Analysis of urine volume and dietary salt intake assessed by two 24 hours urine specimens / 中华疾病控制杂志

@#Objective To analyze urine volume and dietary salt intake assessed by two 24 h urine specimens，to discuss its application value for evaluating population level and individual level dietary salt intake． Methods The subjects aged 18-69 years were selected from four counties in Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2014 by using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method． A questionnaire survey was conducted and two 24 h urine with an interval of one day were collected． The differences between two 24 h urine volume，and the dietary salt intake between two 24 h urine were assessed at individual level and population level． Ｒesults A total of 1 288 subjects was( 42．3± 14．0) years old，of which 626( 48．6%) were males． The average urine volume of the subjects was ( 1 462±437) ml． The first 24 h urine volume ( 1 427±488) ml was lower than the second 24 h urine volume ( 1 498± 552) ml ( t = -4．439，P＜0．001) ． The dietary salt intake was ( 9．8±3．3) g，and the dietary salt intake of males ( 10．1±3．5) g was higher than that of females ( 9．5±3．1) g ( t = 3．09，P= 0．002) ． There was a significant difference in dietary salt intake among different age groups ( F= 7．57，P＜0．001) ． The dietary saltintake of 1 136 ( 88．2%) subjects was higher than the recommended level． At the individual level，the participants with the absolute difference with 1g between the subjects’two 24 h urinary salt excretion was 279 ( 21．7%) ，and the participants with the absolute difference with ＞3 g was 48．5%． At the population level，the first 24 h urinary salt excretions ( 9．9 ± 4．1) g was similar to that in the second 24 h urine and ( 9．7±4．0) g ( P= 0．1021) ． The intraclass correlation coefficients between salt excretions in the two 24 h urine was 0．508( 95% CI: 0．451-0．559) ． Conclusion The results of this study suggest that 24 h urinary salt excretion can better assess the salt intake at population level，but cannot accurately reflect the individual’s salt intake．

Results of microscopic examinations and blood slide re-examinations of malaria elimination evaluation in ten prefectures of Yunnan Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the laboratory technicians’ abilities in blood slide making and reading in 10 prefectures of Yunnan Province which have passed the provincial malaria elimination evaluation, so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria elimination surveillance and parasite examination. Methods Thirty negative blood slides were randomly sampled to evaluate coating, dyeing and clean quality and reading results, and 4 laboratory technicians were sampled to evaluate their reading abilities from each prefecture level and its 2 subordinate counties (districts) respectively, and then the results were analyzed. Results A total of 869 negative blood samples were evaluated. The coincidence rate was 100%. The proportions of good coating, dyeing and clean quality were 96.09%, 91.71% and 96.89%, respectively. Totally 576 blood slides were used to evaluate the reading ability. The number of correct reading was 505, and the correct rate was 87.67%. Among them, the Plasmodium vivax correct reading rate was 87.76%, the P. falciparum correct reading rate was 87.50%, and the correct reading rate of mixed infections was 47.62%. The laboratory technicians’ ability to the mixed infections was significantly lower than the ability to the others (χ2 = 37.169, P < 0.05), however, in the laboratory technicians’ abilities, there was no significant difference among the center (s) for disease control and prevention, general hospitals and township hospitals (χ2 = 2.782, P > 0.05), and the prefecture, county and township levels (χ2 = 0.358, P > 0.05) . Conclusion The 10 prefectures have passed the provincial evaluation in blood slide making and microscopic examination skill indicators requested, but the medical and public health institutions at all levels still should further improve their laboratory technicians’ abilities in blood slide making and microscopic examination skills.

