Tempo para exaustão no acúmulo de lactato sanguíneo em corredores com diferentes habilidades atléticas / Time to exhaustion at the onset of blood lactate accumulation in runners with different athletic ability

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar as respostas fisiológicas de corredores com diferentes habilidades de velocidade durante o lactato sanguíneo (OBLA) e determinar se 4 mmol•L-1 representam a mesma intensidade de exercício relativa para cada corredor. MÉTODOS: Onze corredores treinados e doze bem treinados completaram dois testes de corrida em esteira: primeiramente, um teste máximo de lactato com incremento para calcular o OBLA (Teste 1) e a seguir um outro no OBLA correspondente até exaustão (Teste 2). As trocas de gases e frequência cardíaca (FC) foram continuamente medidas e plotadas em porcentagem de tempo referente à exaustão no Teste 2 (TET 2). A velocidade de limite de lactato individual (VLL) e concentração de lactato ([La-1]LL) foram calculadas de acordo com o método de D-max. RESULTADOS: OBLA e VLL foram maiores em corredores bem treinados (P<0.001).[La-1]LL foi<4 mmol•L-1 nos corredores bem treinados (P<0.001), mas não nos treinados. Os corredores bem treinados foram mais rápidos em OBLA do que em VLL (P<0.001). Os corredores bem treinados correram um TET2 mais curto do que os corredores treinados (P<0.05). Além disso, os corredores bem treinados apresentaram taxa respiratória mais alta em 50, 80 e 90% de TET2 e VO2 em 20-100% de TET2 (P<0.05). TET2 se relacionou inversamente (P<0.01) com OBLA e positivamente com melhor rendimento individual em 10km (P<0.01).OBLA se relacionou positivamente com a %VO2max no Teste 2 (P<0.01). O valor padrão (4 mmol•L-1) para a concentração de lactato sanguíneo parece representar uma intensidade de exercício diferente para corredores com habilidades atléticas diferentes. CONCLUSÃO: OBLA pode não ser preciso para desenvolver sessões de treinamento de corrida ou para a avaliação da capacidade aeróbica.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the physiological responses of runners with different velocity abilities at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) and to determine if 4 mmol•L-1 represent the same relative exercise intensity for each runner. METHODS: Eleven trained and twelve well-trained runners completed two running tests on treadmill: first, a maximal incremental lactate test to calculate OBLA (Test 1), and then another one at the corresponding OBLA until exhaustion (Test 2). Gas exchange and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured and plotted as a percentage of time to exhaustion in Test 2 (TET2). The individual lactate threshold velocity (VLT) and lactate concentration ([La-1]LT) were calculated according to the D-max method. RESULTS: VOBLA and VLT were higher in well-trained runners (P<0.001). [La-1]LT was <4 mmol•L-1 in the well-trained runners (P<0.001), but not in the trained ones. Well-trained runners were faster at VOBLA than at VLT (P<0.001). Well-trained runners ran a shorter TET2 than the trained runners (P<0.05). Moreover, well-trained runners presented a higher respiratory rate at 50, 80 and 90% of TET2 and VO2 at 20-100% of TET2 (P<0.05). TET2 was inversely correlated (P<0.01) with VOBLA and positively with personal best 10-km performance (P<0.01). VOBLA was positively correlated with the %VO2max in Test 2 (P<0.01). The standard value (4 mmol•L-1) for the concentration of blood lactate seems to represent a different exercise intensity for runners of different athletic ability. CONCLUSION: VOBLA may not be accurate for the design of running training sessions or for evaluation of aerobic capacity.

Transferencia de resultados de investigación en políticas, sistemas y servicios de salud a tomadores de decisión en una Organización de Salud Pública / Transfer of research results in policies, systems and services to decision makers in an Organization for Public Health

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las estrategias de transferencia de resultados de investigación en políticas, sistemas y servicios de salud (IPSSS) utilizadas por los investigadores de una organización de salud pública brasileña. La transferencia de conocimientos es entendida como un proceso interactivo y comprometido de intercambio de conocimientos entre investigadores y tomadores de decisión para articular los conocimientos y las tecnologías producidas por la comunidad científica a los procesos decisorios necesarios para producir impactos positivos en los sistemas y servicios de salud. Se tomó como referencial metodológico el modelo desarrollado por John Lavis para guiar los esfuerzos de los investigadores en la transferencia de conocimientos a los tomadores de decisión basado en cuatro dimensiones: mensaje, audiencia, mensajero y proceso de transferencia de conocimientos. Se elaboró un cuestionario auto-aplicado a 71 investigadores para conocer las actividades de transferencia de resultados efectuadas en los proyectos de IPSSS seleccionados. La proporción de respuesta al cuestionario fue de 80 por cento. Las principales temáticas de investigación de los proyectos fueron evaluación de políticas, servicios y programas de salud y se identificaron como audiencias para transferir los resultados a los gerentes de servicios de salud y a los gestores federales, estatales y municipales. Las actividades de transferencia de conocimientos se ejecutaron a partir de la generación de los resultados de investigación y no desde el inicio del proceso deinvestigación. Así, con los resultados de investigación generados se establecieron los procesos de interacción entre los investigadores y las audiencias identificadas como discusión de los informes de investigación y análisis e interpretación de los resultados. Pocas veces se destinó presupuesto para el desarrollo de actividades de transferencia de resultados...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the strategies of knowledge transfer of the findings in Health Policy, Systems and Services Research (HPSSR) used byresearchers of a Brazilian public health organization. Knowledge transfer is an interactive and engaged process of knowledge exchange between researchers and decision makers withthe objective of apply the knowledge and technologies produced by the scientific community to necessary decision making processes in order to produce positive impacts in health systems and services. The Methodological reference we used was a model developed by John Lavis to guide the efforts of researchers in knowledge transfer to decision makers based on four dimensions: message, target audience, messenger, and knowledge transfer process. We designed a self-assessment questionnaire for 71 researchers in order to investigate the research transfer activities developed by them on the chosen HPSSRprojects. The survey response rate was 80%. The project’s main research topics were policy, services and programs assessment, and the target audiences identified for research transfer were health services managers and federal, state and city council policy makers.The knowledge transfer activities were carried out once research findings were generated and not from the beginning of the research process. Once the research findings generated, interaction processes between researchers and target audiences were established, such as research reports discussions and research findings analyses and interpretation. A budget for developed research transfer activities was seldom assigned. Also, there was fewsummarized information about research findings or fine-tuned to the target audience’s needs. Finally, we found that knowledge transfer activities happen more frequently when it was demanded by the financial sponsor, and also, that interactions with decision-makerswere more frequent when the researcher...