Recent advances of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanotechnology in cancer targeted drug delivery system / 药学学报

The development of nanotechnology has made it possible to develop safe, efficient, precise and controllable drug delivery system (DDS). Among them, organic or inorganic synthetic nanocarriers have been widely reported and used for the delivery of tumor therapeutic agents. However, some of carriers have several problems, such as easily eliminated by the body's immune system, difficult to preparation or poor safety in vivo. In recent years, with the development of biomedicine, biomimetic technology based biomembrane-mediated nanodrug delivery has organically integrated the low immunogenicity of natural biomembrane, cancer targeting, and the controllable and multifunctional of smart nanocarrier design. It will achieve a new breakthrough of nanotechnology in cancer targeted therapy. Based on the recent advances of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanotechnology and the nanomedicine in the field of cancer therapy, this review discusses the three aspects including the experimental basis of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanotechnology, the classification of biomimetic nanodrug delivery platforms, and the application in cancer targeted therapy. Therefore, the review will provide reference for the design of smart drug delivery system and its development in cancer targeted treatment.

Mitochondrial drug delivery for cancer therapy / 药学学报

Mitochondrion is one of the most vital organelles in cells of human body, and it is involved in many metabolic processes. Mitochondrion dysfunction is closely related to many diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity and ischemia reperfusion injury. As a result, mitochondrial drug delivery has gained more and more attention in the drug discovery against these diseases. This review gives a brief introduction to the relationship between mitochondria and human diseases (e.g., cancer), and summarizes the latest trend of mitochondrial targeting drug delivery system (MTDDS).

Research progress of gene recombinant mesenchymal stem cells as tumor targeting delivery vehicles / 药学学报

The applications of targeting gene delivery systems in tumor therapy have attracted extensive attention of researchers in recent years, as they can selectively deliver the therapeutic gene to tumor sites, improve the success rate of gene therapy and reduce the side effects. Therefore, design and development of novel gene delivery vehicles have been a hot area of current research. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to migrate towards and engraft into the tumor sites. Therefore, these properties make them a great hope for efficient targeted-delivery vehicles in cancer gene therapy. In this review, we examine the promising of utilization of MSCs as a targeted-delivery vehicle for cancer gene therapy, and summarize various challenges and concerns regarding this therapy.

Comparison of glomerular filtration rates by dynamic renal scintigraphy and dual-plasma sample clearance method in diabetic nephropathy / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of renal scintigraphy for the estimation of glomerular filtration rates (dGFR) in patients with diabetic nephropathy as compared to the conventional dual-plasma sample clearance method (pscGFR). Methods Forty-six patients with diabetic nephropathy underwent both dynamic renal scintigraphy and dual-plasma sample measurement after 99Tcm-DTPA injection. Paired student t-test and correlation analysis were performed to compare dGFR and pscGFR (normalized to body surface area,1.73 m-2). Results The mean dGFR was higher than mean pscGFR ((51.08±26.78)ml·min-1vs (44.06±29.43)ml·min-1,t=4.209,P=0.000). The dGFR correlated with pscGFR ( r=0.923,P=0.000) linearly (regression equation:pscGFR=1.015×dGFR-7.773,F=254. 656,P=0.000).Conclusions dGFR correlated well with pscGFR. Although it could not absolutely replace the latter in patients with diabetic nephropathy,dGFR could reasonably evaluate the filtration function for these patients.

Progress in the study of micelle delivery system reversing multidrug resistance / 药学学报

Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to anti-tumor drugs remains a major impediment to successful chemotherapy. There has been an increasing interest in the studies of the mechanism and reverse of the MDR. Being a reliable and safe way to reverse MDR, drug delivery systems (DDS) such as micelle, liposome and nanoparticle, represent a promising prospect both in research and application in recent years. On the basis of recent studies, the effect and mechanism of micelles on reversing MDR are reviewed. And it is anticipated that DDS could contribute greatly to reversing MDR in the future.