Results of microscopic examinations and blood slide re-examinations of malaria elimination evaluation in ten prefectures of Yunnan Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the laboratory technicians’ abilities in blood slide making and reading in 10 prefectures of Yunnan Province which have passed the provincial malaria elimination evaluation, so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria elimination surveillance and parasite examination. Methods Thirty negative blood slides were randomly sampled to evaluate coating, dyeing and clean quality and reading results, and 4 laboratory technicians were sampled to evaluate their reading abilities from each prefecture level and its 2 subordinate counties (districts) respectively, and then the results were analyzed. Results A total of 869 negative blood samples were evaluated. The coincidence rate was 100%. The proportions of good coating, dyeing and clean quality were 96.09%, 91.71% and 96.89%, respectively. Totally 576 blood slides were used to evaluate the reading ability. The number of correct reading was 505, and the correct rate was 87.67%. Among them, the Plasmodium vivax correct reading rate was 87.76%, the P. falciparum correct reading rate was 87.50%, and the correct reading rate of mixed infections was 47.62%. The laboratory technicians’ ability to the mixed infections was significantly lower than the ability to the others (χ2 = 37.169, P < 0.05), however, in the laboratory technicians’ abilities, there was no significant difference among the center (s) for disease control and prevention, general hospitals and township hospitals (χ2 = 2.782, P > 0.05), and the prefecture, county and township levels (χ2 = 0.358, P > 0.05) . Conclusion The 10 prefectures have passed the provincial evaluation in blood slide making and microscopic examination skill indicators requested, but the medical and public health institutions at all levels still should further improve their laboratory technicians’ abilities in blood slide making and microscopic examination skills.

Association between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and obesity in general population aged from 18 to 69 years old / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the association between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and obesity in a general Chinese population aged from 18 to 69 years old. Methods 2 400 from 18 to 69 year-old subjects were selected from four counties in Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2014 by using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Questionnaire survey, physical measurement and 24-hour urine collection were conducted. The relationship between urinary sodium and obesity was analyzed by multivariate linear regression and Logistic regression analysis. Results 2 275 subjects were finally included in the analysis. Obesity rate of the subjects was 19.1%(95% CI:17.4%-20.6%)and 24-hour urinary sodium was (166.4±71.5) mmol/d. The urinary sodium in obese, and central obesity population calculated according to waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were higher than the normal population, respectively (All P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for relevant factors, 24-hour urinary sodium was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and WHtR. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to population in the lowest quantile, population in highest quantile had an increased risk of being the obesity, abdominal obesity(calculated according to WC) and abdominal obesity(calculated according to WHtR) with OR(95% CI) of 1.61(1.18-2.20), 2.01(1.39-2.89) and 1.47(1.15-1.89), respectively, after adjusting for age, gender, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension and diabetes. Conclusions High sodium is independently associated with obesity. Sodium intake is a potential and important risk factor for obesity.

Current researches and prospects of seedling propagation and cultivation modes of Jinxianlian / 中国中药杂志

In the wake of on-the-spot investigation into Chinese major production bases in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, and based on relevant literature, the paper systematically elaborates the current researches of botanical origin, major cultivation type, seedling propagation technique as well as cultivation mode of Jinxianlian. The way of seedling breeding mainly includes aseptic seed culture, in vitro propagation, artificial seed and bioreactor propagation, etc. And the planting model mainly includes protected cultivation modes, bionic wild cultivation modes and pot cultivation modes, etc. Further discussions have also been conducted to tackle significant problems existing in the production process of Jinxianlian, based on personal studies of the authors. It has made considerable contributions for the betterment of Jinxianlian's development and improvement.

Current status and sustainable development countermeasures of Anoectochilus roxburghii / 中国中药杂志

The current status of the domestic manufacturing and sales markets of Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated and analyzed in the study. Some problems in the A. roxburghii industry were revealed and a variety of sustainable development countermeasures were also proposed. The main problems of A. roxburghii industry are the lack of protection for wild resources, the lag in the speed of variety breeding, the insufficient research on the quality systems, the low level of industry and product innovation capability, as well as the relatively low market cognition and brand competence. Therefore, strengthening the protection for breeding resources, establishing a dynamic monitoring system, promoting the variety breeding, constructing a propagation system for improved varieties, enhancing the quality of medicinal herbs, accelerating the adjustment of product structure, upgrading the industry technology, strengthening brand competence and expanding the market, will be the effective methods to realize the sustainable development of A. roxburghii industry.

