Effects of co-culture of dendritic cells loaded with MAGE-A3 antigen and cytokine-induced killer cells on tumor stem cells and malignant progression of endometrial cancer / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To explore the effects of dendritic cells (DC) and cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) carrying melanoma-associated antigen gene A3 (MAGE-A3) on endometrial cancer tumor stem cells and malignant progression. METHODS: Human peripheral blood was collected to separate mono-nuclear cells, and DC and CIK cells were induced by cytokines, respectively. DCs were incubated with MAGE-A3 and then co-cultured with CIK, and the phenotypes of DC-CIK and MAGE-A3-DC-CIK were detected by flow cytometry; The CD133

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Induced by Sintilimab: A Case Report

Sintilimab is an anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 antibody. The phase III clinical trial ORIENT-12 confirmed the safety of sintilimab combined with pemetrexed/platinum in the treatment of advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Skin reactions are the most commonly reported adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors and are rarely severe.We describe a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis related to sintilimab in an elderly oncologic patient. 3 weeks after immunotherapy, the patient developed an extensive rash and diffuse itching, rapidly evolving into macules, blisters, bullae and erosions. Causal evaluation was performed based on the algorithm of drug causality for epidermal necrolysis and national Food and Drug Administration qualitative analysis. The patient responded to high-dose glucocorticosteroid and supportive therapy, alongside with local wound care. If immune checkpoint inhibitors need to be extrapolated clinically, strictly following evidence-based research, promptly detecting and treating adverse reactions is crucial.

Multiple correspondence analysis of the influencing factors of injury among left behind primary school students in Pingliang / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the distribution characteristics of the influencing factors of injury among left behind primary school students, so as to provide a reference for identifying high risk injury groups and carrying out accurate injury intervention.@*Methods@#From August 2021 to July 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 769 students from grades 4 to 6 from nine primary schools in three townships in Pingliang City by using the a random cluster sampling method. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of injury.@*Results@#The detection rate of injuries among non left behind pupils was 21.8%(573/2 631), whereas the detection rate of injuries among left behind pupils was 40.9%(466/1 138). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed in the detection rate of injuries between left behind pupils and non left behind pupils ( χ 2=146.21, P <0.01). Among the injuries of left behind pupils, 263 had fall related injuries, accounting for the highest proportion ( 56.4 %). Whether it was an only child，and different grades, gender, personality, psychological status, monitoring type, and maternal education level were statistically significant ( χ 2=39.05, 96.69, 143.00, 155.80, 461.39, 285.35, 17.10, P <0.01). The multiple correspondence analysis category graph showed higher rates of fall injuries, blunt injuries and sharp injuries among boys, extroverted personality types, and left behind pupils whose grandparents were their legal guardians. Animal bites, burns and other injury types were higher among left behind pupils with an introverted personality, pupils in peer/other guardianship situations, and those with a sub mental health status. Unharmed left behind students mainly included those with intermediate personality and mental health characteristics.@*Conclusion@#The injury detection rate among left behind primary school students is high. Gender, personality type, guardianship type, and mental health status are closely related to injury. Extroverted boys under grandparents guardians are identified as high risk groups for injury prevention and control. Under the guidance of the precision prevention model, precision intervention strategies for all round high risk groups should be carried out in order to effectively reduce the occurrence of injuries among left behind pupils.

