Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis with Pitting Edema associated with Lung Malignancy:Case Report and Literature Review / 中国医学科学院学报

Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema(RS3PE),the inflammatory arthritis attacking mainly elderly males,is characterized by symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema of the dorsum of hands and feet and the absence of rheumatoid factor.RS3PE commonly accompanies malignant tumor,infections and other diseases.Here we report a case of RS3PE associated with lung malignancy and review other six cases to summarize the clinical features,treatment and prognosis.

Bone tunnel positions in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction evaluated by three-dimensional CT reconstruction based on Mimics software:modified transtibial versus anteromedial portal technique / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the femoral and tibial tunnel positions of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the modified transtibial (MTT) technique and anteromedial (AM) portal technique.@*METHODS@#Between January 2017 and September 2020, 78 patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture underwent single-bundle reconstruction with the modified transtibial technique in 39 cases (group MTT) and through anteromedial approach in 39 cases (group AM). There were 25 males and 14 females in group MTT, with an average age of (37.0±2.3) years old; 27 males and 12 females in group AM, with an average age of (37.5±2.2) years old. CT scan of the affected knee was conducted one week after the surgery to measure and compare the femoral tunnels positioning (Fx, Fy), tibial tunnels positioning in the frontal plane(Tx1), tibial tunnels positioning in the sagittal plane (Ty1), and tibial tunnels positioning in the axial plane (Tx2, Ty2) in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction through Mimics software.@*RESULTS@#Three-dimensional CT reconstruction after the surgery showed that the average Fx and Fy were(25.2±2.1)% and (34.9±3.0)% respectively and the Tx1 and Ty1 were (45.5±3.3)% and (44.7± 3.0)% respectively, while the Tx2 and Ty2 were (47.0±3.0)% and (39.9±4.2)% respectively in group MTT. In group AM, the average Fx and Fy were (26.0±2.0)% and (36.1±3.9)% respectively and the Tx1 and Ty1 were (46.5±3.1)% and (45.6± 3.1)% respectively, while the Tx2 and Ty2 were (47.4±2.5)% and (39.6±3.9)% respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the femoral and tibial tunnels between the two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Both the MTT and AM technique can achieve good anatomical positioning of the femoral and tibial tunnels, without significant differences in the positioning of the bone tunnels.

Effect of arthroscopic assisted balloon angioplasty in patients with tibial plateau fractures and its effect on limb function / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of arthroscopic balloon angioplasty on the recovery of limb function in patients with tibial plateau fractures (FTP). Methods Sixty-eight patients with FTP were enrolled from April 2015 to August 2016. The patients were divided into control group (traditional incisional surgery) and observation group (arthroscopic balloon angioplasty) by random number method. The efficacy and the recovery of limb function in patients of the two groups,with a retrospective analysis. Results The excellent operative rate (92.18%) in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (70.59%), and the operative rate was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The surgical parameters (the amount of bleeding, the time of operation, the time of getting out of bed and the postoperative flowrate) in observation group were significantly better than those in control group. The SF-36 score of observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of arthroplasty with bronchial angioplasty, the curative effect is more accurate, which can improve the patient's limb function and improve the patients.

Clinical observation of the second operation for refracture after internal fixation of clavicle / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the outcome of Titanium Elastic intramedullary nailing(TEN) for the treatment of refracture of clavicle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2010 to March 2016, 9 cases of clavicle fracture, postoperative re-fracture (plate broken before fracture healing, plate and screw pull out or refracture after fracture union and internal fixation removal) included 6 males and 3 females with a mean age of 38.6 years old ranging from 20 to 62 years old; 3 cases were sports injury, 5 cases were traffic injury, 1 case was severe injury. All cases were closed fractures, and 2 cases were multiple fractures. According to OTA(Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification), 2 cases were 06-A1, 1 case was 06-A2, 1 case was 06-A3, 2 cases were 06-B1, 2 cases were 06-B2, and 1 case was 06-B3. Among them, 4 cases were treated with AO titanium elastic intramedullary nail (TEN), and 5 cases of early internal fixation failure of clavicle fracture were treated with plate and screw internal fixation plus bone graft. The time of bone union, VAS score and Constant Shoulder Score were observed and recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All incisions healed at stage I without infection. All 9 patients were followed up for a period of 14 months. All patients' implants were removed at 12 months after the second operation without refractures. The Constant score of shoulder joint was from 64 to 94 at 4 weeks after the second operation, 91 to 100 at 4 weeks after implants removal. The average bone healing time was 4.3 months from 3 to 6 months. The pain VAS score decreased significantly and the pain was relieved significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Titanium elastic intramedullary nail (TEN) for the treatment of clavicle fracture after internal fixation of refracture patients can be achieved better outcomes, less trauma, good fracture healing, good postoperative recovery of shoulder joint function, but need to pay attention to the reasonable selection of patients.</p>