Evaluating the Environmental Health Effect of Bamboo-Derived Volatile Organic Compounds through Analysis the Metabolic Indices of the Disorder Animal Model / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the bamboo VOCs (volatile organic compounds) effect on animal physiological indices, which associated with human health.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>GC/MS was used to analyze the volatile organic compounds from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocyla cv. pubescens). The effect of VOCs on environmental health was evaluated by analyzing the metabolic indices of the type 2 diabetic mouse model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Spectra of VOC generated by GC/MS were blasted against an in-house MS library confirming the identification of 33 major components that were manually validated. The relative constituent compounds as a percentage of total VOCs determined were alcohols (34.63%), followed by ether (22.02%), aldehyde (15.84%), ketone (11.47%), ester (4.98%), terpenoid (4.38%), and acids (3.83%). Further experimentation established that the metabolic incidence of the disease can be improved if treated with vanillin, leaf alcohol, β-ionone and methyl salicylate. The effects of these VOCs on type 2 diabetes were evident in the blood lipid and blood glucose levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our model suggests that VOCs can potentially control the metabolic indices in type 2 diabetes mice. This experiment data also provides the scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of ornamental bamboos and some reference for other similar study of environmental plants.</p>

Vitamin D status and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Vitamin D status in relation to pancreatic cancer risks is still inconsistent. This study was performed to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and risk of pancreatic cancer using a meta-analysis approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A systemic review of all relevant literature in English was performed by searching Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase to identify eligible studies from the earliest available date to April 1, 2012. The search terms "vitamin D", "25-hydroxyvitamin D", "pancreatic cancer" or "pancreatic neoplasms" were used to retrieve relevant papers. Inclusion criteria were: (1) the exposure of interest was intake of vitamin D or blood levels of vitamin D; (2) the outcome of interest was pancreatic cancer; (3) data on high and low intake or blood vitamin D in cases and controls were available; (4) odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) were provided; (5) primary epidemiological data were provided reporting pancreatic cancer incidence. The combined OR values and their 95% CIs were calculated via a meta-analysis. The potential presence of publication bias was estimated using Egger's regression asymmetry test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine studies with a total of 1 206 011 participants met the inclusion criteria. The test for heterogeneity showed there were significant differences among the included studies (I(2)=70.9%, P=0.001), so a randomized-effects model was used in the meta-analysis. The pooled OR of pancreatic cancer for the highest versus the lowest categories of vitamin D level was 1.14 (95% CI 0.896-1.451), and the Z-score for the overall effect was 1.06 (P=0.288), showing that there was no significant association between vitamin D levels and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Egger's test indicated there was a low possibility of publication bias in this study (P=0.348).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dietary vitamin D or circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are not associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer based on evidence from currently published studies.</p>

High sensitivity C-reactive protein associated with different health predictors in middle-aged and oldest old Chinese / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the distribution of plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and explore the relationship between hsCRP and metabolic risk factors among residents living in longevity areas of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>268 individuals aged between 40 and 59 years and 506 individuals aged over 90 years were selected from 5 longevity areas of China to participate in a cross section longitudinal cohort study. The participants were interviewed with general health related questionnaire to collect their demographic, behavioral and lifestyle data, as well as their chronic conditions, and meanwhile their physical and biomedical parameters including waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), hsCRP, plasma lipids, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median of hsCRP was 0.99 mg/L in the middle-aged group and 1.76 mg/L in the oldest old group. No significant gender difference was observed between the above two groups. Among the oldest old individuals, 36.56% had an hsCRP level >3.0 mg/L. The prevalence of high hsCRP was 16.79% in the middle-aged group. The results of stepwise multiple linear regression analyses showed that HDL-C was independently associated with ln (hsCRP) concentration in the middle-aged group, whereas ln (TG), HDL-C and FBG were correlated after adjustment for gender, study site, smoking, drinking, education and BMI in the oldest old group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HDL-C is a stronger predictor of elevated hsCRP than other metabolic factors in the middle-aged population. For the oldest old persons, high TG, low HDL-C, and FBG predict elevated plasma hsCRP.</p>

