Matrix Stiffness Affects Mitochondrial Heterogeneity of Tibial Plateau Chondrocytes in Knee Osteoarthritis / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the difference of matrix stiffness in different regions of tibial plateau in osteoarthritis (OA) and its effects on morphology of the cartilage and mitochondria. Methods The tibial plateau cartilage specimens of OA were obtained for nanoindentation test, transmission electron microscopy and histological analysis. The stiffness of cartilage matrix in different regions of OA tibial plateau was detected by nano-indentation. The morphology of cartilage mitochondria in different regions was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the changes of mitochondrial plane area, shape and ridge volume density were quantitatively analyzed. Cartilage injury in different regions of OA tibial plateau was observed by histological staining. Results The cartilage of OA tibial plateau showed regional heterogeneity, and the cartilage and mitochondria on medial side of varus knee OA were more severe, and the matrix stiffness was higher. The OA scores were positively correlated with matrix stiffness. There was also a significant correlation between OA scores and mitochondrial morphology: the higher OA scores, the larger and rounder mitochondrial plane area, and the lower cristae volume density. Conclusions The differences of tibial plateau revealed the correlation between cartilage matrix stiffness, OA scores and mitochondrial morphological parameters. The increased cartilage matrix stiffness may be the main cause of chondrocyte mitochondrial injury, and further aggravate the progression of OA.

Paired Comparison of Technical Factors Influencing Javelin Aerodynamic Distance / 医用生物力学

Objective To determine the effects of javelin release parameters related to aerodynamics on aerodynamic distance and results in javelin throwing in actual competition environments. MethodsKinematic data from javelin throwing of 22 Chinese and American elite women javelin throwers were obtained using three-dimensional videographic method. The trial with the longest aerodynamic distance and the trial with the shortest aerodynamic distance for each thrower in the same competition were included in this study. Aerodynamics-related techinical parameters in long and short aerodynamic distance trials were compared. Results Compared with short aerodynamicdistance trials, the vacuum flight distances of long aerodynamic distance trials were significantly shorter, but the official distances were significantly longer. The release velocities of long aerodynamic distance trials were significantly lower, the attack angles and bending angles were significantly smaller. The horizontal direction angles at release of the long aerodynamic distance trials were more to the right side. The elevation angles and horizontal pointing angles during right/left foot landing in long aerodynamic distance trials were not significantly different from those in short aerodynamic distance trials. Conclusions Throwing javelin with submaximal effort beneficiates the control of aerodynamics-related release parameters and thus increased chances to obtain long aerodynamic distance and better result in women javelin throwing. Reducing attack angle and releasing javelin about 5°to the right will assist women javelin throwers to obtain longer aerodynamic distance.

Comparison of Rotational Techniques between Chinese and World Elite Men’s Shot Put Athletes / 医用生物力学

Objective To compare rotational techniques used by Chinese and world elite men’s shot put athletes, so as to provide scientific references for Chinese male shot putters to improve their sports performance and results in international competitions. Methods Three-dimensional (3D) kinematics data from Chinese male shot putters in actual competitions were obtained, and kinematic parameters of Chinese and world elite men’s shot put athletes were calculated and compared. Namely, shot velocities and hip-shoulder separation angles at five critical instants of rotational techniques: right foot off, left foot off, right foot touchdown, left foot touchdown and release, as well as phase durations and shot travel distances during four critical phases: first single support, air-born flight, second single support and final delivery. ResultsCompared with world elite athletes, Chinese male shot putters using rotational techniques had significantly lower vertical release velocity, longer air-borne duration, smaller hip-shoulder separation angles at left foot off and touchdown instant, and longer shot travel distance during air-borne flight, but shorter shot travel distance during final shot delivery. Conclusions The difference in lower extremity strength is a primary casue leading to different sports performance between Chinese and world elite male shot putters. The technique differences in Chinese and world elite male shot putters mainly lie in different phase timing and shot travel distances during different techinique phases.

