Epidemiological Survey of Hemoglobinopathies Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Platform in Hunan Province, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed.@*RESULTS@#The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α 3.7/αα (50.23%) and β IVS-II-654/β N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.

Calculated plasma medial effective concentration of propofol with and without magnesium sulfate at loss of consciousness / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Perioperative disorder of magnesium, an important cation in the human body, may affect clinical anesthesia. The pharmacological data of propofol use, which is popularly used in the anesthesiology department and intensive care unit, is incomplete in Chinese patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of magnesium sulfate on the calculated plasma medial effective concentration (Cp50cal) of propofol at loss of response to command in Chinese females.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into the control group and the magnesium group. Before induction, magnesium sulfate (30 mg/kg) or placebo (equal volume of 0.9% saline) was given to patients in the magnesium group or the control group, respectively. Propofol was infused using a target-controlled infusion system, with a target concentration for each patient decided by up-and-down sequential allocation. After the equilibration between target plasma concentration and effective-site concentration, the state of consciousness was assessed. For determination of serum magnesium and calcium concentration, blood samples were taken before induction, after induction and at the end of surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Cp50cal was 2.52 µg/ml (2.47 - 2.57 µg/ml) for patients in the control group, and 2.46 µg/ml (2.41 - 2.51 µg/ml) for those in the magnesium group. A significant reduction of Cp50cal was observed (P = 0.021). There was a significant difference between the serum magnesium concentrations after induction and at the end of the surgery (P < 0.05). In the magnesium group, there was a trend toward decreasing after surgery, while in the control group, Cp50cal decreased significantly (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cp50cal of propofol at loss of response to command was 2.52 µg/ml (2.47 - 2.57 µg/ml) for Chinese female adults in this study. Infusion of 30 mg/kg magnesium sulfate may reduce the Cp50cal of propofol at loss of consciousness, which implies that magnesium may enhance the pharmacological effects of propofol.</p>

Research on cooperation between Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in dental caries lesion / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the count of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacilli (LB) in different groups and the cases in dental caries. To research the synergistic effect of S. mutans and LB in the process of dental caries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>110 cases with dental caries were selected and divided according to the different degree of caries, nature and ages. To culture bacteria in the selective culture medium, then count the number of colonies. The detection rate of two kinds of bacteria in different groups, means of the bacteria count and the cariogenic cases were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The means of the two bacteria count increased along with the degree of caries increased (P < 0.05), and increased in the older group (P < 0.05) and the active stage (P < 0.05). The cases of two bacteria increased with the degree of caries increased (P < 0.05), and increased in the older group (P < 0.05). But there were no significant differences in evolution period and arrested caries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pathopoiesis capability of S. mutans and LB enhanced with the extent of caries increased. In the older group, their synergism role play a lead position. In evolution period and arrested caries, S. mutans and LB were difference only in quantity and their solo cariogenic potential all enhanced in active stage, but there were not correlation on pathopoiesis capability and active or stationary phase.</p>

Effects of atracurium pretreatment with magnesium on speed of onset, duration, and recovery of neuromuscular blockade / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effects of atracurium pretreatment with magnesium on speed of onset, duration, and recovery of neuromuscular block.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients who were undergoing elective gynecologic laparoscopic examination and treatments under general anesthesia were randomized into magnesium group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). Before induction of general anesthesia, patients in magnesium group intravenously received MgSO4 30 mg/kg in saline within 5 minutes, and patients in control group received the same volume of saline without MgSO4. In both groups, the train-of-four (TOF) responses to stimuli of the ulnar nerve were measured at intervals of 12 seconds. Anesthesia was induced with Fentanyl and Propofol through target controlled infusion (TCI), and tracheal intubation was performed with 0.5 mg/kg atracurium after stabilization of the electromyography recording. The onset time of muscle relaxation, clinical duration of action, recovery index, and recovery time were recorded. To determine serum magnesium and calcium levels, blood samples were collected before MgSO4/saline infusion and at the end of operation. Haemodynamic changes and other responses during induction were also recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The onset time from the end of injection to maximum neuromuscular blockade was significantly shorter in magnesium group than in control group (P < 0.01). Duration of relaxant action, recovery index, and recovery time in magnesium group were significantly prolonged than in control group (P < 0.01). Serum magnesium level significantly decreased after management (P < 0.01), and there was also a decrease trend in magnesium group. No change of serum calcium levels in both groups was observed. No adverse event was reported.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prior administration of magnesium sulphate can increase the onset speed of atracurium and prolong the duration of atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade.</p>

Effect of neostigmine on atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockage in patients pretreated with magnesium sulphate / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effect of neostigmine on antagonizing atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockage with sulfate magnesium pretreatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients who undertook elective gynecologic laparoscopic examinations and treatments under general anesthesia were randomized into four groups (group A, B, C, and D, group A paired with group C, and group B paired with group D). Before induction of general anesthesia, patients in group A and group C received MgSO4 30 mg/kg in saline intravenously within 5 min, while patients in group B and group D received the same volume of saline. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol; subsequently tracheal intubation was performed with 0.5 mg/kg atracurium after stabilization of the electromyography recording, and neostigmine (0.02 mg/kg) and atropine (0.01 mg/kg) were infused in group C and group D when neuromuscular recovery (T1/T(C)) reached 10%. T1/T(C) changes after neostigmine infusion as well as haemodynamic changes and other responses during induction and neostigmine and atropine infusion were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The neuromuscular recovery speed had no significant difference between group A and group B after the neuromuscular recovery reached 10%, but it was lower in group C than in group D (P < 0.05). Significant difference existed between group AC and group BD (P < 0.05). No haemodynamic changes and other responses were found during induction and neostigmine and atropine infusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Neostigmine-induced neuromuscular recovery can be attenuated in patients pretreated with magnesium sulfate.</p>