Early total care pattern for intertrochanteric fracture of femur in the elderly / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical results of early total care (ETC) treatment for elderly patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 106 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated from January 2012 and February 2015 were retrospectively studied. According to whether receiving the early total care mode, the patients were divided into 2 groups, 34 cases were diagnosed and treated with early total care pattern (ETC group), including 14 males and 20 females with an average age of (74.88 ± 4.38) years old ranging from 70 to 86. According to Evans types, 4 cases were type I, 5 cases were type II, 13 cases were type III, 11 cases were type IV, 1 case was type V. Seventy-two patients were treated with conventional trauma method (conventional group), including 35 males and 37 females with an average age of (74.46 ± 3.63) years old ranging from 70 to 85. According to Evans type, 8 cases were type I ,13 cases were type II, 25 cases were type III, 25 cases were type IV, and 1 case was type V. All fractures were treated with proximal femoral nails anti-rotation (PFNA). Operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time, complications, cases of death at 1 year after operation, postoperative Harris score at 12 months were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up, the time of ETC group ranged from 9 to 18 months with an average of 13.29 ± 1.51, and the time in conventional group ranged from 12 to 16 months with an average 12.93 ± 1.15, while there was no significant difference between two groups in time of following-up (t = 1.368, P = 0.174). There was no significant meaning in cases of death between ETC group (2 cases) and conventional group (8 cases). Three cases occurred complications in ETC group, and 20 cases in conventional group,there was obvious meaning between two groups (χ² = 0.739, P = 0.318). Operative time,hospital stays,leaving bed time in ETC group respectively was (2.03 ± 0.67) d, (15.41 ± 2.87) d and (3.62 ± 0.74) d; while in conventional group respectively was (4.17 ± 1.59) d, (20.11 ± 4.24) d and (5.35 ± 1.22) d; there were significant differences between two groups in operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time. Postoperative Harris scores at 12 months in ETC group was (82.32 ± 4.56), and (79.24 ± 5.52) in conventional group, there was obvious meaning between two groups (t = 2.833, P = 0.006).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ETC pattern is a novel method for diagnosis and treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly, it could shorten operative time, hospital stays, leaving bed time, decrease complications and promote recovery of function.</p>

Surgical treatment for posterior Pilon fracture through posterolateral approach / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for posterior Pilon fracture through posterolateral approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventeen patients with posterior Pilon fracture were treated through posterolateral approach from February 2010 to April 2013. Among them,including 11 males and 6 females aged from 29 to 59 with an average of 43.4 years old. All fractures were associated with more than 20% of articular surface of distal tibial. The causes of injury included falling down (11 cases), traffic accident (4 cases) and sports injury(6 cases). Fracture classification was based on posterior pilon fracture by YU Guang-rong, including type I (6 cases), type II (2 cases) and type III (6 cases). Fracture healing time, fracture reduction and postoperative complications were observed, AOFAS score were applied to evaluate clinical efficacy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 13 to 24 months with an average of 20.5 months. All incisions were healed at stage I, and fractures obtained healing,the time of fracture healing ranged from 12 to 21 weeks with an average of 15.2 weeks. No incision infection, neurovascular injury, bone ununion and fracture deformity were found after operation. Postoperative AOFAS score was 92.0 ± 10.2, and 14 cases got excellent results, 2 good and 1 moderate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Posterior pilon fracture through posterolateral approach could obtain effective reduction, stable fixation. It is a safe, simple and effective operation for treating posterior Pilon fracture, and it is worth popularizing.</p>