Association of anemia with cognition among senior female in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between anemia and cognitive function among senior female aged 90 years old and above in longevity regions in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>383 senior female in 5 longevity areas from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) 2008 - 2009 were included in the study. The cognitive function was assessed by mini mental state examination (MMSE) scale. All subjects were administered the physical examinations and biochemical testing of blood, including the hemoglobin. The difference of cognitive function between those with and without anemia was analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between anemia and cognitive function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 383 subjects were divided into two groups, 141 in anemia group and 242 in group without anemia. The total score of cognitive function was 9.65 ± 9.32 in anemia group, and 13.06 ± 10.25 in group without anemia (χ(2) = 5.59, P < 0.05). The percentage of cognition impairment was 84.4% (119/141) in anemia group, and 72.3% (175/242) in group without anemia (χ(2) = 8.08, P < 0.05). In the multivariable logistic regressions, after adjustment for age, education, marital status, smoking and alcohol drinking, the risk for cognition impairment in anemia group was about twice of that in group without anemia (OR = 2.016, 95%CI: 1.185 - 3.431, P = 0.010).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anemia increases the risk of cognition impairment among senior female in Chinese longevity areas.</p>

A study on chronic diseases and other related health indicators of centenarians in longevity areas in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe chronic diseases and other related health indicators of centenarians, compare these health indicators with other age groups in longevity areas in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Residents who participated in the project of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) conducted in 2008 - 2009 were selected from 7 Longevity Areas.2029 people aged 40 and over attended the study from March to June, 2009, including 469 aged 40 and over, 436 aged 60 and over, 346 aged 80 and over, 380 aged 90 and over, 398 centenarians. Information, including socio-demographic, were collected by self-designed questionnaire. Calibrated instruments were used by the clinical personnel who had worked over 3 years to manually check subjects' health. Venous blood and urine samples were collected for blood and urine routine test, plasma macro and trace elements test, plasma biological test, using standard methods such as instrument analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the groups aged 40 and over, 60 and over, 80 and over, 90 and over, 100 and over, the body mass index (BMI) were (23.2 +/- 4.6), (22.1 +/- 3.7), (20.2 +/- 3.4), (20.2 +/- 3.9) and (19.1 +/- 5.0) kg/m(2) in males (F = 22.78, P < 0.01) and (23.3 +/- 4.0), (21.6 +/- 3.5), (19.7 +/- 3.9), (19.0 +/- 4.8), (18.4 +/- 3.8) kg/m(2) in females (F = 51.84, P < 0.01); the prevalence of hypertension were 38.3% (80/209), 60.8% (166/273), 63.5% (106/167), 61.8% (68/110), 54.8% (34/62) in males (chi(2) = 34.26, P < 0.01) and 32.3% (84/260), 60.1% (98/163), 69.8% (125/179), 61.5% (166/270), 58.9% (198/336) in females (chi(2) = 78.45, P < 0.01); the prevalence of diabetes were 10.5% (22/209), 12.5% (34/273), 9.0% (15/167), 18.2% (20/110), 12.9% (8/62) in males (chi(2) = 5.92, P = 0.20) and 4.2% (11/260), 15.3% (25/163), 10.1% (18/179), 12.2% (33/270), 7.4% (25/336) in females (chi(2) = 19.25, P < 0.01). In groups aged 40 and over, 90 and over, 100 and over, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were (29.03 +/- 5.79), (30.93 +/- 5.39), (31.63 +/- 5.92) U/ml in males (F = 4.40, P < 0.05) and (28.27 +/- 6.25), (30.86 +/- 5.72), (31.55 +/- 5.25) U/ml in females (F = 13.13, P < 0.05); levels of plasma calcium were (3.63 +/- 1.08), (3.09 +/- 0.91), (3.34 +/- 1.07) mmol/L in males (F = 5.71, P < 0.01) and (3.84 +/- 1.02), (3.19 +/- 1.16), (3.38 +/- 1.16) mmol/L in females (F = 11.61, P < 0.01); levels of selenium were (1.44 +/- 0.86), (1.28 +/- 0.60), (1.75 +/- 0.57)micromol/L in males (F = 3.79, P < 0.05) and (1.44 +/- 0.80), (1.48 +/- 0.81), (1.78 +/- 0.80) micromol/L in females (F = 8.69, P < 0.01); levels of iron were (63.25 +/- 49.05), (71.86 +/- 54.16), (138.36 +/- 77.60) micromol/L in males (F = 22.78, P < 0.01) and (64.86 +/- 57.72), (74.56 +/- 56.93), (106.56 +/- 74.08) micromol/L in females (F = 17.88, P < 0.01); levels of copper were (23.49 +/- 12.85), (17.96 +/- 7.57), (22.33 +/- 6.89) micromol/L in males (F = 5.18, P < 0.01) and (21.52 +/- 10.63), (19.60 +/- 9.57), (22.99 +/- 8.71) micromol/L in females (F = 5.68, P < 0.01); positive rates of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP) were 5.5% (8/146), 24.0% (18/75), 31.3% (10/32) in males (chi(2) = 22.62, P < 0.01) and 9.8% (12/122), 19.6% (40/204), 25.1% (49/195) in females (chi(2) = 11.24, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results indicate that the centenarians have lower chronic diseases risks and higher anti-oxidants activity compared with other age groups, and have a high level of nutritional elements compared with those aged 90 and over. However, it is more common for them suffering from inflammation.</p>