Influence of different penetration enhancers on Lappaconitine transcutaneous permeation / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of different kinds and concentration of transdermal enhancers on Lappaconitine transcutaneous permeation when used individually or together.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using modified Franz-type diffusion cell and excised human body skin as an in vitro transdermal model, the concentration of lappaconitine was determined by HPLC, then cumulative permeation quantity (Q) and stability rate (J) of progesterone were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Penetration enhancers such as propylene glycol, dodecanol, IPM, and particularly 3% OA and Azone, can significantly enhance the penetration rate of lappaconitine. Concentration effect of penetration enhancers concentration on lappaconitine transcutaneous permeation were found in experiments, the permeation effect of Azone was better than Azone + OA and Azone + propylene glycol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transdermal rate of lappaconitine from batch which contains 3% OA or Azone is higher than others. Combination of Azone with other penetration enhancers is not recommended for Lappaconitine transcutaneous permeation.</p>

Study on alpha-asarone reservoir-type patch / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare the alpha-asarone reservoir patch and investigate its release and transdermal absorption characteristics in vitro. The efficient enhancers were chosen to improve the drug's permeation rate.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The alpha-asarone reservoir patch was prepared using 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) of ethanol solution as medium and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) membrane to control the release of drug. The Franz diffusion cells were used and several permeation enhancers were evaluated. High performance liquid chromatorgraphy (HPLC) was used to determine alpha-asarone's content and permeation rate.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The release mechanisms of alpha K-asarone patch in vitro coincided with zero-order kinetic. 30% ethanol cooperates with 1% Isopropyl Myristate (IPM) have the best effect on permeation of the patch. The permeation rate reaches (20.67 +/- 1.33) microg x cm(-2) h(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ethanol combined with IPM is good permeation enhancer, which facilitated the permeation of alpha K-asarone to fit the clinical requirements. However, the further studies of the skin's stimulation and bioavailability are needed.</p>

Gene expression of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo enhanced by integrin-targeting adenovirus vector / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To construct an efficient recombinant viral vector for gene therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>First-generation adenovirus (Ad) vector was modified with the RGD peptide inserted into the fiber. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments of gene expression in different tumor cells with conventional and recombinant vectors were conducted. RT-PCR was used for detecting the expression of coxackievirus and adenovirus receptor and integrin at the surface of Meth-A cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fiber-mutant adenovirus vector showed a notably enhanced gene expression in A2058, B16BL6, OV-HM, and Meth-A tumor cells compared with that of conventional ones. In vivo study carried out using Meth-A tumor-bearing mice also demonstrated that the intra-tumoral injection of recombinant adenovirus induced strong gene expression in these CAR-deficient tumor cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The recombinant vector can be a promising one for effective cancer gene therapy.</p>

Preparation and release behavior of chitosan scaffolds encapsulating proteins loaded in PLGA microspheres / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To prepare cells scaffolds with the characteristics of sustained release of proteins.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chitosan scaffolds was prepared by freeze-drying. Porosity and water content of scaffolds were determined. Bovine serum album (BSA) was selected as a model protein. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation and encapsulated into chitosan scaffolds. The morphology of PLGA microspheres and various scaffolds were observed using scanning electron microscope. Release behavior of BSA from various chitosan scaffolds was investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The chitosan scaffold represents porous. At the -70 degrees C of quenching temperature, the porosity and water content of chitosan scaffolds were 78.6% +/- 1.5% and 85.1% +/- 6.2%, respectively. PLGA microspheres can be uniformly encapsulated into scaffolds without any morphology change. Significant sustained release of BSA from PLGA microspheres encapsulated into scaffolds was obtained. The cumulative release at 168 h was only 33.5%, while that of BSA from chitosan scaffolds at 24 h was above 90%. The release behavior can be controlled by adjusting the amount of chitosan in scaffolds and the type of PLGA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The novel chitosan scaffolds encapsulating PLGA microspheres proved to be a promising cells scaffolds with controlling the release of growth factors in tissue engineering.</p>

Transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium gel after iontophoresis / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE: To observe the in vivo effect of combined iontophoresis and laurocapram pretreatment on transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium gel. METHODS: Diclofenac sodium gel was prepared using polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose sodium and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. The diclofenac blood level in rabbits was measured in four groups: passive diffusion, laurocapram pretreatment, iontophoresis (current density controlled at 0.3 mA/cm(2)) and combined laurocapram pretreatment and iontophoresis. Rabbit stratum corneum of each of the four groups was examined using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Diclofenac blood concentration in the passive diffusion group was undetectable. The diclofenac blood concentration area under the curve compared with time was 8.4 &mgr;l ml(-1) h(-1) in the laurocapram pretreatment group, 2.7 &mgr;l ml(-1) h(-1) in the iontophoresis group and 15.4 &mgr;l ml(-1) h(-1) in the combination group. There was no detectable damage observed by scanning electron microscopyto the stratum corneum after iontophoresis or laurocapram pretreatment. CONCLUSION: The combination of iontophoresis and laurocapram pretreatment appears to enhance transdermal delivery of diclofenac sodium gel wi thout significant skin damage.