Low Expression of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in Bladder Cancer: Novel Potential Indicators of Muscular Invasion

Purpose@#Eph receptors are differentially expressed in numerous malignant tumors. This study intended to analyze the roles of EphB receptors (EphB2, B3, and B4) in urinary bladder cancer. @*Materials and Methods@#Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the expression patterns of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in 154 bladder cancer specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted examining the extent of stained cells and staining intensity. EphB was considered to be highly expressed when the intensity of staining was more than moderate in >25% of cells in the tissue section. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down EphB expression in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637) to determine the effects of EphB on tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration. @*Results@#EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) were detected in 40.9% (EphB2, 63/154), 71.4% (EphB3, 110/154), and 53.2% (EphB4, 82/154) of bladder cancer specimens. Low expression of EphB2, B3, and B4 receptors were significantly associated with higher tumor grade (EphB2, p<0.001; EphB3, p=0.032; EphB4, p<0.001) and muscular invasion (EphB2, p=0.002; EphB3, p=0.009; EphB4, p<0.001). No obvious correlation was observed with other clinicopathological variables, such as age, sex, recurrence, lymph node involvement, metastasis, and overall survival. Inactivation of EphB receptors by siRNA transfection increased cell viability, tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration in comparison with untransfected cancer cells. @*Conclusion@#Low expression of EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) can be a predictive marker for muscular invasion of bladder cancer.

Low Expression of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in Bladder Cancer: Novel Potential Indicators of Muscular Invasion

Purpose@#Eph receptors are differentially expressed in numerous malignant tumors. This study intended to analyze the roles of EphB receptors (EphB2, B3, and B4) in urinary bladder cancer. @*Materials and Methods@#Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the expression patterns of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in 154 bladder cancer specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted examining the extent of stained cells and staining intensity. EphB was considered to be highly expressed when the intensity of staining was more than moderate in >25% of cells in the tissue section. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down EphB expression in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637) to determine the effects of EphB on tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration. @*Results@#EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) were detected in 40.9% (EphB2, 63/154), 71.4% (EphB3, 110/154), and 53.2% (EphB4, 82/154) of bladder cancer specimens. Low expression of EphB2, B3, and B4 receptors were significantly associated with higher tumor grade (EphB2, p<0.001; EphB3, p=0.032; EphB4, p<0.001) and muscular invasion (EphB2, p=0.002; EphB3, p=0.009; EphB4, p<0.001). No obvious correlation was observed with other clinicopathological variables, such as age, sex, recurrence, lymph node involvement, metastasis, and overall survival. Inactivation of EphB receptors by siRNA transfection increased cell viability, tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration in comparison with untransfected cancer cells. @*Conclusion@#Low expression of EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) can be a predictive marker for muscular invasion of bladder cancer.

Clinical Impact of Natural Killer Group 2D Receptor Expression and That of Its Ligand in Ovarian Carcinomas: A Retrospective Study

Purpose@#Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with antitumor activity. NKG2D is the most important activating receptor expressed on the NK cell surface; this receptor binds to the ligands MICA/B and ULBPs to activate NK cells. The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of NKG2D by NK cells, and to the evaluate expression of its ligands in ovarian carcinomas; it also examined the clinical relevance of NK receptor/ligand expression by analyzing the relationship between expression, clinicopathological parameters, and prognosis. @*Materials and Methods@#Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC, n=79) tissue samples were used for tissue microarray analysis. The expressions of NK cell markers (CD56 and NKG2D) and NKG2D ligands (MICA/B, ULBP1, ULBP3, and ULBP2/5/6) in carcinoma tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, and the association between these results and clinical prognostic parameters was analyzed statistically. @*Results@#ULBP1 was highly expressed in 51 cases (64.6%), and ULBP2/5/6 was highly expressed in 56 cases (70.9%) of HGSC. High expression of ULBP1 and ULBP2/5/6 was significantly associated with lower recurrence of HGSC, whereas high expression of ULBP3 was significantly associated with higher recurrence. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high expression of ULBP1 was associated with increased overall survival and a decreased hazard ratio (0.150, p=0.044), suggesting that it is an independent predictor of better survival. @*Conclusion@#High expression of ULBP1 predicts a better prognosis for HGSC, suggesting that ULBP1 expression could be a novel prognostic indicator in this subset of carcinomas.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma Originating in a Setting of Pre-existing Bowen's Disease / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Case Report of Menopausal Woman Diagnosed with Endometrial Cancer after Colon Cancer with Germline Mutation in MSH6 in Korea