Anemia status and its relevant factors among elderly people aged above 80 years old in longevity areas in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the epidemiological characteristics of anemia among elderly people aged 80 years old and above in longevity areas in China and to analyze its relevant factors to the health effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data used in this study came from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, including all centenarians in 7 longevity areas, as well as randomly selected population aged 40-, 60-, 80- and 90- in the same 7 areas. A total of 1980 subjects enrolled in the study. The data of general information, eating habits and diseases history was collected by questionnaire survey. Hemoglobin, plasma macro and trace elements were gained by biochemical test. Logistic regression was used to analyze the anemia and its relevant factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of anemia of elderly people aged 40-, 60-, 80-, 90-, 100- were 16.1% (75/465), 19.1% (82/429), 41.1% (141/343), 46.2% (171/370) and 57.1% (213/373) in 7 longevity areas, which kept on a rise with the increasing of age (z = 14.7, P < 0.05). The prevalence of anemia of male aged 100 years old and above was 66.7% (38/57), which was the highest one among all elderly. Plasma Ca (2.96 mmol/L), Fe (58.22 micromol/L), Zn (28.84 micromol/L) and Cu (19.56 micromol/L) of the elderly people aged 90 years old and above in anemia group, and in control group they were 3.30 mmol/L, 78.26 micromol/L, 33.66 micromol/L, 20.62 micromol/L, respectively. The significant differences were observed between the two groups (z values were -2.95, -3.07, -2.23 and -2.16, P < 0.05). The main risk factors related to anemia were age (OR = 1.675, 95%CI: 1.554 - 1.807), followed by frequency of beans and their products intake (OR = 0.545, 95%CI: 0.435 - 0.682), waist circumference (OR = 0.567, 95%CI: 0.456 - 0.705) and frequency of meat intake (OR = 1.608, 95%CI: 1.303 - 1.983).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The anemia status of oldest old people in longevity areas was severe. Higher frequency of beans and their products intake and maintaining well nutritional condition benefit for the prevention of anemia.</p>

