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The excessive inflammatory response induced by myocardial infarction exacerbates heart injury and leads to the development of heart failure. Recent studies have confirmed the involvement of multiple transcription factors in the modulation of cardiovascular disease processes. However, the role of KLF9 in the inflammatory response induced by cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression of KLF9 significantly increased during myocardial infarction. Besides, we also detected high expression of KLF9 in infiltrated macrophages after myocardial infarction. Our functional studies revealed that KLF9 deficiency prevented cardiac function and adverse cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, the downregulation of KLF9 inhibited the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling, leading to the suppression of inflammatory responses of macrophages triggered by myocardial infarction. Mechanistically, KLF9 was directly bound to the TLR2 promoter to enhance its expression, subsequently promoting the activation of inflammation-related signaling pathways. Our results suggested that KLF9 is a pro-inflammatory transcription factor in macrophages and targeting KLF9 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic heart disease.
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Objective To study influence of tongxinluo on blood endothelial microparticles(EM Ps) and matrix metalloprotei‐nase‐9(MMP‐9) in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) .Methods One hundred and twenty‐eight hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction after per‐cutaneous coronary intervention were recruited from January 2012 to December 2014 ,All patients were randomly divided into tongxinluo group (n=65) and control group (con‐ventional treatment ,n=63) .Tongxinluo group was on the basis of conventional treatment group with tongxinluo capsules 2 plus ,3 times a day .We detected the EMPs and MMP‐9 of two groups preoperatively and on the 7th postoperatively day .Results Com‐pared with the conventional treatment group ,blood EMPs and MMP‐9 in tongxinluo group were lower after 7 days treatment ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .There was a positive correlation between the EMPs and MMP‐9(P<0 .05) .Con‐clusion For patients with acute myocardial infarction after percu‐taneous coronary intervention ,tongxinluo could further inhibit in‐flammatory reaction ,make the plaque stability and improve the function of endothelial cells on the basis of conventional treatment groups .
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ThisstudywasaimedtoobservetheinhibitoryeffectsofQi-Zhu (QZ)granulesonearlyproteinuria in diabetic nephropathy rats with syndrome of qi-yin deficiency and phlegm blocking collaterals. A total of 44 rats were randomly divided into the blank group, model group, Huang-Kui capsule group, QZ granules group. The rat model of diabetic nephropathy with syndrome of qi-yin deficiency and phlegm blocking collaterals was induced by the combination of unilateral renal artery ligation, diet of high-calorie and high cholesterol, and intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin. The medication was given for 8 weeks. The concentrations of protein and creatinine in urine were observed on the 4th week. The blood glucose, blood lipids, liver function and renal pathological changes were observed at the end of the experiment. The results showed that compared with the model group, QZ granules can obvious suppress early proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy, promote creatinine excretion, regulate blood lipid metabolism, protect liver function and improve renal pathological changes. It was concluded that QZ granules had independent inhibition effect on early proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy rats with syndrome of qi-yin deficiency and phlegm blocking collaterals. The effect was independent of lowing blood glucose. It represented the corresponding relation between the syndrome and efficacy in Chinese herb compounds.
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Objective: To study significance of detection of serum levels of high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) for assessing patient’s condition in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Serum levels of hsCRP, TNF-α and IL-8 were measured in 78 CHD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) before and three months after PCI. Among CHD patients, there were 17 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 36 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and 25 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP). Their levels of above indicators were compared with those of 47 healthy subjects (normal control group). Results: （1）Compared with normal control group, there were significant increase in serum levels of hsCRP [ (1.96±0.60) mg/L vs. (22.43±9.68) mg/L, (18.27±8.56) mg/L], TNF-α [ (11.26±3.82) ng/L vs. (60.12±19.37) ng/L, (40.33±15.48) ng/L] and IL-8 [ (48.26±20.87) ng/L vs. (120.36±33.32) ng/L, (105.92±34.2) ng/L] in AMI group and UAP group before treatment (P0.05 all). Conclusions: Detections of serum levels of hsCRP, TNF-α and IL-8 in CHD patients are of certain significance for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis prediction of CHD.
