Research progress of brain injuries in patients with small cell lung cancer caused by prophylactic cranial irradiation / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), as a pathological type with high malignancy, presents a high risk of early brain metastasis. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) can reduce the risk of brain metastasis in patients with SCLC, however, the incidence of brain structural and functional damage caused by PCI is high, and their clinical symptoms are not typical. The existing treatment methods can relieve some clinical symptoms, but can not effectively reverse the process of brain injury, which reduces the survival benefit of patients. In-depth understanding the mechanisms of PCI neurotoxicity and exploring effective strategies for ptevention and treatment are of great value in improving prognosis of SCLC.

MDT Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer Complicated with Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review / 中国肺癌杂志

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most malignant lung cancer with the highest mortality. At present, the first-line standard treatment is still based on Etoposide and Platinum chemotherapy. However, for SCLC that progresses after first-line therapy, the treatment options are still very limited. Since the molecular mechanism of first-line drug resistance of SCLC is still unclear, and the precision medicine strategy after first-line drug resistance is still in the pre-clinical stage. The proportion of secondary biopsy and genetic testing is very low after the progress of first-line treatment of SCLC. In this study, we report a case of a middle-aged woman who was first diagnosed with SCLC. Adenocarcinoma with sensitive gene mutations and repeated changes of small cell carcinoma were detected by multiple biopsies during the course of the disease, suggesting that the patient may be a special subtype of SCLC - mixed SCLC (M-SCLC). In this case, the patient has been treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy successively, and the survival time has reached 2 years and 8 months. Through the case report and literature review retrospectively, this study aimed to explore the part patients may start to present hybrid histopathologic types or tissue type change after treatment of SCLC. Biopsy pathologic histology and genetic testing is necessary after disease progression to look for potential therapeutic targets, so as to give precise treatment based on molecular markers detection results and provide the patient with the benefit of survival for as long as possible.
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Analysis of the corneal spherical aberration of age-related cataractous eyes / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the distribution of the spherical aberration in age-related cataractous eyes using the Pentacam HR.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed in Shanxi Eye Hospital from December 2014 to December 2015.The preoperative corneal spherical aberration of 1 319 eyes of 1 319 patients with age-related cataract over 40-years-old was analyzed.The mean average keratometry (Km value), and corneal posterior surface Km corneal astigmatism, posterior corneal astigmatism, and corneal thickness were measured with.Pentacam, and the Zernike coefficients of corneal spherical aberration were calculated.A correlation between spherical aberration and corneal parameters was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis.The proportion of eyes qualifying for spherically neutral or negatively aspheric intraocular lens targeted residual spherical aberration level was evaluated.This study protocol was approved by Ethics Committee of Shanxi Eye Hospital and complied with Declaration of Helsinki.Results:The average age of all patients was (68.00±11.12) years old with an average spherical aberration (0.34±0.17)μm.The spherical aberration was lower than 0 μm in 22 eyes (1.67%), 0~0.4 μm in 842 eyes (63.84%), and greater than 0.4 μm in 455 eyes (34.50%). There was a weak positive correlation between spherical aberration and age ( r=0.398, P<0.001). There were very weak correlations between spherical aberration and corneal Km, posterior corneal surface Km, corneal thickness ( r=0.129, P<0.001; r=0.240, P<0.001; r=-0.068, P<0.05). No significant correlations were found between spherical aberration and corneal astigmatism or posterior corneal astigmatism ( r=-0.025, P=0.365; r=-0.008, P=0.771). Seven hundred and ten eyes (53.83%) could be qualified for implantation of negatively or neutrally aspheric intraocular lens based on postoperative targets of (0.10±0.05)μm residual spherical aberration. Conclusions:Corneal spherical aberration in Chinese patients is greater than that in other populations (+ 0.27 μm) in literature and shows individual differences.The appropriate aspheric intraocular lens should be selected according to individual corneal spherical aberration before cataract operation.

Genetic variants of familial hematuria associated genes in three families with hematuria with probands initially diagnosed as IgA nephropathy / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To examine genetic variants of familial hematuria (FH) associated genes in 3 families with hematuria with probands initially diagnosed with IgA nephropathy (IgAN).@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data, laboratory tests and genetic test results of three children with hematuria and the probands in three families with hematuria. The families were ascertained at the Department of Pediatrics, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command from August 2014 to May 2018.@*Results@#The proband of Family One, an 8-year-old boy, manifested gross hematuria. His renal biopsy pathology revealed IgAN. His father also manifested hematuria. Genetic testing showed that the proband and his father carried a heterozygous variant of the CFHR5 gene,533A>G (Asn178Ser). The child of Family Two, a 4-year-old girl, manifested hematuria. Her father, the proband of the family, was 36 years old, and manifested hematuria, proteinuria, high-frequency sensorineural deafness and renal insufficiency. He was diagnosed as IgAN according to clinical manifestations, renal pathology and routine immunohistochemistry without renal biopsy electron microscopy, renal tissue type Ⅳ collagen α3, α4, α5 chains immunofluorescence and skin type Ⅳ collagen α5 chain immunofluorescence. Genetic testing showed that the girl carried a heterozygous variant of the COL4A5 gene,566G>T (Gly189Val), and her father carried the hemizygous variant. The child of Family Three, a 7-year-old girl, manifested hematuria and proteinuria. Her mother, the proband of the family, was 34 years old, and manifested hematuria and proteinuria as well. The proband was diagnosed as IgAN by the same method used for Family Two. The girl′s grandfather died of uremia at the age of 44. Genetic testing showed that the girl and her mother carried a heterozygous variant 539G>A (Gly180Glu)in COL4A5 gene.@*Conclusions@#The variant of the CFHR5 gene identified in Family One is of uncertain signifance, and the two variants of the COL4A5 gene identified in Families Two and Three are pathogenic. The probands of Families Two and Three are diagnosed as Alport syndrome. The study suggests that clinicians should examine genetic variants of FH associated genes in families with hematuria when the probands were diagnosed as IgAN by their clinical manifestations, renal pathology and routine immunohistochemistry.