Investigation and analysis of plasma trace elements of oldest elderly in longevity areas in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the levels and differences of plasma selenium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc among oldest elderly in longevity areas in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>446 oldest elderly including 208 centenarians, 238 aged 90 and over, who lived in Xiayi county of Henan province (110 persons), Zhongxiang city of Hubei province (111 persons), Mayang county of Hunan province (60 persons), Sanshui district of Guangdong province (113 persons), Yongfu county of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region (52 persons) in China, were selected. The contents of plasma selenium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc were detected and compared among these elderly who were classified into different genders, different regions and different age groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In oldest elderly, the median (inter-quartile range) of content of plasma selenium was 1.44 (0.91) micromol/L, content of manganese was 0.54 (0.94) micromol/L, content of iron was 69.17 (102.85) micromol/L, content of copper was 20.19 (8.73) micromol/L, content of zinc was 31.66 (32.51) micromol/L. Contents of plasma selenium of oldest elderly in Xiayi, Zhongxiang, Mayang, Sanshui, Yongfu region were 1.46 (0.66), 1.30 (0.80), 1.06 (0.51), 2.39 (1.53) and 1.35(0.55) micromol/L; contents of plasma manganese were 0.56 (0.51), 1.40 (1.11), 0.35 (0.71), 0.44 (0.55) and 0.15 (0.21) micromol/L; contents of plasma iron were 86.77 (86.87), 141.42 (101.83), 38.88 (36.28), 31.38 (46.19) and 79.64 (75.34) micromol/L; contents of plasma copper were 22.16 (8.11), 19.46 (9.26), 21.36 (12.38), 18.12 (6.74) and 21.47 (7.85) micromol/L; contents of plasma zinc were 36.85 (26.18), 36.59 (35.94), 39.98 (56.91), 25.05 (24.92) and 16.74 (16.81) micromol/L. Contents of plasma trace elements among oldest elderly in different longevity areas were significantly different (F values were 29.76, 38.75, 47.18, 11.51 and 13.47, P values were all less than 0.05). Contents of plasma trace elements in different gender groups (contents of plasma selenium were 1.38 (0.83) micromol/L in male and 1.45 (0.91) micromol/L in female; contents of plasma manganese were 0.52 (0.95) and 0.54 (0.91) micromol/L; contents of plasma iron were 69.23 (104.06) and 69.11 (101.05) micromol/L; contents of plasma copper were 20.28 (8.72) and 20.06 (8.76) micromol/L; contents of plasma zinc were 28.39 (32.58) and 31.85 (34.26) micromol/L) were not significantly different (t(Se) = -1.82, P = 0.07; t(Mn) = 0.64, P = 0.52; t(Fe) = 0.65, P = 0.52; t(Cu) = -1.90, P = 0.06; t(Zn) = -0.96, P = 0.34). The contents of plasma selenium, iron, copper in centenarians were higher than those aged 90 and over (contents of plasma selenium were 1.63 (0.94) micromol/L and 1.30 (0.82) micromol/L, contents of plasma iron were 112.63 (119.78) and 60.13 (58.43) micromol/L, contents of plasma copper were 21.07 (9.03) and 18.81 (8.86) micromol/L, F value were 41.99, 27.32, 24.45, P values were less than 0.01). Content of plasma manganese in centenarians was lower than those aged 90 and over (0.44 (0.76) and 0.64 (0.93) micromol/L, F = 10.76, P < 0.01). No significant differences were detected in plasma zinc between concentration and those aged 90 and over (31.78 (34.06) and 31.11 (33.85) micromol/L; F = 1.32, P = 0.25).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The concentrations of plasma selenium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc were high in oldest elderly in the longevity areas. The contents of plasma selenium, iron, copper increased with age.</p>

