Synthesis of new pyrimidine and pyrido[2,3-D]pyrimidine derivatives with evaluation of antitumor activity

The carbothioamide derivatives of 6-aminopyrimidine-2,4-[1H,3H]dione [2a-c] were prepared by the reaction of different isothiocyanates with 6-aminopyrimidine-2,4-[1H,3H]-dione [1]. Also, azo derivatives of pyrimidine-2,4-diont [3a-d] were obtained, while the Mannich bases [4a,b] were produced by the reaction of compound 1 with formalin and p-aminobenzene sulfonamide derivatives [sulfa drugs]. Pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine sulfonamide [5] was prepared by the reaction of compound 1 with excess of formalin solution and sulfadiazine. Furthermore, compound 1 was condensed with some aromatic aldehydes to give the Schiff's bases [6a-d] which on treating compounds [6b,d] with chloroacetylchloride gave compounds [7a,b].The pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives [8a-c, 9a-c, 10a-d] and [11a-c] were also synthesized. The antitumor activity of some of the synthesized compounds was evaluated

Effect of vaginal delivery on anal morphology revealed by anal endosonography

This study included 37 women [mean age of 29.8 years ranged 23-40 years], 20 of them were parous and 17 were nulliparous. For all women, anal endosonography was performed using Kretz Combison 311. Anal canal structures were measured at three levels; high, mid and low. Of the 20 parous women, three had anterior external sphincter defects and 17 had no endosonographic evidence of an anal canal sphincter scar and these women were compared with 17 nulliparous ones. A full set of endosonographic measurements was obtained. There was no significant difference between parous and nulliparous women with respect to subepithelial or internal sphincter thickness at any level. The longitudinal muscle was significantly thicker at both proximal and mid canal levels. Distal anal canal external sphincter was significantly greater in parous women when compared with the nulliparous ones. The anterior ring was significantly thinner in parous women when compared with nulliparous ones. It appeared that vaginal delivery caused change in anal canal anatomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy is safe for both mother and fetus

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out in 20 patients having the clinical picture of calcular cholecystitis during pregnancy. The pregnant females have suffered from persistent biliary troubles not responding to conservative medical measures. Persistent nausea vomiting, pain and inability to eat were recorded in 17 patients and acute cholecystitis in three patients. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed thick wall gallbladder with single and/or multiple stones in 15 patients. In three patients, the wall of the gallbladder was thin and distended with multiple stones. In two patients, the gallbladder was small, contracted with thick wall and contained multiple stones. The average operative time was 100 minutes. Dissection of the gallbladder was done by fundus first method in five patients. Two cases were converted to open surgery because of severe inflammation obscuring the anatomy in one case and severe adhesions in another one. The hospital stay ranged from four to seven days. The operation was successful in 18 patients