Three new lignan glucosides from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis

Three new lignan glucosides, baicalensinosides A-C (1-3), were isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis. The structural elucidation was achieved by in-depth spectroscopic examinations and qualitative chemical test. Structurally, these compounds belong to the 3,4-dibenzyltetrahydrofuran-type lignan glycoside with a mono-hydroxyl substitution at the 7'-position of benzylidene group on the numbering system of lignans being one of their shared critical features. The anti-osteoporotic activity of the isolated compounds was assessed in an in vitro osteoprotegerin (OPG) transcriptional activity assay using dual luciferase reporter detection. At 10 μmol/L, compounds 1-3 increased the relative activating ratio of OPG transcription to 1.83, 0.84 and 0.98 times that of the control group, respectively.

Chemical constituents of the roots of Macleaya microcarpa and activation efficacy of benzophenanthridine alkaloids for the transcription of xbp1 gene / 药学学报

Ongoing study on the chemical constituents of the roots of Macleaya microcarpa led to the isolation of eight compounds of derivatives of triterpenes and organic acids in addition to some previously identified benzophenanthridines. The eight compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods as well as comparison with literature values as 1-oxo-2, 22 (30)-hopandien-29-oic acid (1), 3-oxo-12-oleanen-30-oic acid (2), 3α-hydroxy-12-oleanen-30-oic acid (3), 3β-hydroxy-12-oleanen-30-oic acid (4), ferulic acid (5), ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside (6), 3-O-feruloylquinic acid (7), and methyl 3-O-feruloylquinate (8). Of which, 1 is a new triterpenoid of hopanes and 2-8 are isolated from M microcarpa for the first time. In order to discover natural active compounds as potential agents of anti-ulcerative colitis (UC), an in vitro drug high-throughput screening model targeted x-box-binding protein 1 (xbp1) was employed to evaluate the activity of the major chemical constituents of M microcarpa. The result confirmed that two dihydrobenzophenanthridines, dihydrosanguinarine (9) and dihydrochelerythrine (10), showed a certain activity on activating the transcription of xbpl, a transcription factor (TF) associated with the occurrence, development, and potential treatment of UC, with their relative activating ratios being 1.76 and 1.77 times, respectively, as compared with control group.

Effects of the active components of Chinese herbal medicine Xiaoxuming Decoction on memory behavior and brain injury in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia / 中西医结合学报

To study the effects of the active components of Xiaoxuming Decoction (XXM), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.

Effects of the effective component group of Chinese herbal medicine Xiaoxuming Decoction on brain mitochondria in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia / 中西医结合学报

To investigate the effects of the effective component group of Xiaoxuming Decoction (XXM), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on cerebral mitochondria in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.

Structure determination of five trace chemical constituents from roots of Linum usitatissimum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the trace chemical constituents from the roots of Linum usitatissimum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Isolation and purification of the trace constituents were carried out mainly by solvents extraction and macroporous adsorbing resin and silica gel column chromatography. The structures of the isolates were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis,including 1D and 2D NMR, MS, and HRMS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Five trace compounds were isolated and identified as 3-methyl-2, 5-pyrrolidinedione-5-oxime (1), hypoxanthine (2), nonanedioic acid-1,9 (3), and the mixture of isoleucine and leucine(4 and 5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2-5 are isolated from L. usitatissimum for the first time.</p>

Activity evaluation of components and preparation of effective components group of xiaoxuming decoction for anti-cerebral ischemic / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>On basis of preliminary studies, to prepare the effective components group of Xiaoxuming decoction for anti-ischemic by combining chemical analysis with pharmacological activity screening.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Free radical scavenging was assayed by DPPH method; the cell viability injured by hydrogen peroxide, L-glutamate, and hypoxia was determined by MTT assay; TBA method was used to determine mitochondrial lipid peroxidation.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Comprehensive analysis of multi-target results, the comprehensive activities of 40% ethanol elution and the middle layer were the highest.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>40% ethanol elution and the middle layer were proportionally mixed as the effective components group of Xiaoxuming decoction.</p>

Chemical constituents of rhizomes of Zingiber officinale / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Isolation and purification of the chemical constituents were carried out on the column chromatography of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The structures were elucidated on basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ten compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol palmitate (1), isovanillin (2), glycol monopalmitate (3), hexacosanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (4), maleimide-5-oxime (5), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (6), adenine (7), 6-gingerol (8), 6-shogaol (9), and 1-(omega-ferulyloxyceratyl) glycerols (10a-10f).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-7 and 10a-10e are obtained from Z. officinale for the first time, and compound 10f is a new compound.</p>