Level and effect factors of superoxide dismutase and malondialchehyche of the old people aged 90 and over in longevity regions, China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the level and effect factors of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialchelyche (MDA) of the people aged 90 years old and above in longevity regions in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Xiayi county (Henan province), Zhongxiang county (Hubei province), Mayang county (Hunan province), Foshan county Sanshui district (Guangdong province) and Yongfu county (Guangxi province), the people of hundred-year were selected and numbered. The old people aged 90 - 99 according to the age and sex were appointed by the centenarians' code and 496 people were selected in total. Questionnaire investigation was conducted on nationality, education, nutrition, smoking, alcohol drinking, tea drinking and physical activities.436 blood sampling (4 ml Per sampling) were conducted and the level of triglyceride (TG), SOD, MDA, Ca, Mg, and some microelements were determined. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the effect factors of SOD and MDA in plasma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Analysis showed that the activity of plasma SOD was (31.19 +/- 5.51) U/ml, and the content of MDA was (4.68 +/- 1.98) micromol/L. The SOD level of minority people of 90 years old and over was (27.55 +/- 4.97) U/ml, lower than that of Han nationality ((31.73 +/- 5.39) U/ml; t = 5.85, P < 0.01); the MDA level of minority people of 90 years old and over was (5.58 +/- 1.95) micromol/L, higher than that of Han nationality ((4.54 +/- 1.95) micromol/L; t = -3.94, P < 0.01). logistic regression showed, comparing with the Han nationality, the minority had lower level of SOD (OR = 0.493), and higher level of MDA (OR = 5.412, P < 0.05). Beside nationality, the factors significantly affecting the activity of SOD included the intake frequency of meat, intake frequency of eggs and plasma concentration of Se (OR values were 0.388, 2.260 and 1.906, P < 0.05). The factors significantly affecting the level of MDA included the intake frequency of milk, physical activity and the level of TG (OR values were 0.435, 1.850 and 1.647, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The level of SOD of the oldest-old people aged 90 years old and over is relatively higher than the younger ones, and the level of MDA is relatively lower in longevity region, China. The effect factors of SOD are nationality, meat intake frequency, eggs intake frequency and the level of Se in plasma. The effect factors of MDA are nationality, milk intake frequency, physical activity and the level of TG in plasma.</p>

The study on donor site sequelae after autologous breast reconstruction with an extended latissimus dorsi flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevention and treatment on the donor site sequelae after autologous breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>88 patients received breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi flap between May 1999 and Nov 2004 were concerned. We analyzed the donor site sequelae by objective and subjective evaluation and we assessed the functional condition. Results Dorsal hematoma developed in 1 patient. There are 7 patients with dorsal seromas and 2 of them developed capsules; 5 patients with mild skin exfoliate and 1 patient with dry skin necrosis, 2 winged shoulders. No infection and no hypertrophic scars appeared in donor site. There is no significant functional limitation and no influence in daily life.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main complication after autologous breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi flap was seromas and it can be controlled to decrease. There is no severe complication. It's a worthy method in autologous breast reconstruction in oriental people.</p>

Vertical reduction mammaplasty / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The inverted "T" operation is a typical and classic method for breast hypertrophy. Although having good results, it leaves significant scar and tends to have bottom-out deformity with time. The purpose of this study is to introduce our experience in vertical mammaplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The typical Lejour's design was used. The lower part of the breast was excised. The nipple-alveolar complex was elevated to a proper position with the superior dermal-glandular pedicle. Only vertical scar was left after the skin was closed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>24 patients were treated using this method. The results were satisfactory except unilateral nipple-alveolar complex necrosis occurred in one patient. Another patient had a minor revision for the dog-ear 6 months after breast reduction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Vertical reduction mammaplasty is effective with reduced scar and highly satisfactory results. It deserves recommendation.</p>