Analysis on survival time and influencing factors among reported HIV/AIDS in Yunnan Province, 1989-2021 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze the survival time of reported HIV/AIDS and influencing factors of Yunnan Province from 1989 to 2021. Methods: The data were extracted from the Chinese HIV/AIDS comprehensive response information management system. The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The life table method was applied to calculate the survival probability. Kaplan-Meier was used to draw survival curves in different situations. Furthermore, the Cox proportion hazard regression model was constructed to identify the factors related to survival time. Results: Of the 174 510 HIV/AIDS, the all-cause mortality density was 4.23 per 100 person-years, the median survival time was 20.00 (95%CI:19.52-20.48) years, and the cumulative survival rates in 1, 10, 20, and 30 years were 90.75%, 67.50%, 47.93% and 30.85%. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model results showed that the risk of death among 0-14 and 15-49 years old groups were 0.44 (95%CI: 0.34-0.56) times and 0.51 (95%CI:0.50-0.52) times of ≥50 years old groups. The risk for death among the first CD4+T lymphocytes counts (CD4) counts levels of 200-349 cells/μl, 350-500 cells/μl and ≥501 cells/μl groups were 0.52 (95%CI: 0.50-0.53) times, 0.41 (95%CI: 0.40-0.42) times and 0.35 (95%CI: 0.34-0.36) times of 0-199 cells/μl groups. The risk of death among the cases that have not received antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 11.56 (95%CI: 11.26-11.87) times. The risk for death among the cases losing to ART, stopping to ART, both losing and stopping ART was 1.66 (95%CI:1.61-1.72) times, 2.49 (95%CI:2.39-2.60) times, and 1.65 (95%CI:1.53-1.78) times of the cases on ART. Conclusions: The influencing factors for the survival time of HIV/AIDS cases were age at diagnosis in Yunnan province from 1989 to 2021. The first CD4 counts levels, antiretroviral therapy, and ART compliance. Early diagnosis, early antiretroviral therapy, and increasing ART compliance could extend the survival time of HIV/AIDS cases.

Sex differences in clinical outcomes of extremely preterm infants/extremely low birth weight infants: a propensity score matching study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of sex on the clinical outcome of extremely preterm infants (EPIs)/extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) by propensity score matching.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical data of 731 EPIs or ELBWIs who were admitted from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020. These infants were divided into two groups: male and female. A propensity score matching analysis was performed at a ratio of 1:1. The matching variables included gestational age, birth weight, percentage of withdrawal from active treatment, percentage of small-for-gestational-age infant, percentage of use of pulmonary surfactant, percentage of 1-minute Apgar score ≤3, percentage of mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, percentage of antenatal use of inadequate glucocorticoids, and percentage of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. The two groups were compared in the incidence rate of main complications during hospitalization and the rate of survival at discharge.@*RESULTS@#Before matching, compared with the female group, the male group had significantly higher incidence rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and patent ductus arteriosus (P<0.05), while after matching, the male group only had a significantly higher incidence rate of BPD than the female group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of survival at discharge between the two groups before and after matching (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Male EPIs/ELBWIs have a higher risk of BPD than female EPIs/ELBWIs, but male and female EPIs/ELBWIs tend to have similar outcomes.

Preliminary experience of surgical treatment for torus tubarius hypertrophy in children / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To assess the incidence of symptomatic torus tubarius hypertrophy (TTH) in recurred OSA in children, and to explore the preliminary experience of partial resection of TTH assisted with radiofrequency ablation. Methods: From January 2004 to February 2020, 4 922 children, who diagnosed as OSA and received adenotonsillectomy at the Department of Otolaryngology, The 4th Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, were retrospectively reviewed. There were 3 266 males and 1 656 females, the age ranged from 1 to 14 years old(median age of 5.0 years). Twenty-two cases were identified with recurrence of OSA syndrome, and the clinical data, including sex, age of primary operation, age of recurrence and presentation, and opertation methods were analyzed. Follow-up was carried out by outpatient visit or telephone. Graphpad prism 5.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Twenty-two cases were identified as recurred OSA and received revised surgery in 4 922 cases. Among these 22 cases, 11 cases were diagnosed as TTH resulting in an incidence of 2.23‰(11/4 922), 1 case was cicatricial adhesion on tubal torus (0.20‰, 1/4 922), 10 cases were residual adenoid combined with tubal tonsil hypertrophy (2.03‰, 10/4 922). Median age of primary operation was 3.0 years (range:2.4 to 6.0 years) in 11 TTH cases. Recurrent interval varied from 2 months to 5.5 years (2.4±1.9 years) after first operation. Age of revised partial resection of TTH was 7.0±2.7 years (range: 4.0 to 12.0 years). Average time interval between primary operation and revised operation was 3.5±2.1 years (range: 0.5 to 6.0 years). Individualized treatments were carried out based on partial resection of TTH assisted with radiofrequency ablation. All of 11 cases received satisfied therapeutic results without nasopharyngeal stenosis occured. Twenty-two cases were followed up for 1.6 to 13 years (median follow-up time was 6.2 years). Conclusions: TTH contributed to recurred OSA in child. TTH might be misdiagnosed as tubal tonsil hypertrophy. Partial resection of TTH assisted with radiofrequency ablation was a safty and effective treatment.