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BACKGROUND: The molecular mechanism and core regulatory network of deep vein thrombosis are not fully clarified yet.OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles of oxidative stress and Rac1/2 in rat deep vein thrombosis.METHODS: Deep vein thrombosis model in SD rats was established by a champing method femoral veins clamping combinedwith fixation of the lower extremity with plaster. The incidence and serious degree of thrombus were observed by dissecting ratfemoral vein at different time points (2.5 and 25 hours after modeling). The model rats were divided into pre-thrombogenesisgroup (2.5 hours after modeling), thrombogenesis group (25 hours after modeling) and non-thrombogenesis group (25 hours aftermodeling). Then total RNA and protein were extracted from the femoral venous wall tissues.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Colorimetry results showed that compared with the non-thrombogenesis group, theconcentration of malondiadehyde in rat femoral vein wall tissues of the thrombogenesis group was the highest (P < 0.05), followedby that of the pre-thrombogenesis group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductasein the thrombogenesis group were the lowest, followed by those in the pre-thrombogenesis group (P < 0.05). The results of genechip hybridization analysis and real-time PCR showed that compared with the non-thrombogenesis group, the expressions ofRac1 and Rac2 in rat femoral vein wall tissues of thrombogenesis group increased the most, followed by that of thepre-thrombogenesis group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the up-regulation of malondialdehyde and Rac1/2 as well asthe activity decrease of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase may lead to the formation of deep venousthrombosis.
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BACKGROUND: At present, the basic underlying molecular mechanism regulating the interactions among venous endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, and promoting local deep vein thrombosis microenvironment formation, still remains unclear, and there is no ideal method for early diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. OBJECTIVE: To study the underlying role of nuclear factor kappa B1 and tissue factor in rats with deep vein thrombosis. METHODS: A total of 67 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10) and model group (n=57). Deep vein thrombosis model was established by a clamping and sewing method in femoral vein combined with cast fixation. The incidence and serious degree of thrombus were observed by dissecting rat femoral vein in different time points (2.5 and 25 hours after modeling). The model group was further divided into pre-thrombogenesis group (2.5 hours after modeling), thrombogenesis group (25 hours after modeling) and non-thrombogenesis group (25 hours after modeling). Then total RNA was extracted from the localized femoral venous endothelial tissue. The candidate genes, associated inflammation and thrombosis, were screened by a special gene chip. Then the gene expression of nuclear factor kappa B1 and tissue factor was further identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pre-thrombogenesis group had no thrombogenesis, while thrombogenesis group have 23 cases with thrombosis and non-thrombogenesis group have 22 cases without thrombosis. The results of gene chip hybridization analysis and real-time PCR found that the mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa B1 and tissue factor in rat femoral vein endothelial tissue were significantly up-regulated at 2.5 hours after modeling (pre-thrombogenesis group was higher than control group) (P < 0.05), and continued up-regulating at 25 hours after modeling (thrombogenesis group was higher than the pre-thrombogenesis group, non-thrombogenesis group and control group) (P < 0.05). The results from present study indicate that up-regulating expressions of nuclear factor kappa B1 and tissue factor in local femoral venous endothelial tissue of rat deep vein thrombosis models may play a key role in initiating venous thrombosis.
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The present paper introduces the components and operating principle of Sensation 16 CT date measuring system (DMS), analyzes the fixed position of modules and channels in array detector modules (ADM), the Checkup table, Tuneup table and IRS table in ICS Syngo Service. The author also puts forward a solution of manual handling of defective channels.
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Artefatos , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador , Métodos , Software , Tomografia Computadorizada EspiralRESUMO
Objective To investigate the influence of Yishen granule on the expression of type Ⅳ collagen,laminin (LN)and fibroneetin (FN)in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats.Methods DN model rats were established by unilateral nephrectomy and intraperltoneal injection of STZ.The experimental rats were divided into six groups:normal group,DN model group,Yishen granule groups in low and high dose (8.1 g/kg、16.2 g/kg) and positive control medicine group with lotensin (0.0015 g/kg).After 16 weeks of treatment,kidney tissues were sampled and pathologically observed through Masson trichrome staining.The proteins of type Ⅳ collagen、LN and FN were determined through immunohistochemical methods.Results The type Ⅳ collagen in normal group,DN model group,Yishen granule groups in low and high dose,and positive control medicine group was (1521.22 ± 415.26),(1579.22 ± 343.26),(3402.00 ± 863.39),(2984.30 ± 674.53),(2959.15 ± 561.22),(2918.04±363.96); LN was (1968.04±522.17),(2004.52±417.19),(3299.04±665.78),(3116.89±540.10),(2932.63 ± 528.38),(2815.89 ± 798.58) ; FN was (2614.67 ± 533.82),(2742.63 ± 562.80),(3311.41 ± 529.29),(2993.44±548.66),(2953.30±535.74),(2897.41 ±505.84) respectively.The level of type Ⅳ collagen、LN and FN expression in Yishen granule group obviously decreased as compared with that in DN model group (P＜0.05).The mesangial cells,basement membrane thickening and endocapillary proliferation in glomerular filtration membrane were significantly alleviated in Yishen granule group.The pathology of kidney was obviously modulated by Yishen granule.Conclusion Yishen granule can significantly inhibits the expression of type Ⅳ collagen、LN and FN in DN rats,which may be the mechanisms for Yishen granule in protecting the DN rat's kidney.