Exclusive control substance of radix Stephaniae tetrandrae / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop the system for the exclusive control substance of plant drug (CSPD) in traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHM), this paper investigated the (CSPD) of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae as well as its proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical methods for the purpose of original identification and quality control of the crude drug.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The CSPDs and their 1H-NMR and HPLC profiles of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae were obtained by standardized procedure. Chemical components were isolated from the CSPD by silica gel column chromatography. The assignments of the characteristic signals in 1H-NMR and HPLC profiles were achieved on the basis of elucidation of the isolates structures.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>For nine samples from the different sources in this paper, the 1H-NMR and HPLC profiles from eight sources had wonderful reproducibility and characteristics, and the other gave differences compared with the eight samples in the signal strength of the main components. Furthermore, seven compounds were isolated from CSPD and their chemical structures were authenticated by spectral analysis as tetrandrine, fangchinoline, tetrandrine-2'-N-beta-oxide, tetrandrine-2'-N-alpha-oxide, dicentrine, dicentrinone, and adenine, respectively. The 1H-NMR and HPLC profiles of the CSPD of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae showed mainly the characteristic signals of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids isolated in this work.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 1H-NMR and HPLC profiles of the CSPD of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae exhibit the structures and total composition of the main active constituents in it, and can be used for its original identification and quality evaluation.</p>

Chemical constituents of Lobelia chinensis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from Lobelia chinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were extracted with 95% EtOH, partitioned with different solvents, and isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and crystallization, their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven compounds were isolated from the titled plant. They were identified as 5-hydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone-7-O-rutinoside (1), n-butyl-O-beta-D-fructopyranoside (2), 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin (3), cirsiumaldehyde (4), diosmetin (5), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (6), and 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (7).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 2-4, 6, and 7 were obtained from the titled plant for the first time.</p>

Investigation on the Structure and Immunomodulating Activities of Polysaccharides from the Seeds of Zea Mays / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the glycosidic linkage and immunomodulating activities of crude polysaccharides from the seeds of Zea mays. Methods Extraction, isolation and purification of polysaccharides were carried out with boiling-water extraction plus resolving deposit repeatedly. The structure was elucidated on basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and the biological activities were evaluated by means of Immunopharmacological examination. Results The structure of polysaccharides from the seeds of Z. mays exhibited identical structure with rice bran polysaccharides, i.e., a kind of glucan withα-1,4 andα-1,6 glucosidic bonds as the main frame. Conclusion Polysaccharides was obtained from the seeds of Z. mays for the first time, and it showed significant immunomodulating activity in mice.

Studies on chemical constituents of roots of Linum usitatissimum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Linum usitatissimum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ten compounds were isolated and identified as vanillic acid (1), syringic acid (2), xanthine (3), vitexin (4), isovanillin (5), (E)-3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-dihydroxystilbene (6), tachioside (7), beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol (8 and 9) mixture, berberine (10).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-3, 5-7, 10 were isolated from L. usitatissimum for the first time.</p>

Studies on Chemical Constituents of Bridelia tomentosa leaf / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To studythe chemical constituents of Bridelia tomentosa leaf.Methods The constituents of B.tomentosa werg isolated and purified by silica gel,their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spearoscopic analysis.Results Seven compounds were isolated from B.tomentosa.They were identified as tricin(1),cappariloside A(2),epifriedelanol(3),friedelin(4),tamarixetin(5),β-sitosterol(6),and stigrnasterol(7).Conclusion Compound 1 and 2 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Modernization of Chinese materia medica processing pieces / 中草药

In the modernization course of Chinese materia medica(CMM),two misunderstanding mistakes which are out of line with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory and excessively emphasize the research of CMM compound prescription and two difficult points which are the establishment of CMM quality control system and the establishment of CMM evaluation system were pointed out.Because the main means of TCM syndrome differentiation treatment and TCM combination therapy is CMM processing pieces and the starting point of the research of CMM efficacy substantial basis should be CMM processing pieces,the priority of the modernization of CMM should be the research on modern CMM processing pieces and the conditions have been mature now.The research on modern CMM pieces were supposed to take three steps:the research on "standardized extract",the research on "effective fraction" and the research on the CMM nature of "effective fraction".

Modernization of Chinese materia medica processing piece / 中草药

To elaborate the opinion on the modernization of Chinese materia medica(CMM) processing piece as CMM modernization has been fast developed with some blemish and obstacle yet.Modern CMM processing piece,guided by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory,is made by science and technology of nowadays and the quality control is performed by HPLC-13C-NMR quantitative fingerprints.Also,it is evaluated through modern pharmacology and by TCM evaluation theory.Modern CMM processing piece is improved from the essence of "effective extract" and "effective fraction".CMM Granula in prescription is only considered as a primitive and junior form of the modern CMM processing piece.So modern CMM processing piece,which is feasible,controllable,compatible,and practical,is the key of the modernization and internationalization of CMM.