Electroacupuncture Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury and Cellular Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Translocation of Cofilin / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the potential mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) to prevent ischemic stroke.@*METHODS@#The method of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was employed to establish a rat model of ischemic stroke. Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the sham group, MCAO + EA control (EC) group, and MCAO + EA (EA) group according to a random number table (n=26 per group). EA was applied to the acupoints of Baihui (DU 20) and Shenting (DU 24) 5 min and 6 h, respectively after the onset of MCAO. Rats in the sham and EC groups received only light isoflurane anesthesia for 30 min after MCAO. The neuroprotective effects of EA were evaluated by rota-rod test, neurological deficit scores and infarct volumes. Additionally, Nissl staining and immunostaining were performed to examine brain damage, rod formation, cellular apoptosis, and neuronal loss induced by ischemia. The activities of caspase-3, and expression levels of cofilin and p-cofilin in mitochondria and cytoplasm after ischemic injury were determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the EC group, EA significantly improved neuromotor function and cognitive ability after ischemic stroke (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Therapeutic use of EA also resulted in a significant decrease of cofilin rod formation and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) degradation in the cortical penumbra area compared with the EC rats (P<0.01). Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that EA stimulation significantly inhibited mitochondrial translocation of cofilin and caspase-3 cleavage (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Additionally, brain damage (infarct volume and neuropathy), cellular apoptosis and neuronal loss induced by ischemia were remarkably suppressed by EA in the cortical penumbra of rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#EA treatment after ischemic stroke may attenuate ischemic brain injury and cellular apoptosis through the regulation of mitochondrial translocation of cofilin, a novel mechanism of EA therapy.

Effects of astragalus polysaccharide on depressive behaviors and hippocampal Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on depressive behaviors, hippocampal damage and Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in rats. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, depression group, APS low dose group and APS high dose group. Rats (except the control group) underwent chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 28 days. The depressive behaviors were assessed by tail suspension test, forced swim test and sucrose preference test. The histopathological changes of the hippocampus were valuated by HE staining. Levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein and Nrf2 mRNA were measured. The hippocampal levels of oxidative stress were evaluated. Results Compared with the control group, the depression group showed significant depressive behaviors and hippocampal damage. The depression group had higher levels of Nrf2 and MDA, but lower levels of HO-1, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px than the control group. However, APS does-dependently attenuated the hippocampal damage and depressive behaviors, increased hippocampal levels of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, but decreased hippocampal levels of MDA in rats. Conclusions APS can attenuate CUMS-induced hippocampal damage and depressive behaviors in rats, and the effects may be associated with the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.

