Status and trend of cardiovascular disease burden in China from a global perspective / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemic trends and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in China from 1990 to 2019, based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, by comparing with the world, the USA, Japan and India. Methods Data were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) database, and the prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability adjusted life years (DALY) rate and main risk factors of CVD in China in 2019 were analyzed by gender and age. Age-standardized rates were used to compare the trends of CVD burden in the world and other four countries. Results In 2019, the number of CVD patients, incidences and deaths in China was 120.33 million, 12.34 million, and 4.58 million, respectively. The prevalence, morbidity, mortality and DALY rate increased from 4 235.43/100 000, 447.81/100 000, 204.75/100 000 and 5 091.03/100 000 in 1990 to 8 460.08/100 000, 867.65/100 000, 322.30/100 000, and 6 463.47/100 000 in 2019, respectively, all of which were increasing with age. The burden of CVD in males was higher than that in females. After eliminating the influence of population aging, the age-standardized mortality rate of CVD in China decreased from 381.21/100 000 in 1990 to 276.93/100 000 in 2019, and the age-standardized DALY rate decreased from 7 412.81/100 000 to 4 938.38/100 000. However, they were still slightly higher than those in the world and significantly higher than those in the USA and Japan. In addition, the leading four risk factors of CVD in China in 2019 were hypertension, dietary risks, air pollution and tobacco. A higher burden of CVD caused by all these factors in China were above the global average level. Conclusion Due to hypertension, dietary factors, air pollution, tobacco and other reasons, coupled with the rapid aging of the population, the burden of CVD in China is still very serious, and relevant departments need to pay more attention to it.

The concept of Socio-Demographic Index(SDI) and its application / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To introduce the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and explore its relationship with disease burden indicators. Methods Based on the data of GBD 2017, we describe the correlation between HALE, DALY rate, YLD rate, YLL rate and SDI from 1990 to 2017 in the global and other 7 countries to explore the practical application value of SDI. Results 1. With the increase of SDI, HALE increased significantly; YLL rate and DALY rate decreased significantly. 2. The trend of YLD rate in low-SDI countries was the same as that of YLL rate and DALY rate; in the high-SDI and middle-SDI countries with longer life spans, as SDI increased, YLD rate also increased. 3. Because the socio-demographic characteristics of different diseases (such as Cardiovascular diseases and Neoplasms) are quite different, we should specifically analyze their relationship with SDI. Conclusion SDI is a good indicator, which can be used as an important covariate to predict disease burden and health outcomes in various areas.

Group psychotherapy on anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with alcohol dependence / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of group psychotherapy on relieving anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with alcohol dependence.Methods:Totally 117 patients with alcohol dependence accompanied with anxiety and depression symptoms were selected from the Second People's Hospital of Puer City from 2014 January 1 to December 31.The anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).They were divided into drug combined group (intervention group,n =89) and single drug treatment group (control group,n =88).The two groups were administrated diazepam replacement therapy,and the intervention group combined group psychotherapy.Eight weeks later,treatment effect of the two groups were evaluated with the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI).Results:After intervention,the scores of SAS,SDS,BPRS,and CGI in intervention group decreased [(21.1 ±8.3) vs.(65.3± 10.2),(35.1 ±3.5) vs.(51.7 ±5.6),(4.3 ± 1) vs.(5.4 ±0.6),Ps ＜0.05].There was no significant difference in above scores between before and after treatment in the control group (Ps ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:The effect of group psychotherapy on the basis of medicine may be better than that of single drug therapy on relieving anxiety and depression in patients with alcohol dependence.

Difference of AMI and coronary artery lesion between Uygur nationality and Han nationality in Xinjiang Dushanzi / 重庆医学

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and coronary artery lesion fea-tures for Uygur nationality and Han nationality in Xinjiang Dushanzi area .Methods The AMI patients during hospitalization from January 2005 to January 2012 were divide into two groups ,Group A(Uygur nationality ,n=40) and Group B(Han nationality ,n=130) ,and compared the aspects of risk factors ,morbidity situation and electrocardiogram changes etc ,carried out the coronary an-glography and analyzed the coronary artery lesion features of patients in two groups .Results The two groups of patients are male-dominated ,the AMI incidence of Uygur patients was higher than Han nationality before 60 years old(P<0 .01);More morbidities of Uygur nationality were related with the alcohol drinking (32 .5% ) ,mood disorders (40 .0% ) ,diabetes (52 .5% ) and hyperlipi-demia(72 .5% )(P<0 .01) ,and mainly coronary artery lesions were three blood vessels (P< 0 .05) .The Han nationality patients with high blood pressure have more proportion (P<0 .05) ,mainly coronary artery lesions were single blood vessel (P<0 .05) .No significant differences were observed after comparing the location of infarction and related infarction blood vessels of patients in two groups .Conclusion The onset age of Uygur AMI patients in Xinjiang Dushanzi area is younger ,and the coronary artery disease is worse .It is necessary to improve the lifestyles and change unhealthy eating habits and to carry out the active intervention in early stage .

Imaging Diagnosis of Primary Bone Tumor and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Skull:An Analysis of 47 Cases / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the imaging features of primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of the skull,so that to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the disease.Methods 47cases with bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of the skull confirmed by pathology or typical imaging manifestations were retrospectively analysed.Results Of 47 cases,there were benign tumors in 22 cases,malignant tumors in 6 cases and tumor-like lesions in 19 cases.Benign tumors included osteoma of 11cases,epidermoid tumor and cyst of 4 cases,osteochondroma and neurofibromatosis of 2 cases respectively,carvernous angioma ,osteoid osteoma,and benign fibrohistiocytoma of 1case respectively.Malignant tumors included multiple myeloma and angiosarcoma of 2 cases respectively,Ewing’s tumor and osteosarcoma each and all in 1 case .Tumor-like lesions included fibrodysplasis of bone in 8 cases, Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis in 7 cases ,brown tumor and deformed osteitis each and all in 2 cases.Conclusion Primary bone tumor and tumor-like lesions of the skull are of a great variety,each one has its own imaging characteristics,the diagnosis of them should be combined with clinic and pathologic data.

CT Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of the Tumors of Germ Cell Origin in the Mediastinum:A Report of 32 cases / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To summarize CT features , benign and malignant differential main points of the tumors of germ cell origin in the mediastinum.Methods 32 cases with pathologically confirmed the tumors of germ cell origin in the mediastinum were retrospectively analysed.Results Of 32 cases,26 were benign tumors,including cyst mass in 10,solid mass in 9 and cyst-solid mass in 7.6 cases were malignant tumors, including seminoma in 1 ,endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumor in 1,embryo cell casinoma in 1 and malignant teratoma in 3 .Typical benign teratoid tumors appeared as water to soft tissue density masses,with defined margin,fat or calcification inside the tumors,around tissues were compresed by tumors,the malignant tumors appeared as lobular or irregular masses and around organ invaded.Conclusion CT is a reliable method for the diagnosis of the tumors of germ cell origin in the mediastinum accurately.Malignant tumors of germ cell origin in the mediastinum are difficult differentiation from other mediastinal malignant tumors.