Effects of Gender and Maneuvers on ACL Injury Risk Factors for Volleyball Players / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the effect of gender and maneuvers on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors for volleyball players. Methods Sports biomechanics data of volleyball players during stop-jump, drop landing and sidestep cutting were collected. The ACL injury rate and biomechanical parameters of simulated injured jumps were obtained with Monte Carlo simulation. The influence of gender and maneuvers on ACL injury risk factors was validated by 2×3 mixed designed two-way ANOVA. Results Sidestep cutting was the highest risk maneuver of ACL injury for both genders (P＜0.001). Compared with male players, female players had a greater risk of ACL injury during sidestep cutting and stop-jump (P＜0.001), while male players were more prone to have ACL injury than female players during drop landing (P＜0.001). The risk factors of ACL injury obtained by simulation were significantly influenced by gender and maneuvers (P＜0.001). Conclusions Male players were more likely to increase ACL load due to smaller knee flexion, forward leg tilt and heel landing than female players during sidestep cutting, while female players owned larger ground reaction force (GRF) and knee extension moment. Smaller knee flexion angle during stop jump was the major risk factor for both genders, however more characteristics contributed to the males. Female players with large GRF, knee valgus and extension moment, and heel-landing were likely to have ACL injury, while the small knee flexion angle was the key risk factor for male players. The results can provide evidences for evaluation of volleyball players’ ACL injury risk, individualized injury prevention protocols, and clinical treatment and rehabilitation directions.

Estimation Method for Optimal Length of Hamstring Muscles in vivo / 医用生物力学

Objective To build a method for calculating the optimal length of hamstring muscles in vivo, and make comparison with other indirect parameters which represent the optimal length. Methods By synchronously recording knee flexion torque and kinematic data, the musculoskeletal model of lower limbs was built to obtain hamstring strength and muscle length, and to further calculate the optimal length of hamstring muscles. Results Flexion angle at peak knee flexion torque was significantly greater than that at peak hamstring strength and their correlation coefficient was 0.741. The optimal lengths of each bi-articulated hamstring muscles were significantly greater than the corresponding muscle lengths during standing and their correlation coefficients was low. Conclusions The established estimating method for optimal length of hamstring muscles provided references for future studies on injury mechanism and risk factors. Flexion angle at peak knee flexion torque could partly represent the optimal length of hamstring. It is not suggested that hamstring muscle length during standing should be used as an approximation of hamstring optimal length.

Kinsenoside attenuates osteoarthritis by repolarizing macrophages through inactivating NF-B/MAPK signaling and protecting chondrocytes

The objective was to investigate the effect of kinsenoside (Kin) treatments on macrophage polarity and evaluate the resulting protection of chondrocytes to attenuate osteoarthritis (OA) progression. RAW264.7 macrophages were polarized to M1/M2 subtypes then administered with different concentrations of Kin. The polarization transitions were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), confocal observation and flow cytometry analysis. The mechanism of Kin repolarizing M1 macrophages was evaluated by Western blot. Further, macrophage conditioned medium (CM) and IL-1 were administered to chondrocytes. Micro-CT scanning and histological observations were conducted on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mice with or without Kin treatment. We found that Kin repolarized M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, Kin inhibited the phosphorylation of IB, which further reduced the downstream phosphorylation of P65 in nuclear factor-B (NF-B) signaling. Moreover, Kin inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling molecules p-JNK, p-ERK and p-P38. Additionally, Kin attenuated macrophage CM and IL-1-induced chondrocyte damage. , Kin reduced the infiltration of M1 macrophages, promoted M2 macrophages in the synovium, inhibited subchondral bone destruction and reduced articular cartilage damage induced by ACLT. All the results indicated that Kin is an effective therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.

Study on the short-term effect of intensive insulin therapy combined with ulinastatin in treatment of moderate to severe acute pancreatitis / 临床外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effect of intensive insulin therapy combined with ulinastatin in treatment of moderate to severe acute pancreatitis.Methods 70 patients were chosen due to sudden severe acute pancreatitis and received inpatient treatment,they were randomly divided into two groups(35 cases each)according to the different treatment,the control group received conventional treat-ment of acute pancreatitis combined with ulinastatin,combination group were based on the treatment of control group combined with intensive insulin therapy,analysing data between the two groups of patients in hospital time,,the third and seventh day of the APACHE-score before and after the treatment,white blood cells,red blood cell,platelet count,blood glucose,liver and kidney function,IL-6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)changes.Results The time of hospitalization in the control group was(21.8 ± 13.2)days,the score of APACHE Ⅱ in the third day and seventh day were(10.5 ± 4.3)and(8.3 ± 3.1).The hospitalization time of the combined group was(18.9 ± 14.4)days and the third days,and the seventh days of APACHE Ⅱ score were(8.7 ± 3.2)and(5.7 ± 2.9)(P<0.05).The number of blood white blood cells,serum IL-6,hsCRP,alanine aminotransferase and serum creatinine between the two groups were also statistically significant after third and seventh days of admission(P<0.05).Conclusion Intensive insulin therapy combined with ulinastatin can significantly improve the short-term effect of in-patient treatment in patients with moderate to severe acute pancreatitis.