Sexual behavior characteristics and influencing factors of gonorrhea patients in Yunnan Province / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To investigate the sexual behavior types, condom use and influencing factors of gonorrhea patients in Yunnan Province, and to provide evidence for the adjustment of sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention and control strategy. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate gonorrhea patients in 14 STD clinics in 7 more prevalent prefectures (cities) of Yunnan Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the socio-demographic and sexual characteristics of the patients in a one-to-one way. Multiple Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of sexual behavior. Results A total of 179 cases of gonorrhea were investigated. The average age was (29.01±8.93) years old. 95.53% (171/179) patients were 40 years old and 88.27% were male patients (158/179). Unmarried patients accounted for 55.31% (99/179). Service and self-employed patients accounted for 34.64% (62/179) and 23.46% (42/179) respectively. The rate of sexual intercourse with opposite sex was 98.32% (176/179), the rate of men who have sex with men was 1.68% (3/179) and the rate of having more than two sexual partners was 27.93% (50/179). The rate of sexual intercourse between temporary partners, spouses/fixed partners and commercial partners were 53.07% (95/179), 37.99% (68/179) and 8.94% (16/179) respectively. Recent sexual activity had lower condom use rate, 17.89% (17/95), 19.12% (13/68) and 18.75% (3/16) respectively. The main ways for gonorrhea patients to make temporary partners were friend introductions or gatherings, accounting for 66.32% (63/95). Condom use in male patients was worse than that in female patients (OR=0.234, 95% CI: 0.084-0.656, P=0.006). Conclusions The patients with gonorrhea were mainly unmarried young adults. The main risk behaviors were unprotected behaviors between heterosexual temporary and spouse/fixed sexual partners. The condom use consciousness was generally low. The promotion of safe sex education for young adults should be further strengthened, with special attention to the use of condoms for temporary sexual behavior and spouse/fixed sexual intercourse.

Clinical effects of reduced glutathione whitening facial mask on melisma / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of reduced glutathione whitening facial mask (RGWFM) on melasma.Methods:Thirty two eligible patients (31 females, 1 male, aged 28-50 years, with mean 37.5 years) were recruited to use RGWFM for 15-20 min per night. Four weeks and eight weeks later, MASI, PGA, patient self-evaluation, VISIA, ILQI and side effects were evaluated.Results:After 4 weeks` and 8 weeks` treatment, MASI index was decreased for 3.66±2.59 and 7.00±4.51 compared to the base line ( t=7.99 and 8.78 after 4 weeks and 8 weeks, P<0.05). PGA was 4.50 and 3.33 at the same time. 87.50% of the patients felt satisfied. Only one patient showed a transient burning sensation on the face. Melanin value of the VISIA was decreased for 44.24±30.52 in 4 weeks later ( t=8.19, P<0.05) and decreased for 59.95±39.47 in 8 weeks later ( t=8.59, P<0.05). 65.63% of the patients DLQI score were higher than 16 points at the beginning. The percentage was 37.50% after 8 weeks. No side effect was observed in the other patients. Conclusion:It is indicated that RGWFM is safe and has certain therapeutic effects on melasma.

Genomic characterization and pathogenic study of two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses with different virulence in Fujian, China

Two strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were isolated in 2006 and 2016 and designated as FZ06A and FZ16A, respectively. Inoculation experiments showed that FZ06A caused 100% morbidity and 60% mortality, while FZ16A caused 100% morbidity without death. By using genomic sequence and phylogenetic analyses, close relationships between a Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV strain and the FZ06A and FZ16A strains were observed. Based on the achieved results, multiple genomic variations in Nsp2, a unique N-glycosylation site (N³³→K³³), and a K151 amino acid (AA) substitution for virulence in the GP5 of FZ16A were detected; except the 30 AA deletion in the Nsp2-coding region. Inoculation experiments were conducted and weaker virulence of FZ16A than FZ06A was observed. Based on our results, a 30 AA deletion in the Nsp2-coding region is an unreliable genomic indicator of a high virulence PRRSV strain. The Nsp2 and GP5 differences, in addition to the virulence difference between these two highly pathogenic PRRSV strains, have the potential to be used to establish a basis for further study of PRRSV virulence determinants and to provide data useful in the development of vaccines against this economically devastating disease.