Study on biomechanical stability in simulated femoral neck fracture fixation by two cannulated screws / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the stability of internal fixation for femoral neck fracture(FNF) using two or three cannulated screws directed to different fracture lines, and to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical decision making.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen fresh frozen human femur samples were selected and the FNF model was established with Pauwels angle of 30°, 50° and 70° respectively. The models were fixed with three or two cannulated screws, and their differences at tensile strength, subsidence, shear strength and composite displacement, gap distance, torsional angle and stiffness values of four types of femur were evaluated to identify their biomechanical stability.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With Pauwels angle of 30° and 50°, no statistical differences at the referenced outcomes were observed between two and three cannulated screw fixation for FNF(>0.05). With the Pauwels angle of 70 °, three cannulated screws fixation were significantly superior to two cannulated screws fixation for FNF(<0.05). Nevertheless, when Pauwels angle was 70°, three cannulated screws fixation turned out to be relative instable compared with Pauwels angle of 30° and 50°.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>With Pauwels angle of 30° and 50°, two cannulated screws fixation was similarly stable as using three cannulated screws for FNF. Three cannulated screws fixation were obviously superior to two cannulated screws fixation when Pauwels angle was 70°, but the application of three cannulated screws could still be insufficiently stable when only such routine fixations were utilized. Therefore, Angle Stabilizing System or anti-sliding screws were needed to enhance the stability of FNF fixation.</p>

AO elastic intramedullary nailing for the treatment of clavicle fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the outcome of Titanium elastic intramedullary nailing (TEN) for the treatment of displaced midclavicular fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between February 2010 and February 2013, 62 patients with displaced midclavicular fractures were treated by TEN, including 27 males and 35 females with an average age of 37.6 years old ranging from 15 to 67 years. The course of disease was from 1 to 9 days (means 2.7 days). Thirty-nine cases were treated by closed reduction and 23 cases by assistant small incision. Based on OTA (the Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification) classification, 31 cases of simple fractures involved 5 cases of 06-A1,15 cases of 06-A2,11 cases of 06-A3; 31 cases of wedge fractures involved 4 cases of 06-B1,12 cases of 06-B2,15 cases of 06-B3. Postoperative pain relief were evaluated by VAS score,and operation time,fracture healing time were recorded. After 6 weeks and after removing internal fixation shoulder joint function was evaluated by Constant score, and shoulder joint function were assessed by Herscovici score after 6 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Except 2 cases were lost to follow-up, 2 cases did not remove internal fixation, 3 cases' fractures were nonunion, the remaining 55 patients received follow-up for an average time of 11.4 months. The average preoperative VAS score was 5.20±0.71, and it turned to be 1.550.59 at 3 days after operation. The average operative duration was 40 min (15 to 65 min). The average bone healing time was (2.71±0.54) months (2 to 5 months). No difference about bone healing time was found between simple fractures and wedge fractures,and between the patients treated by closed reduction and assistant small incision. According to Herscovici standard, the shoulder function was excellent in 49 cases, good in 4, fair in 1, and poor in 1. Simple fractures achieved better Constant score than wedge fractures at 6 weeks postoperatively, whereas no difference was found at 4 weeks after fixation removal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Titanium elastic nails (TEN) for treatment of displaced midclavicular fractures has advantages of good clinical effect,rapid pain relief,fast recovery of shoulder joint function. For OTA classification type B patients with comminuted fracture can replace steel to achieve very good effect, but to grasp the appropriate.</p>

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of kallikrein 1 gene with cerebral hemorrhage in Changsha Han Chinese / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KLK1 gene and cerebral hemorrhage in Changsha Han Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and seventy-three cerebral hemorrhage (CH) patients and 140 healthy controls were collected. The SNPs of rs5516 and rs5517 loci of KLK1 gene were analyzed by SNaPshot methods and direct sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1)Genotype and allele frequencies in rs5516 locus had no difference between the CH patients and controls (P> 0.05). However, the A allele frequency of the rs5517 locus in CH patients was higher than that in the control group (0.419, 0.321 respectively, P< 0.05). (2)In the control group,the levels of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the GA and AA genotype carriers of the rs5517 locus were significantly higher than those of the GG genotype (P< 0.05), while the levels of blood pressure were not significantly different among different genotypes of the rs5516 polymorphism in both CH patients and the control group(P> 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Author's preliminary results suggested that the rs5517 polymorphism was associated with cerebral hemorrhage, while the rs5516 polymorphism was not in Changsha Han Chinese.</p>