We present a case of an endometrial cancer patient with germline mutation in MutS homolog 6 (MSH6), associated with Lynch syndrome. A 60-year-old Korean woman had a personal history of colon cancer 23 years ago. She also had a family history of endometrial cancer and colon cancer of her sisters and brothers. Immunohistochemistry was negative for MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) and positive for MutS homolog 2 (MSH2). Based on these findings, she underwent genetic counseling and testing that revealed a frameshift germline mutation at MSH6 (c. 3261dupC).

Guide-Wire Assisted Endobiliary Forceps Biopsy Sampling

No abstract available.

The Mathematical Model for Predicting the Probability of Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome Using Clinical Parameters / 대한신장학회잡지

PURPOSE: We retrospectively investigated to find out the equation of calculating the probability of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) using clinical parameters. We prospectively investigated to determine the usefulness of the mathematical model. METHODS: We retrospectively examined 56 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) (30 MCNS and 26 non-MCNS) diagnosed by kidney biopsy. A mathematical model for calculating the probability of MCNS was obtained through multiple logistic analysis in SAS statistics package. In addition, we prospectively studied 28 patients with NS. Clinical MCNS and non-MCNS were classified according to the probability of 85% in the mathematical model. Kidney biopsy was performed, and serum albumin and urinalysis were measured after 2 weeks of steroid treatment. RESULTS: In the retrospective study, the mathematical model was P=ea/(1+ea), a=17.2507 - 5.5777xON - 4.2256xALB-0.000579x24PROT - 1.2569xUBL+2.1703xUAL. The mode of onset (ON), 24 hours urine protein (24PROT), serum albumin concentration (ALB), the grade of hematuria (UBL) and proteinuria (UAL) were included as clinical parameters. At the probability of 85%, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting MCNS was 73.3% and 100% respectively. In the prospective study, the result of kidney biopsy was consistent with clinical MCNS and non-MCNS according to a mathematical model. All clinical MCNS showed negative proteinuria on urinalysis and a significant increase in serum albumin after 2 weeks treatment (1.85+/-0.30 g/dL to 2.88+/-0.26 g/dL, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the mathematical model for predicting the probability of MCNS may be useful in diagnosis of the MCNS.

Incidence estimation of stomach cancer among Koreans

A series of incidence estimation studies of cancers among Koreans through a nationwide survey has been undertaken by authors since 1988. The medical records were studied of inpatients with diagnoses of either ICD-9 151 (malignant neoplasm of the stomach), or 197 (secondary malignant neoplasm of the respiratory and digestive systems), or 211 (benign neoplasm of other parts of the digestive system) in claims sent in by medical care institutions throughout the country to the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) during the period from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1987. These records were abstracted in order to identify and confirm the new cases of stomach cancer among the beneficiaries of the KMIC, which covers about 10% of whole Korean population. Using these data from the KMIC, the incidence patterns of stomach cancer among Koreans were estimated as of July 1, 1986 to June 30, 1987. The crude incidence rates of stomach cancer among Koreans are estimated to be 36.2 (95% tonfidence interval; 35.3-36.9) and 21.0 (95% CI; 20.3-21.6) per 100,000 in males and females, respectively. The cumulative rates for age spans 0-64 and 0-74 are 3.8% and 7.3% in males, respectively. In females they are 1.8% and 3.0%. The adjusted rates for the world population are 57.9 in males and 25.1 in females, which are similar to those of Shanghai, China '78-'82 but lower than those of Osaka, Japan. The truncated rates for ages 35-64 years, however, are 108.3 in males and 49.1 in females, which may be the highest in the world. Among Koreans in Korea, an increased risk of stomach cancer in this age group is the notable finding. Incidence patterns of stomach cancer by age, sex, and area, which are the first report in Korea, are analyzed and presented.