Clinical value of thermal tomography in diagnosis of breast diseases / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the clinical value of thermal tomography (TT) in the diagnosis of breast diseases.Methods Totally 222 breast diseases patients underwent examinations by color Doppler ultrasound and TT.Some stable TT images were selected,and the TT curves of the lesions were analyzed according to the malignant tumor TT curve diagnosing standard,so that the benign and malignant tumors could be determined.Color Doppler ultrasound was used to describe the site,size and property of the lesion.Results Pathological examination found 95 cases of malignant tumors and 127 benign ones.TT had 198 results coincident with those by pathological examination while the remained 24 ones not,with 15 false positive results and 9 false negative ones.When compared with pathological examination,TT had the accuracy,sensitivity and specificity being 89.19％,90.43％ and 88.28％ respectively.Conclusion TT is non-invasive,accurate and sensitive when used to screen and diagnose breast diseases,and should be applied if possible in medical facilities.

Efficacy and Bleeding Risks of Ticagrelor Replacement for Treating Elderly Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Low Response to Clopidogrel / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To observe the efficacy of ticagrelor for treating elderly acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with elective PCI and having low response to clopidogrel; to explore the bleeding risks induced by ticagrelor replacement. Methods: A total of 945 ACS patients ≥ 65 years treated in our hospital from 2014-01 to 2017-01 were enrolled. All patients received aspirin and clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), thrombelastography (TEG) was used to detect platelet inhibition rate when DAPT ≥ 5 days. Based on platelet inhibition rate, the patients were divided into 2 groups:Ticagrelor replacement group, n=293 patients with low response to clopidogrel and switched to ticagrelor treatment, when adjusted DAPT ≥ 5 days, platelet inhibition rate was rechecked to compare the changes; Clopidogrel group, the patients were continuously treated by the same medication, n=652. The patients were followed-up for 3 months, bleeding events were evaluated by TIMI criteria and compared between 2 groups. Risk factors of ticagrelor induced bleeding were assessed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: Platelet inhibition rates in Ticagrelor replacement group were (51.70±42.90) %, (48.99±41.85) % and (55.08±25.70) % at (5-7) d, (8-14) d and (15-90) d ticagrelor treatment, which were higher than previous clopidogrel treatment (14.50±24.15) %, all P<0.05. The incidences of severe bleeding events were similar between 2 groups, P=0.96. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis presented that female (OR=4.329, P=0.000), low body weight (OR=0.817, P=0.039) and elevated fasting blood glucose (OR=1.251, P=0.028) were the independent risk factors for bleeding complication in ticagrelor treated elderly ACS patients. Conclusion: Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor may faster and more effectively inhibit platelet aggregation without increasing severe bleeding; female, low body weight and elevated fasting blood glucose were the independent risk factors for bleeding complication in ticagrelor treated elderly ACS patients with elective PCI.

Study on intestinal absorption of aqueous extract from Chaihu Shugan San / 药物评价研究

Objective To evaluate the intestinal absorption of main components (paeoniflorin,ferulic acid,narirutin,naringin,neohesperidin,and glycyrrhizic acid) in aqueous extract of Chaihu Shugan San (CSS).Methods UPLC method was established to simultaneously determine the concentrations of the six components in the test samples of everted gut sacs and in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) models.Absorption kinetics parameters were calculated for describing their absorption characteristics.Results In SPIP model,the results indicated that ferulic acid was the well-absorbed ingredient in whole small intestine,while other ingredients presented moderate or poor absorption.In everted gut sacs model,paeoniflorin in jejunum,ferulic acid,naringin,and neohesperidin in duodenum,narirutin in duodenum and jejunum,had the best absorption,while there was no significant difference in absorption of glycyrrhizic acid in the intestine.Condusion In vivo model indicated that the main constituents in CSS could be absorbed in intestinal wall of rat,ferulic acid could be much more easily penetrated intestinal wall into the blood circulation than the other five components.Ex vivo model could further articulate that six index components could be absorbed selectively in different intestinal segments.

