias clínicas e imágenes de dos pacientes evaluadas en el Hospital de Clínicas y en el Hospital Español en 2009. Resultados. Caso 1: Paciente masculino de 70 años, con hemiparesia izquierda y lúcido que después de la evacuación de un hematoma subdural sufrió una hemorragia sobre las folias cerebelosas y presentó hematoma vermiano de 2,5 cm a las 72 horas de la cirugía. La evolución fue desfavorable con un súbito déficit neurológico e insuficiencia cardiorrespiratoria. Caso 2: Paciente femenino de 40 años, con un hematoma vermiano asintomático de 1 cm encontrado en la TAC de control a las 72 horas de la cirugía. Evoluciónsin déficit neurológico. Conclusión. La cirugía supratentorial con pérdida abundante de LCR sería el factor más importante de esta complicación. Elhiperdrenaje de LCR produce relajación del cerebelo con la consiguiente tracción y rotura de las venas puente que van a la tienda, provocando hematomas subdurales e infartos venosos hemorrágicos del cerebelo. Estos dos casos reportados fueron operados sin drenaje subdural aspirativo con pérdida abundante de LCR durante 72 y 48 horas respectivamente, que es el patrón etiológico más frecuente según la mayoría de los autores.


Assuntos
Cirurgia Geral , Hematoma
8.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 24(3): 144-146, jul.-sept. 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-583696

RESUMO

Objective. To describe five cases of cranial vault metastasis. Materials and methods. Clinical records and images of five patients with cranial vault metastasis were reviewed at the “Hospital de Clinicas” and “Hospital Español” from Buenos Aires, between January 2009 to June 2010. Results. Case 1, 63 years old female, complains for headache with aleatory response to medical therapy; MRI: right occipital bone lession; Pathological Finding: breast carcinoma metastasis. Case 2, 70 years old female, complains for palpable lession of the scalp; MRI: right fronto-parietal intraxial lession and right parietal cranial vault lession; Pathological Finding: endometrial carcinoma metastasis (primary, diagnosed 4 months before). Case 3, 76 years old female, with palpable lession in the scalp; MRI: left parietal cranial vault lesion. Pathological Finding: kidney carcinoma metastasis (primary, diagnosed in 2008). Case 4, 50 years old female and Case 5, 78 years old male, both complains for bone pain; serological findings and marrow bone biopsy compatible with multiplemyeloma; screening of the long bones and cranial vault demonstrate evidence of bone infiltration. Conclusion. Metastasis at the cranial vault often presents with headache or pain upon inspection of a palpable scalp lession. Images of the CNS involves CT scan (delimitate lession and differentiates litic from blastic metastasis) and MRI (shows the degree of dural and brain infiltration). Prevalence of cranial vault metastasis is greater than brain metastasis, but this underdiagnosis is due that the first are frequently course without symptoms.


Assuntos
Metástase Neoplásica , Crânio
9.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 22(2): 101-105, abr.-jun. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-515628

RESUMO

Resultados. El formato “estándar” de la clase teórica no es efectivo si el objetivo es que los alumnos retengan y comprendan los temas más relevantes para su futuro desempeño profesional. Las clases teóricas promueven un aprendizaje pasivo y este tipo de aprendizaje NO es la forma más eficiente de aprender. Los estudiantes aprenden mejor cuando toman un rol activo en su proceso de aprendizaje. En este problema educativo tenemos como cómplices a nuestros alumnos. En general los estudiantes no leen para las clases. Como los alumnos no leen previamente el docente no tiene otra opción que dar una clase teórica. El Constructivismo nos aporta una posibilidad de romper este círculo vicioso que nos fuerza a utilizar un método inefectivo de enseñanza.Esta corriente pedagógica ve el aprendizaje como un proceso en el cual el estudiante construye activamente nuevos conceptos. Pero para aplicar las técnicas del constructivismo se requiere que los alumnos lean los contenidos en forma previa a la clase. ¿Cómo lograrlo? Comenzando cada clase con una evaluación sobre sus contenidos. De esta manera el docente puede dedicar tiempo de la clase a resolver problemas clínicos y así desarrollar habilidades de pensamiento crítico de sus alumnos.