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BACKGROUND: At present, the basic molecular etiological mechanism and core regulatory network of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains uncertain, and there is not an ideal measure for early diagnosis of DVT. OBJECTIVE: To study the underlying impact of cathepsin L/G in DVT rat model. METHODS: DVT rat models (n = 50) were established by clamping both femoral vein in three different positions within 3 seconds with mosquito forceps and fixing with cast. According to different observation phases and biological situations of the femoral vein thrombosis, model rats were divided into thrombogenesis group, pre-thrombogenesis group and non-thrombogenesis group. An additional 10 normal rats served as control group. Femoral vein was obtained at corresponding time points to exact total RNA. After a gene chip-based screening, the data of gene expression were further dissected by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSUON: Gene chip hybridization analysis results demonstrated that differential expression of cathepsin L/G gene was significant among groups, and the expression was greatest in the thrombogenesis group, followed by pre-thrombogenesis and non-thrombogenesis groups, which was significantly greater than the control group (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis results were consistent with gene chip hybridization analysis results. These indicate that DVT is associated with an increase in expression of cathepsin L/G in local venous vascular wall, and they may be candidate molecular markers for early diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.
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BACKGROUND: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) always occurs after orthopedic surgery. At present, clinical diagnosis of DVT has been lack of an effective measuring means for a long time. Cathepsin may be an effective biological marker of DVT. OBJECTIVE: To study the expression change of cathepsin B and cathepsin C in the rat blood cells before and after DVT and to investigate the feasibility of cathepsin B and cathepsin C as candidate molecular markers for early diagnosis of DVT. METHODS: Totally 100 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10) and model group (n=90). Rat traumatic deep vein thrombosis models were established by clamping the femoral vein and fixing the bilateral hind limbs. According to observation time points and the different situations of thrombosis, rat models were assigned to three subgroups: pre-thrombosis, intra-thrombosis, and non-thrombosis. Blood RNA of each group was extracted and reverse transcribed into cDNA. The expression of cathepsin B and cathepsin C in blood cells was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSUON: Expression of cathepsin B and cathepsin C in the blood cells was obviously expressed in the intra-thrombosis subgroup. There was no significant difference in cathepsin B and cathepsin C expression between pre-thrombosis, non-thrombosis groups and normal control group. These findings suggest that cathepsin B and cathepsin C are closely related to DVP and they can be used as the candidate molecular markers for early diagnosis of DVT.
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BACKGROUND:There is lack of an effective measuring means to diagnose deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in clinic.KLF2 and KLF4 are down-expressed at prethrombotic state,which may be served as predictive molecular markers to diagnose DVT.OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of KLF2 and KLF4 as molecular markers to prediagnose DVT in rats.METHODS:Totally 90 rats were obtained from 100 rats to establish traumatic DVT models and divided into the prethrombotic,thrombosis crest-time and non-thrombosis groups.The remained 10 rats served as control group.Rat blood was collected at each time point,and the expressions of KLF2 and KLF4 were detected by real-time PCR.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The KLF2 and KLF4 mRNA expressions in the prethrombotic group and thrombosis crest-time group were lower than that of the control group.However,the KLF2 and KLF4 mRNA expressions in the non-thrombosis group was higher than that of the control group.Therefore,KLF2 and KLF4 may be candidate molecular markers for prediagnosis of DVT in rats.