Metabolomic analysis of the changes of pathways in immunosuppressive mechanism caused by cyclophosphamide in mice / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To investigate the changes of metabolic pathways in the process of immunesuppression in mice caused by cyclophosphamide by metabolomic analysis. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of immune cells, and the results were analyzed using partial least squares model. The potential biomarkers were screened by variable importance in projection ( VIP) parameters in the partial least squares model, and the differential metabolites were determined by statistical analysis. The differential metabolites were identified using the metabolomics rapid identification and analysis software. Nine kinds of metabolites were identified by searching and calculation, and result of pathway enrich-ment showed three differential metabolic pathways. Results Cyclophosphamide had a significant effect on the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, metabolism of mitochondrial fatty acids, metabolism of glycophospholipid, biosynthesis of steroid hormones, metabolism of arachidonic acid, metabolism of fatty acids, and the biosynthesis of pyrimidine. Conclusions The most important metabolic pathways affected by cyclophosphamide in the normal body are the metabolism of arachidonic acid, glycophospholipid and pyrimidine.

Influence of tanshinone injection combined diltiazem on vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore influence of tanshinone injection combined diltiazem on vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension.Methods:A total of 136 inpatients with essential hypertension were selected from our hospital. According to random number table,they were randomly and equally divided into diltiazem group and combined treatment group (received tanshinone injection combined diltiazem).Blood pressure,endothelium dependent dilation (EDD)were compared between two groups before,two weeks and one month after treatment.Results:Compared with before treatment [combined treatmant group: (168.25 ± 12.54)/ (112.47 ±6.28)mmHg;diltiazem group: (168.37 ± 1174.16)/(112.49±7.13)mmHg],there was significant reduction in blood pressure in two groups on two weeks and one month af-ter treatment;compared with diltiazem group on two weeks and one month after treatment,there was significant reduction in blood pressure [two weeks:(151.36±6.16)/ (109.17±4.76)mmHg vs.(142.37±2.43)/ (100.43±5.19)mm-Hg,one month:(142.34±6.28)/ (94.16±6.28)mmHg vs.(126.71 ±8.17)/ (87.49±5.37)mmHg]in combined treatment group,P <0.01 all.Compared with before treatment [Combined treatmant group:(4.78±2.30)%;diltiazem group:(4.74±2.28)%],there was significant rise in EDD in two groups on two weeks and one month after treatment;compared with diltiazem group on one month after treatment,there was significant rise in EDD [(6.69 ±4.60)% vs. (8.43±4.73)%]in combined treatment group,P <0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion:Diltiazem combined tanshinone injection can help to improve vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension.

Establishment and evaluation of a guinea pig model of itching / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To optimize the optimal doses of histamine and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in the establish-ment of guinea pigs models of itching, and to establish a new guinea pig model of itching. Methods The central composite design-response surface method was used to arrange the experiment. In the experiment different pruritus agents were hypo-dermically injection of 0. 5 mL in the depilated area, and the scratching incubation period and scratching number in 30 mi-nutes were counted after the injection. The guinea pig itching model was evaluated by observing the behavioral changes of guinea pigs and measuring the levels of histamine and interleukin-6 in the blood. Results The behavioral experiments found that the scratching frequency in the the combination group was significantly higher than the histamine group and 4-AP group (P<0. 01). The itching latency of the combination group was significantly shorter than that of the histamine group and 4-AP group (P<0. 01). Compared with the control group, the histamine concentrations of the combination group and histamine group were significantly increased ( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01 ) , and the level of the combination group was lower than that of the histamine group (P<0. 05). Compared with the control group, the serum IL-6 concentrations of histamine group, 4-AP group and combination group were significantly higher (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05), and those in the combination group were significantly higher than the histamine and 4-AP groups. Compared with the control group, pathologic examina-tion showed proliferation of inflammatory cells in all model groups, and the reaction of the combination group was more ob-vious. Conclusions The optimal conditions used in this experiment are easy to achieve and have good reproducibility in the establishment of a guinea pig model of itching.