Outcome analysis of surveillance on endemic fluorosis during thr period of 1991 to 2006 in Jilin Province / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To unveil the changes of endemic fluorosis in order to provide the scientific basis for making countermeasure. Methods Seven villages was selected as monitoring points in Qianan County of Jilin Province where drinking water was improved or was going tobe improved. Dental fluorosis was surveyed with Dean method and for urine fluoride content was tested using fluoride ion-selective electrode analysis in 8 - 12 years old children. Clinical skeletal fluorosis was detected in all residents of aged 16 and over in the beginning of the monitor and every 3 years. X-ray films were taken in those over 16 years old at the beginning of the monitor and every 5 years. Results Detectable rate of dental fluorosis was decreased compared with before(Weizi: 11.3% to 2.2%, Danzi: 16.3% to 12.1%, Houqi: 53.7% to 37.5%, Houju: 38.6% to 33.3%), and severity was declining, for example, in Dongnanjing, rate of being moderate was dropping from 11.3% to 7.8%, severe rate from 2.8% to 0;in Houqi: moderate rate from 16.7% to 0, severe rate from 1.9% to 0;in Houju, moderate rate from 1.4% to 0,severe rate from 1.4% to 0. However, detectable rate of dental fluorosis rose in Dabin from 61.7% to 70.0% and in Dongbin-donju from 52.7% to 71.1% due to increased fluorides in drinking water. Urine fluorides content in 8 - 12 years old children was decreased to normal level(1.5 mg/L) in most of monitoring spots, but in Dabin it still remained at a high level, being 4.03 and 4.57 mg/L before and after respectively. Detectable rate clinical skeletal fluorosis was between 11.1% - 25.7% among those aged 16 and over in 7 monitoring point in 1991 - 2006, however it increased year after year in Dabin (15.9%, 21.6% and 25.7% in 1991, 1993 and 1995). Positive X-ray rate for skeletal fluorosis was decreased from 54.9% to 24.0% in Dabin, from 40.7% to 23.5% in Dongbin-donju and from 28.6% to 20.4% in Dangnanjing. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis has been controlled attributed to improved drinking water and decreased fluorides content in drinking water. Combined methods are needed to decrease to the intake of fluorides to control the diseases.

The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on portal hypertension and hepatic microcirculation in rats / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) on hepatic microcirculation and portal hypertension in CCl4 treated rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into a blank, a CCl4 treated and a CCl4 plus EGb treated group, and all were treated for 10 weeks. The free portal vein pressures were measured through catheterizations. Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells and other parameters of hepatic microcirculation were studied with transmission electron microscopy. The amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), endothelin (ET-1), platelet-activating factor (PAF), nitric oxide (NO), cNOS and iNOS in the liver tissues were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The portal vein pressure of the CCl4 plus EGb treated group was (7.4 +/- 0.6) mm Hg while the pressure of the CCl4 treated group was (8.7 +/- 0.8) mm Hg. Aggregation of blood cells or microthrombosis in hepatic sinusoids, deposition of collagen in hepatic sinusoids and spaces of Disse, injury of endothelial cells and capillarization of hepatic sinusoid were significantly milder in the EGb group. The amounts of MDA, ET-1, PAF, NO and iNOS were markedly lower in the CCl4 plus EGb treated group than in the CCl4 treated group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results demonstrated that EGb can decrease the portal vein pressure and improve hepatic microcirculation in CCl4 treated rats. The mechanisms of this effect may involve its inhibition on ET-1, PAF, lipid peroxidation, and down regulation of the hepatic iNOS and NO expressions.</p>

Association of APOA5 gene polymorphism with levels of lipids and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in Chinese / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) -12238 T>C and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and forty-one subjects (170 ACI patients and 171 healthy controls) were collected to determine the genotypes by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>APOA5 allele frequencies of T/C were 0.588/0.412 and 0.424/0.576 in ACI group and control group respectively. There was significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies between ACI group and control group (P < 0.05). The levels of plasma triglyceride in ACI patients with TT genotype were higher than those in patients with CC genotypes (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The relationship is found between the site of APOA5 gene -12238 T>C and ACI. There is a significant correlation between TT genotype of APOA5 and the levels of plasma triglyceride in patients with ACI.</p>

Relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of paraoxonase 2 and stroke / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of paraoxonase 2 (PON2) and stroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Objects examined comprised of three groups: 120 healthy people, 150 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, 180 patients with cerebral infarction. The PON2 genotypes were determined with PCR and digested by specific restriction enzymes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>C311S and G148A polymorphisms of PON2 gene existed among population of Chinese Hunan area, with the allele frequencies 0.23/0.77 for C/S and 0.57/0.43 for G/A in the control group. There was no significant difference of genotype and allele frequency between stroke patients and controls (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>C311S polymorphism of PON2 has no significant correlation with stroke in Han people of Chinese Hunan area and allele C/S is not an independent risk factor for stroke,neither is G148A.</p>

Treatment of esophageal varicose bleeding by percutaneous transhepatic varices obliteration and partial spleen embolization / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical efficacy of TH glue (cyanoacrylate) obliteration of esophageal varices and partial spleen embolization (PSE) in the treatment of esophageal varices bleeding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>TH glue was injected into the gastroesophageal varices and their feeder veins in 84 patients. According to the size of the varices and their blood flow, the TH glue was injected alone or after a steel coil was placed at the ostium of the feeder vein. Sometimes absolute alcohol was also injected into the varices. PSE was performed after the TH glue obliteration in all patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The TH glue obliteration was performed on 81 patients with a success rate of 96.4%. Three patients died from the procedure. (2) The left gastric vein coronary, gastric varices, pericardial varices, and lower esophageal veins were obliterated in 38 patients (group 1). Left gastric vein, gastric varices, and pericardial veins were obliterated in 31 patients (group 2). Only the main gastric coronary vein was obliterated in 9 patients (group 3). The disappearance rate of the esophageal varices was 71.1% (27/38), 35.5% (11/31) and 0% (0/9) in the three groups. (3) During a follow-up of 6-49 months, rebleeding occurred in 13 of all 78 (16.7%) patients, and it was 7.9% (3/38), 12.9% (4/31) and 66.7% (6/9) respectively in the three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results suggest percutaneous transhepatic TH glue obliteration of esophageal varices and PSE are safe and effective in treating gastroesophageal varicose bleeding.</p>

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase gene 608C/T polymorphism associated with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the distribution of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase gene (LCAT) 608C/T polymorphism in Chinese Han population and the relationship of the polymorphism association with the occurrence of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase gene 608C/T polymorphism is identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 150 patients with ACI and 122 healthy controls matching age and sex.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distribution of LCAT 608C/T gene polymorphism was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The CT genotype frequency (14.0%) and T allele frequency (7.0%) in ACI group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in 608CC subgroups were significantly higher than those in 608CT subgroups both in ACI group and in control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The LCAT 608C/T polymorphism is possibly a predisposing factor in ACI happening of Chinese Han population. T allele frequency is possibly concerned with the metabolism of HDL-C.</p>

A randomized controlled Multi-center clinical trial on mosapride in the treatment of functional dyspepsia / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mosapride on treatment of functional dyspepsia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted and patients suffered from functional dyspepsia were included. 5 mg mosapride was given three times daily for 4 weeks in the treatment group. 10 mg domperidone was given three times daily for 4 weeks as control. Changes on symptom score, gastric empty or new occurring events were included as outcomes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>231 patients suffered from functional dyspepsia were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria from August 15 to Oct 22, 1999. Of these, 108 (46.8%) were males, versus 123 (53.2%) females and 118 (51.2%) in the treatment group and 113 (48.9%) as controls. 222 (96.1%) patients were followed up. Results showed that the total efficacy rates in early satiety and abdominal distension were 84.5% and 90.1% in mosapride after the 2 weeks of treatment. Mosapride seemed to be more effective in improving symptoms of belching and heartburn than that in controls (P < 0.05). In 4 weeks, the total efficacy in improving symptoms of abdominal distention and belching showed more effective in mosapride than that in controls (P < 0.05). Decrease of symptoms score was more in mosapride than that in controls (P < 0.05). Mosapride was less effective in controls in improving the gastric empty in terms of proportion (46.2% vs. 25.9%, P = 0.020) and range (46.2% vs. 24.0%, P = 0.003). Side effects would include diarrhea, constipation, headache, dizziness, insomnia, skin scare and the like. There was no significant difference between the two groups (9.6% in mosapride vs. 14.0% in controls).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mosapride was safe and effective in improving the symptoms and gastric empty of functional dyspepsia.</p>

Evaluation on a cohort based population intervention project regarding risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the changes of risk factors in cerebrovascular diseases in cohort-based population after intervention and evaluating the intervention effect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 1987, an intervention cohort and a control cohort were selected randomly in urban areas of Changsha. Risk factors in cerebrovascular diseases were investigated in two cohort populations aged over 35 years as baseline indication. Then comprehensive prevention of cerebrovascular diseases was carried out in intervention cohort during 1987 - 2000. After intervention for 14 years, a reexamination was taken in the two groups noted above.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 14 years, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, mean systolic and diastolic pressure, weight increased from 33.8% to 35.7%, 30 to 129 per 10,000, 128.41 mm Hg to 134.49 mm Hg, 77.78 mm Hg to 78.54 mm Hg, 54.80 kg to 57.78 kg in the intervention group, respectively while the baseline indication increased from 35.9% to 56.8%, 30 to 228 per 10,000, 127.70 mm Hg to 141.80 mm Hg, 78.27 mm Hg to 82.89 mm Hg, 54.92 kg to 59.69 kg in the control one. The changes were of statistical significance in each group except diastolic pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in intervention group, but all the parameters increased significantly in the control group; rate of alcohol intake decreased significantly in two groups, but rate of cigarette smoking decreased with no significance. The changes between two groups were not significant either; the cumulative incidence of stroke was significantly lower in intervention cohort (3.4%) than in control cohort (4.7%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus etc.) were increasing along with by aging. Intervention programs can delay the increase of risk factors and down-regulate the incidence of stroke.</p>

Lipoprotein (a) and cerebral infarction in young adults / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relation between lipoprotein (a) (LP(a)) and cerebral infarction in young adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum LP(a) of 90 young adults (age below 45 years) with cerebral infarction was measured. Serum lipids include triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were also measured. Other possible risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, drinking and family stroke history were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference of serum LP(a) value between stroke patients and controls. TG (P < 0.01) and ApoB (P < 0.01) values in patients with cerebral infarction were significant higher than those in controls. Lipoprotein (a) was correlated with total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, with the values of correlation coefficient (r) 0.28 and 0.23 (both P < 0.01). After adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, drinking alcohol, family stroke history and other serum lipids, the odd radio for LP(a) and cerebral infarction was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.27 - 1.98). The odd radio for elevated TG was 3.57 (95% CI: 1.34 - 9.49); The odd ratios for hypertension, heart diseases and smoking as risk factors for cerebral infarction in young patients showed as: hypertension OR = 8.18, 95% CI: 2.54 - 26.33; heart diseases: OR = 8.51, 95% CI: 2.27 - 31.85; smoking: OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.27 - 8.13.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LP(a) might not be a risk factor for cerebral infarction in young patients while elevated triglyceride, hypertension, heart diseases and smoking were important risk factors in young adults with cerebral infarction.</p>

Evaluation of effectiveness of intervention on risk factors for cerebrovascular disease in three cities of China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of community intervention on risk factors of cerebrovascular disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With cluster sampling, 2,586 and 2,723 women and men aged 35 to 74 were selected randomly as intervention cohort and control cohort, respectively, from about 300 thousand community population in Beijing, Shanghai and Changsha, during 1997 to 2000. Their blood pressure, levels of blood lipid, body mass index (BMI) were measured and status of smoking and alcohol consumption were surveyed as indices of evaluation. Health education for smoking quit, alcohol consumption restriction and reinforced treatment for diabetic and hypertensive patients were implemented in the intervention communities. And, 2,544 and 2,533 persons in the two cohorts responded three years after intervention, and then all the indices mentioned above were measure again for them.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Average reduction in systolic blood pressure by 3.21 mm Hg and serum level of total cholesterol by 0.58 mmol/L was achieved in intervention cohort after intervention, but with 0.48 mmol/L increase in triglyceride. Average blood levels of both high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and glucose increased in the two cohorts after intervention, but with 0.30 mmol/L net increase of blood glucose in control cohort. There was no significant difference in average increase of HDL-C between the two cohorts. BMI increased by 0.56 in control cohort, and no significant change in intervention cohort. Proportion of smoking decreased by 5.4% in men and 2.4% in women of intervention cohort, and no change in control cohort.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Level of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease reduced significantly with community intervention.</p>

A comparative study of percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization with cyanoacrylate and ethanol,gelfoam or metal coils / 中华消化杂志

0.05).The variced recurrence rate in 1- and 2-year were 12% (3/25) and 20% (5/25) in TH glue group,and 39.1% (9/23) and 86.9%(20/23) in control group (P