Assuntos
Educação Médica , Aprendizagem , Aula , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas
10.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 20(1): 7-11, ene.-mar. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-634712

RESUMO

Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la localización de la cara anterior del seno esfenoidal y la superficie externa del cráneo, ubicando el punto esfenoselar para orientar el abordaje endonasal. Método. Se utilizaron cuatro cabezas de cadáveres adultos, fijadas en formol e inyectadas con silicona coloreada, y diez cráneos secos. Los cráneos fueron divididos por la mitad y se ubicó el punto esfenoselar, que corresponde a la intersección de una línea vertical que pasa por la pared anterior del seno esfenoidal con una línea horizontal que pasa por el piso de la silla turca. Luego se estudió a relación entre dicho punto y la superficie externa del cráneo, utilizando un torno y dirigiendo la mecha desde el punto esfenoselar ateralmente. Así, se realizaron mediciones entre la representación externa del punto esfenoselar y el conducto auditivo externo. Resultados. El punto esfenoselar se ubicó en la superficie externa del cráneo a un promedio de 4,01 cm por delante y 2,33 cm por arriba del conducto auditivo externo. Dicho punto fue útil durante la cirugía, ya que permitió orientar la dirección del abordaje paralelo al piso del quirófano. Conclusión. Con la ayuda del punto esfenoselar, se pudo trazar imaginariamente la dirección de la vía endonasal, disminuyendo el riesgo de desviación rostrocaudal del abordaje.


Objective. To determine the location between the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus and the external surface of the skull, localizing the spheno-sellar point as a guide in the endonasal approach. Method. Four formalin-fixed adult cadaveric heads, injected with colored silicon, and ten dry skulls, were used. The skulls were divided in the midline and the spheno-sellar point, that corresponds to the intersection between a vertical line that cross through the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus and an horizontal line that cross through the floor of the sella turcica, was located. Then, the relationship between the spheno-sellar point and the external surface of the skull was studied, using drill and pointing the tip from the spheno-sellar point laterally. Thusmeasures between the external representation of the sphenosellar point and the external additive meatus were done. Results. The spheno-sellar point is located in the external surface of the skull 4.01 cm ahead and 2.33 cm above the external auditive meatus. That point was useful during surgery in order to guide the approach parallel to the floor of the operating room. Conclusion. With the help of the spheno-sellar point, we could trace the imaginary direction of the endonasal way, decreasing the risk of rostrocaudally deviation during the approach


Assuntos
Hipófise , Seio Esfenoidal , Adenoma
11.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 18(3): 159-163, jul.-sept. 2004. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-390641

RESUMO

Objective: to describe the anatomy and the operative approaches to the jugular foramen. Method: twenty dry heads and four formalin-fixed adults heads injected with silicon were examined. We performed measurements of the jugular foramen in the dry heads and the operative approaches in a stepwise manner in the formalin - fixed heads. Results: the jugular foramen is divided into three compartments: the petrosal (inferior petrosal sinus), the intrajugular (glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accesory nerves) and the sigmoid (sigmoid sinus) parts. In 65 por ciento dry heads the right foramen was larger than the left, in 5 por ciento equal, and in 30 por ciento smaller than the left. The length of the jugular foramen was 14.29mm from the endocranial view and 15,10mm from the exocranial view. The approaches to the jugular foramen are the retrosigmoid, the far-lateral paracondylar, the transmastoid infralabyrinthine and the preauricular infratemporal. Conclusion: the operative approaches to the jugular foramen can be categorized into three groups: 1)a posterior group directed through the posterior cranial fossa, 2) a lateral group directed through the mastoid bone, and 3) an anterior group directed through the tympanic bone


Assuntos
Base do Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Base do Crânio/cirurgia , Microcirurgia , Osso Occipital , Osso Temporal
12.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 18(3): 167-170, jul.-sept. 2004. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-390643

RESUMO

Objective: to describe the incidence and the different etiologies of oculomotor palsy in neurosurgical patients. Methods: Hospital records from the last 3 years were retrospectively reviewed. Five formalin-fixed adults heads were examined using X6 to X40 magnification. A correlation between clinical findings, anatomical studies and MRI images was performed. Results: medical records from 382 patients operated on at our department were reviewed. Of these, 16 patients underwent complete oculomotor palsy before brain surgery. Two patients had a mesencephalic tumor, 6 patients underwent uncal herniation due to a fast-growing intracranial mass, one patient had a superior cerebellar artery aneurysm, 3 patients had a posterior communicating artery aneurysm, one patient had a cavernous sinus meningioma. An analysis of the clinical, anatomical and MRI/ angiography data of 5 cases are presented in this study. Conclusion: oculomotor palsy is a relatively common finding in neurosurgical practice. The fact that it can be caused by different etiologies should be considered in order to arrive to the appropiate diagnosis and treatment. Anatomical knowledge of third nerve is very important when dealing with oculomotor palsy


Assuntos
Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Nervo Oculomotor , Doenças do Nervo Oculomotor
13.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 17(4): 211-213, oct.-dic. 2003. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-390592

RESUMO

Objective: to describe 3 cases of intracranial cystic meningioma. Description: Case 1 (male, 24 years old), with headache, vomits, right homonymous hemianopsia and conductal disorder, in the last 2 months. MRI: left parieto - occipital cystic tumor. Case 2 (male, 56 years old) with generalized siezure, in the last month. MRI. left parietal cystic tumor. In the three cases, the suspected diagnose was glioma. Intervention: in the 3 cases a craniotomy was perfomed, with total (cases 2 and 3) or partial resection of the tumor (case 1). The cysts were intratumoral (case 2) and extratumoral (cases 1 and 3). Pathology informed meningioma. The outcome was favorable, with no complications. Conclusion: It is very difficult to make a diagnosis of cystic meningioma before surgery procedure and pathological analysis. During surgery they behave as solid meningiomas


Assuntos
Humanos , Craniotomia , Meningioma
14.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 17(4): 214-216, oct.-dic. 2003. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-390593

RESUMO

Objective: to report a case of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) of the posterior fossa. Description: male, 53 years old, with a clinical presentation of dizziness and diplopia. MRI: posterior fossa tumor in the left cerebellar hemisphere, with an extension to the peduncle, brain stem and cerebellopontine angle. Intervention: a subtotal ressection was performed through a suboccipital craniotomy. Pathology informed GBM. After surgery the patient completed the treatment with radiotherapy (60Gy). The outcome was favorable. Conclusion: the preoperative diagnosis of a posterior fossa GBM is difficult because its a extremely rare localization, nevertheless it must be suspected


Assuntos
Humanos , Glioblastoma , Glioma , Neoplasias Infratentoriais , Radioterapia
15.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 17(4): 229-232, oct.-dic. 2003. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-390597

RESUMO

Objective: to describe our surgical experience in suvacute and chronic subdural hematomas. Method: 176 patients with subacute or chronic subdural hematomas were operated between June 1998 and May 2003. Hospital records were used to ascertain data. We did a comparative analysis of the different types of surgical procedures performed. Results: the surgical procedure commonly performed was a burrhole craniostomy with subdural closed - system drainage (66 por ciento). This procedure was associated with a low rate of complications and reoperations, in comparison with the burr hole craniostomy or the craniostomy without subdural closed-system drainge. Global recurrence rate was 13 por ciento and 20,4 por ciento of the cases required reoperation. Clinical improvement rate was 72,3 por ciento. Conclusion: In our cases, burr hole craniostomy with closed-system drainge was the method of choice for the initial treatment in subacute and chronic subdural hematomas. Craniotomy should be reserved for those cases of recurrence or residual hematoma