Study on intestinal absorption of aqueous extract from Chaihu Shugan San / 药物评价研究

Objective To evaluate the intestinal absorption of main components (paeoniflorin,ferulic acid,narirutin,naringin,neohesperidin,and glycyrrhizic acid) in aqueous extract of Chaihu Shugan San (CSS).Methods UPLC method was established to simultaneously determine the concentrations of the six components in the test samples of everted gut sacs and in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) models.Absorption kinetics parameters were calculated for describing their absorption characteristics.Results In SPIP model,the results indicated that ferulic acid was the well-absorbed ingredient in whole small intestine,while other ingredients presented moderate or poor absorption.In everted gut sacs model,paeoniflorin in jejunum,ferulic acid,naringin,and neohesperidin in duodenum,narirutin in duodenum and jejunum,had the best absorption,while there was no significant difference in absorption of glycyrrhizic acid in the intestine.Condusion In vivo model indicated that the main constituents in CSS could be absorbed in intestinal wall of rat,ferulic acid could be much more easily penetrated intestinal wall into the blood circulation than the other five components.Ex vivo model could further articulate that six index components could be absorbed selectively in different intestinal segments.

Metabolomic analysis of the changes of pathways in immunosuppressive mechanism caused by cyclophosphamide in mice / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To investigate the changes of metabolic pathways in the process of immunesuppression in mice caused by cyclophosphamide by metabolomic analysis. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of immune cells, and the results were analyzed using partial least squares model. The potential biomarkers were screened by variable importance in projection ( VIP) parameters in the partial least squares model, and the differential metabolites were determined by statistical analysis. The differential metabolites were identified using the metabolomics rapid identification and analysis software. Nine kinds of metabolites were identified by searching and calculation, and result of pathway enrich-ment showed three differential metabolic pathways. Results Cyclophosphamide had a significant effect on the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, metabolism of mitochondrial fatty acids, metabolism of glycophospholipid, biosynthesis of steroid hormones, metabolism of arachidonic acid, metabolism of fatty acids, and the biosynthesis of pyrimidine. Conclusions The most important metabolic pathways affected by cyclophosphamide in the normal body are the metabolism of arachidonic acid, glycophospholipid and pyrimidine.

Influence of tanshinone injection combined diltiazem on vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore influence of tanshinone injection combined diltiazem on vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension.Methods:A total of 136 inpatients with essential hypertension were selected from our hospital. According to random number table,they were randomly and equally divided into diltiazem group and combined treatment group (received tanshinone injection combined diltiazem).Blood pressure,endothelium dependent dilation (EDD)were compared between two groups before,two weeks and one month after treatment.Results:Compared with before treatment [combined treatmant group: (168.25 ± 12.54)/ (112.47 ±6.28)mmHg;diltiazem group: (168.37 ± 1174.16)/(112.49±7.13)mmHg],there was significant reduction in blood pressure in two groups on two weeks and one month af-ter treatment;compared with diltiazem group on two weeks and one month after treatment,there was significant reduction in blood pressure [two weeks:(151.36±6.16)/ (109.17±4.76)mmHg vs.(142.37±2.43)/ (100.43±5.19)mm-Hg,one month:(142.34±6.28)/ (94.16±6.28)mmHg vs.(126.71 ±8.17)/ (87.49±5.37)mmHg]in combined treatment group,P <0.01 all.Compared with before treatment [Combined treatmant group:(4.78±2.30)%;diltiazem group:(4.74±2.28)%],there was significant rise in EDD in two groups on two weeks and one month after treatment;compared with diltiazem group on one month after treatment,there was significant rise in EDD [(6.69 ±4.60)% vs. (8.43±4.73)%]in combined treatment group,P <0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion:Diltiazem combined tanshinone injection can help to improve vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertension.