Fatores de risco para o câncer de esôfago: estudo caso-controle em área metropolitana da regiäo Sudeste do Brasil / Risk factors for cancer of the esophagus: a case control study in a metropolitan area of South-Eastern Brazil

A associaçäo do câncer de esôfago com os hábitos de fumar e beber, escolaridade e fatores nutricionais foi verificada em um estudo epidemiológico tipo caso-controle, conduzido no Município de Säo Paulo (Brasil). Oitenta e cinco casos foram comparados com 292 controles hospitalares, com diferentes diagnósticos, inclusive outros tipos de câncer. Estimativas brutas por ponto e por intervalo, dos odds ratios, foram obtidas para as variáveis de estudo. Com base nos resultados da análise bruta, foram selecionadas oito variáveis para a utlizaçäo de análise logística multivariada. O modelo final sugere que tanto o hábito de beber [odds ratio - 3,68; intervalo com 95 por cento de confiança (1,74 - 7,78)], como o de fumar [odds ratio = 4,86; intervalo com 95 por cento de confiança (1,95 - 12,13)] e o consumo freqüente de pimenta [odds ratio = 2,48; intervalo com 95 por cento de confiança (1,46 - 4,23)] säo fatores de risco importantes para a doença. Obteve-se odds ratio 3,43 (1,31-8,97) para o hábito de fumar cigarro comum e odds ratio 4,18 (1,38 - 12,66) para cigarro de palha

Relacion del tabaquismo con canceres de vias respiratorias, digestivas y urinarias: Estudio de casos y testigos / Relationship between smoking and cancers of respiratory, digestive, and urinary tract: A case control study

In Medellin, Colombia, a study was conducted on the relationship between smoking and the incidence of cancer. Data were also collected on the consumption of alcohol and coffee. Cases of cancer of the bladder, larynx, oral/hypopharyngeal cavity, and the lung were included, and controls were matched with the patients on the basis of sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Most of the tobacco smoked by the population studied was black tobacco. Verification of a strong correlation between the consumption of tobacco and cancer of these four sites confirms that smoking is a serious added health risk in the developing countries. It was confirmed that the habitual consumption of alcoholic beverages, especially those with a high alcohol content such as aquavite, increases the risk of developing cancers of the bladder, larynx, and oral/hypopharyngeal cavity. A correlation was observed between the consumption of coffe and cancers of the larynx and oral/hypopharyngeal cavity- an apparently new result that deserves to be investigated in greater depth. Research of this type is needed in the developing countries in order to have the information on which to base the adoption of anti-smoking measures