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BACKGROUND:Studies in recent years have demonstrated that arginase Ⅰ contribute to the process of numerous cardiovascular diseases,however,most of studies focus on arteries,few regarding venous diseases.OBJECTIVE:To explore the changes of arginase Ⅰ expression in rat traumatic deep venous thrombosis models,and to analyze the possible function of arginase Ⅰ in deep venous thrombosis formation.METHODS:Totally 100 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control and model groups.Traumatic deep venous thrombosis models were established by clamping the femoral vein and immobilizing the bilateral hind limbs (hip spica cast fixation),and assigned into initial thrombosis,peak thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups according to different observing time points and pathophysiological situations of thrombosis.Whole blood RNA of each group was extracted,and the change of arginase I expression in blood cells of each group was detected by real-time PCR.RESULTS AND CONCLUSUON:Expression of arginase Ⅰ in the peak thrombosis group was significantly increased compared with other 3 groups (P < 0.01).There were no significances among control,initial thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups (P > 0.05).The finding demonstrated that arginase Ⅰ is closely related to deep vein thrombosis formation.
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BACKGROUND:The molecular mechanism of traumatic deep vein thrombosis is complex.Numerous studies focus on clinical observation and epidemiology,but its molecular mechanism has not been a new breakthrough.OBJECTIVE:By use of gene array technology,this study was aimed to study the expression changes of matrix metalloproteinases in rat models of traumatic deep vein thrombosis,and to explore the roles of matrix metalloproteinases in traumatic deep venous thrombosis.METHODS:A total of 150 SD rats,SPF grade,of 8-12 weeks old,body weight of 250-300 g,were divided at random into normal control group (n=10) and model group (n=140).Rat traumatic deep venous thrombosis models were set up by clamping the femoral vein and fixing the bilateral hind limbs,and the fixation of hip spica with plaster bandage was conducted in each group.Then rats were divided into 7 subgroups:post-traumatic 0.5 hours,post-traumatic 2.5 hours (initial period of thrombosis),post-traumatic 25 hours (thrombogenesis at thrombotic crest-time),post-traumatic 25 hours non-thrombogenesis at the thrombotic crest-time),post-traumatic 72 hours (thrombus resolution),post-traumatic 72 hours thrombus insolution) and post-traumatic 168 hours (nonthrombosis).At the corresponding phasess,the femoral vein tissues were incised,and total RNA of femoral vein was extracted using Trizol one-step method.Applying Genechip Rat Genome 430 2.0 genechips,the gene expressions in femoral vein were detected in different groups.The rate of traumatic deep venous thrombogenesis and non-thrombogenesis,the rate of thrombi solution and insolution were observed;the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases at different time phases was detected by gene array data analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Three model rats died and the remaining 147 rats were involved in the final analysis.At the post-traumatic 25 hours,the rate of thrombogenesis was 50.5% and nonthrombogenesis was 49.5%.To the post-traumatic 168 hours,the rate of thrombus solution was 56.7% and thrombus insolution was 43.3%.Both matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases exhibited differential expressions in the course of traumatic deep venous thrombosis.Under the thrombus insolution state,matrix metalloproteinases continued to show a high expression,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase expression was down-regulated in the thrombus formation,was significantly inhibited in the thrombus insoluUon process.In the process of traumatic deep vein thrombosis and insolution,matrix metalloproteinase was closely related to traumatic deep vein thrombosis,the matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases are likely to affect the biological state of thrombosis.
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Objective To observe the protective effects of Diemailing Injection(DMLI) on experimental myocardial infarction in rats and its mechanism.Methods The experimental myocardial infarction model was induced by left anterior descending coronary occulusion for 24 h in rats.The rats were randomly divided into sham group,myyocardial infaction model group,DMLI groups with different doses(2.5,5.0,10.0 mL?kg~(-1))(n=20).The changes of myocardial infarction size(MIS),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),actate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine phosphokinase(CK),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in serum,endothelin(ET) and angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) levels in plasma,and low shearing specific viscosity,middle shearing specific viscosity and high shearing specific viscosity of blood and specific viscosity of plasma were determined.At the same time,myocardial free fatty acid(FFA) contents of infarction and noninfarction area were determined.Results In rats treated by DMLI(in doses of 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mL?kg~(-1) i.v after coronary occulusion),the MIS was significantly reduced(P