Expressions of SOX2, TWIST, and SNAIL in breast cancer and their clinical implications / 医学研究生学报

Objective As important transcription factors, SOX2, TWIST and SNAIL are closely related to breast cancer me?tastasis. The aim of this study was to explore the expressions of SOX2, TWIST and SNAIL in breast cancer and the relationship between the three factors. Methods We collected 74 specimens of breast cancer and another 74 from paired normal tissue from January 2012 to January 2013. Using immunohistochemistry, we determined and compared the expression of SOX2 in the breast cancer and normal tissues. We also detected the expressions of TWIST and SNAIL proteins and analyzed the relationship of SOX2, TWIST and SNAIL ex?pressions with the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer as well as the correlation between the three proteins. Results The expression of SOX2 was significantly higher in the breast cancer than in the normal tissues (25.7% vs 8.1%, P=0.004) and corre?lated with the grade, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage of breast cancer ( P<0.05) , while the expressions of TWIST and SNAIL were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical TNM stages of the malignancy ( P<0.05) . The protein expression of TWIST was correlated positively with those of SOX2 ( Cc=0. 325, P<0.005) and SNAIL (Cc=0.308, P<0.008), and so was that of SNAIL with that of SOX2 (Cc=0.275, P<0.018). Conclusion The SOX2 protein is highly expressed in breast cancer. The expres?sions of SOX2, TWIST and SNAIL are closely related to lymph node metastasis of the malignancy and the three factors are interacted coor?dinatively in the metastasis of breast cancer.

Research progress of Sox-2 signaling regulation pathway and its mechanism in tumor development / 医学研究生学报

Sox-2(SRY related HMG box-2)is an essential embryonic stem cell gene and a necessary transcription factor for maintaining the proliferation and self-renewal capability of embryonic stem cell .Sox-2 is involved in complex cell signal transduction pathway network and adjusting biological behavior of cells .Expression of Sox-2 is adjusted by different factors in transduction , transla-tion and post-translation levels .In recent years , increasing evidences indicate Sox-2 has an important role in tumor development , growth, proliferation, and metastasis, which is involved in various biological behavior of tumor cells in many types of tumors .This pa-per reviews the role of Sox-2 in adjusting tissue and tumor development and complex cell signal transduction pathway network of Sox -2 and clinical values of Sox-2 in tumor diagnosis and treatment until now .

Clinical Transcranial Color Doppler Observations on Dynamic Moxibustion plus Acupuncture for the Treatment of Cervical Vertigo / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dynamic moxibustion plus acupuncture in treating cervical vertigo by clinical observation of vertebrobasilar artery blood flow velocity using transcranial color Doppler before and after treatment. Method Sixty-one patients diagnosed with cervical vertigo were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group of 31 patients received dynamic moxibustion plus acupuncture and the control group of 30 patients, acupuncture alone. Vertebrobasilar artery blood flow velocity was observed using transcranial color Doppler before and after treatment. Result The total efficacy rate was 96.8% in the treatment group and 73.3% in the control group. Vertebrobasilar artery blood flow velocity was improved in both groups, but the effect was more marked in the treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion Dynamic moxibustion plus acupuncture can more effectively improve vertebrobasilar artery blood flow velocity than acupuncture alone.

Expression of ADAMTS-2 and TGF-β1 in cirrhotic liver / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expression and distribution of a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS)-2 and transforming growth factor (TGF) -β1 in patients with or without cirrhosis, and to determine their relation.@*METHODS@#The liver tissues from 16 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertensive and 8 patients with liver injury were collected in Wuhan General Hospital from March to June, 2010. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were applied to detect the protein expression of ADAMTS-2 and TGF-β1.@*RESULTS@#Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of ADAMTS-2 and TGF-β1 was significantly higher in the cirrhotic tissues than that in normal tissues (P<0.05). Western blot also showed the expression of ADAMTS-2 and TGF-β1 in the cirrhosis tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between ADAMTS-2 and TGF-β1 (r=0.862, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#ADAMTS-2 and TGF-β1 may have a synergistic reaction in promoting liver cirrhosis.

Surgical treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm in 46 cases / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To study how to improve the safety of the operation for abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA).Methods Forty-six cases of AAA received resection of AAA plus artificial blood vessel transplantation in recent three and a half years in our 2 hospitals.The lesions involved only the abdominal aorta in 20 cases,and extended to unilateral common iliac and internal and external iliac arteries in 8 cases,to bilateral common iliac and external and internal iliac arteries in 16 cases,and involved the renal artery in 2 cases.Emergency operation was done in 3 cases.Results In these 46 cases,45 were cured and 1 died,and no operative complications occurred.Conclusions Surgical operation is the best way to treatment AAA.