Research progress of optical coherence tomography angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)is a quick, non-invasive imaging technology which can both qualitatively and quantitatively analyze retinal blood perfusion that is now more widely used in clinical practice. Choroidal neovascularization(CNV)is the main cause of loss of vision in the elderly and is caused by neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nARMD). Therefore, the detection of CNV in nARMD is of extreme importance. In this paper, the research progress of OCTA in diagnosing and treating nARMD was reviewed by analyzing the diagnosis, morphology, area and blood perfusion of CNV.

Resveratrol regulates M1/M2 polarization of mice infected with schistosoma japonicum through mitochondria / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of resveratrol on the polarization of macrophages and its correlation with mitochondrion. Methods Fifty-five mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum for three weeks were randomly divided into three groups; infection group (A), resveratrol group (B) and praziquantel group (C). Fifteen normal mice were taken as normal control group (D). On 9th week of infection, M1 and M2 were measured by flow cytometry (FCM), the mRNA level of Ml and M2 related cytokines, PGC-la and mtDNA level were detected by RT-PCR, and the ATP production was detected by ATP kit. RAW264. 7 cells were stimulated by PBS and SEA respectively. Resveratrol and praziquantel were added after stimulation. The percents of Ml and M2 were detected by FCM. PGC-1 a and mtDNA level were detected by RT-PCR. The level of Ml and M2 related cytokines were measured by ELISA. ATP was detected by ATP assay kit. Results Compared to group A, the proportion of Ml in group B increased (P < 0. 05), and the proportion of M2 decreased (P <0. 01). The levels of M2 related cytokines, PGC-1 a, mtDNA, ATP, basal OCR (oxygen comsumpition rate) in liver macrophages in group B were lower than those in group A (P < 0. 05). The levels of Ml related cytokines in group B were evidently higher than those in group A (P < 0.05). RAW264.7 cells were polarized into Ml (P < 0. 05), but not M2 (P < 0. 05) under resveratrol treatment. Moreover, RAW264. 7 cells with resveratrol treatment produced less M2 related cytokines (P < 0. 05), mtDNA, PGC-1 a, ATP and basal OCR (P <0. 05), and more related cytokines (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Resveratrol shifts macrophage polarization from M2 towards Ml by inhibiting the synthesis and ATP production of mitochondria.

Mutation frequency analysis of mitochondrial ND1 gene associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in Chinese population / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)is a common inherited eye disease,which generally affects young adults with bilateral loss of central vision.Mutation frequency of Leber hereditary has not been fully clarified. Objective This study was to investigate the mutation frequency of mitochondrial NDI gene associated with LHON in Chinese population. Methods The proposal of the study was approved by Ethic Committee of Wenzhou Medical College.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject initial of this trial.Eight hundred and ninety-four LHON patients and 134 normal subjects were collected.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of the all participants.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify and sequence analysis of the mitochondrial ND1 gene was performed and aligned with revised Cambridge Reference Sequence(rCRS) of mitochondrial DNA.Then mutated gene frequency was screened and analyzed. Results Mutational analysis of mitochondrial ND1 gene in 894 LHON patients revealed the presence of G3316A,T3394C,G3460A,C3497T,G3635A,G3733A,and T4216C.11.19％ LHON patients (100/894 ) were found to be associated with the gene mutations mentioned above,and 3.24％ patients (29/894) showed the co-occurrence of three primary mutations.Mutation frequencies in LHON patients were 2.57％,2.23％,1.45％,3.80％,0.67％,0.11％,0.34％,respectively,and G3316A,T3394C,C3497T and T4216C also were detected in 134 normal controls with the mutation frequencies of 4.48％,2.99％,4.48％ and 1.49％,respectively.Mutation frequency analysis showed an insignificant difference in the mutations of G3316A,T3394C,C3497T and T4216C between LHON patients and normal controls (x2 =0.926,P=0.336;x2 =0.052,P=0.820; x2 =0.142,P=0.707;P=0.129).G3376A,G3496T,G3700A,A4136G,T4160C and C4171A were absent in Chinese LHON patients. Conclusions Mitoehondrial ND1 gene in LHON is a mutational hotspot in Chinese population,11.19％ (100/894)associated with LHON was caused by ND1 gene mutation.G3635A,G3733A may be rare pathological mutation in Chinese population.However,G3316A,T3394C,C3497T and T4216C are insufficient to produce the clinical phenotype,but they may play a synergic role for penetrance and phenotypic manifestation in LHON.

Inherited mutations of MUTYH and colorectal cancer / 浙江大学学报·医学版

MUTYH, one of base-excision repair enzymes, is associated with human genetic disorders. Inherited biallelic mutations in the human MUTYH gene are responsible for an autosomal recessive syndrome-adenomatous colorectal polyposis (MUTYH associated polyposis, MAP), which significantly increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this article we review the relationship between BER and the oxidative damage to DNA, the functional overlap of BER with other repair proteins, the molecular mechanism of tumourigenesis in MAP, and delineate the MUTYH polyposis phenotype and its prevention.