Assuntos
Drenagem , Hematoma Subdural Crônico/cirurgia , Hematoma Subdural Crônico/diagnóstico , Hematoma Subdural Agudo
16.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 17(4): 236-239, oct.-dic. 2003. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-390599

RESUMO

Objective: to define the limits of the ambient cistern and to show the different ways to approach that space. Method: four formalin-fixed adults were examined using X6 to X40 magnification. The vessels were filled with colored silicon. Results: The ambient cistern is located in both sides of the mesencephalon; it is in relation with the crural cistern in front, the cuadrigeminal cistern behind and the cerebellopontine cistern bellow. The diferent approaches to the ambient cistern are; 1)transchoroidal approach, 2)infraoccipital transtentorial approach and 3) supracerebellar transtentorial approach. Conclusion: the transchoroidal, infraoccipital transtentorial and supracerebellar transtentorial are options when there are a lesion in the ambient cistern


Assuntos
Espaço Subaracnóideo
17.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 17(3): 137-140, jul.-sept. 2003. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-390605

RESUMO

Objective: To describe 2 cases of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Description: Case 1 (24 years old female) complained of right ciatica and wakness in the last 15 days, with urinary retention. MRI showed a conus medullaris lesion that enhanced with gadolinium. Case 2 (47 years old female) with a previous history of a high grade B-cell limphoma, complaneid of astenia, anorexia and radicular pain. Lately she developed neurological deterioration, VII nerve palsy, urinary retention and seizures. A cisternal puncture was positive for neoplastic cells. Intervention: In case 1 surgery was performed and pathology infrmed high grade glioma. After 30 days she developed a meningeal syndrome with bilateral VI and VII cranial nerves paresis and neurological deterioration. Lumbar puncture was positive for neoplastic cells. She died after 15 days. Case 2 received intrathecal chemotherapy. Conclusion: Patients with extraneural malignat tumors and high grade tumors of the nervous system that refer signs and symptoms of a meningeal dissemination, meningeal carcinomatosis must be suspected


Assuntos
Carcinoma , Neoplasias Meníngeas
18.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 17(3): 141-144, jul.-sept. 2003. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-390606

RESUMO

Objective: To describe a case of bilateral idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor with intracranial extension. Description: a 46 years old female patient complaneid of right eye blurred vision and amaurosis since the past 9 months. Examination revealed: right eye 7/10 visual acuity and exophthalmos; left eye amaurosis and optic atrophy: CT scan and MRI showed a bilateral intraorbital and intracanal lesions with left intracranial extension. Intervention: Through a left frontal approach the left intracranial extension eas removed and the optic nerve was decomprssed. Intraoperative biopsy revealed a linfoproliferative lesion. Surgery ended and definitive pathology was informed as an inflammatory pseudomotor. The patient received corticoids with a good response. Conclusion: The presence of bilateral intraorbital lesions with intracranial extension, should force us too think about inflammatory pseudotumors


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Cegueira , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Pseudotumor Orbitário , Tomografia
19.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 17(3): 145-146, jul.-sept. 2003. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-390607

RESUMO

Objective: To describe a patient with a IX cranial nerve neurinoma of the cerebellopontine angle. Description: A 29 years old woman complained of headache and decreased hearing of the right ear during the last two years. MRI showed a lesion in the right cerebellopontine angle. Intervention: The patient was operated through a retrosigmoid approach. During surgery we realized that the lesion was related to the glossopharyngeal nerve. The tumor was totally resected, without postoperative morbidity. The pathologist informed schwanoma. Conclusion: The possibility of a glossopharyngeal schwannoma with auditive loss is possible


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Nervo Glossofaríngeo , Neurilemoma
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