Effectiveness of the "Internet Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" among MSM in Guangzhou / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effectiveness of the "Internet Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" among men who have sex with men in Guangzhou.@*Methods@#Data through case-reporting and follow-up programs on MSM HIV/AIDS in Guangzhou was collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, which including those from the referral and follow-up treatment compliance programs in 2008-2014 (pre-treatment) and 2017-2018 (post-treatment). According to the types of care services, three groups were set as: with "Internet Plus" service, with 'HIV counseling/testing service’ or with 'routine medical service’. General Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to analyze the follow up situation of HIV/AIDS cases, annually. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the proportions of treatment referral, within the 30 days of diagnosis.@*Results@#Before the implementation of immediate treatment after HIV diagnosis, 90.6% (707/780) of the HIV/AIDS cases received the first follow up program including the CD4+ T cells counts (CD4) test service within 90 days of diagnosis, in the "Internet Plus-based HIV/AIDS care service" group presented 1.19 times (95%CI: 1.14-1.25) of the routine medical service group. The implementation of immediate treatment after HIV diagnosis, compared with the routine medical service group, the "Internet Plus" service group presented 1.71 times (95%CI: 1.03- 2.83) more treatment referrals within the 30 days of diagnosis, when the first testing CD4 was ≤200 cells/μl. Compared with the routine medical service group, the HIV counseling and testing service group showed 1.37 times (95%CI: 1.20-1.56) more of the treatment referrals within the 30 days of HIV diagnosis, after the first testing CD4 counts as >200 cells/μl.@*Conclusion@#Standardized care and follow-up service should be promoted as soon as the referral and treatment programs were set after the diagnosis was made, under the "Internet Plus-based AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Service System" for the MSM population, in Guangzhou.

A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Lobaplatin and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusion / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of Lobaplatin and Cisplatin in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion.@*METHODS@#The databases of Medline (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Wanfang, CNKI and VIP were retrieved so as to search the studies about the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) that compared the Lobaplatin and Cisplatin for malignant pleural effusion. The main outcome indicators include objective response rate, complete response, partial response, nephrotoxicity, chest pain, gastrointestinal reaction, myelosuppression, fever response and hepatotoxicity. Relative risk was used as the effect size, which was expressed as 95% confidence interval. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 statistical software.@*RESULTS@#A total of 12 RCTs and 720 MPE patients were included. The results showed that the ORR (RR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.15-1.40, P<0.001), CR (RR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.09-1.78, P=0.007), PR (RR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.02-1.42, P=0.026) in LBP thoracic perfusion chemotherapy were significantly higher than those in DDP thoracic perfusion chemotherapy. The incidence of nephrotoxicity (RR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.13-0.71, P=0.005) and gastrointestinal reactions (RR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.31-0.62, P<0.001) in the LBP group were significantly lower than those in DDP group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with DDP pleural perfusion chemotherapy, the ORR, CR and PR of LBP pleural perfusion chemotherapy for MPE are significantly better than DDP, and its nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal reactions are remarkably lower than DDP.

Papillorenal syndrome and the PAX2 gene / 国际儿科学杂志

Papillorenal syndrome,also known as renal coloboma syndrome,is an autosomal donunant inherited condition typically featured by congenital aplasia of kidneys and eyes,most of which occur in childhood.Studies have revealed that a mutation in PAX2 gene is the critical etiology of Papillorenal Syndrome.The PAX2 gene is located at chromosome 10q23-24,encoding PAX2 protein isoform c,which belongs to the transcription factors family paired box family that regulate downstream gene expression and play an important role in development of organs such as the kidney and the eye.Mutations in PAX2 result in structural and functional abnormality of PAX2 protein isoform c,which leads to the dysplasia of the related organs.More than 80 mutations in the PAX2 gene have been currently reported,causing various clinical phenotypes.The mutational analysis of the PAX2 gene would be of help to direct the diagnosis,monitoring and treatment of papillorenal syndrome.This review summarizes the research progress of papillorenal syndrome and mutations in the PAX2 gene.

Primary experimental results of methylseleninic acid on the proliferation inhibition and apoptotic induction in human high-metastatic large cell lung cancer cell line L9981 / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It has been proved that selenium has remarkable effects in the prevention of cancer and proliferation inhibition for breast cancer and prostate cancer. Up to now, little is known, however, if methylseleninic acid (MSA) has the anticancer effect on lung cancer or not. The objective of this study is to detect the effect of MSA on proliferation inhibition and apoptotic induction for human high-metastatic large cell lung cancer cell line L9981, and to explore the molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The changes of proliferation, clone formation, apoptotic level and cell cycles were detected in L9981 by trypan blue staining, clone formation suppression test, and flow cytometry before and after treating with different concentration of MSA. The expression level of proliferative-related and apoptotic-related genes was also determined in L9981 by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1)The proliferation ability of L9981 was remarkably inhibited at the concentration of 0.5μmol/L of MSA (P < 0.05), and the cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase after treating with the same concentration. (2)Apoptosis of L9981 was remarkably induced by MSA at the concentration of 2.5μmol/L (P < 0.05). (3)The clone formation ability of L9981 was significantly suppressed by MSA at the concentration of 5.0μmol/L (P < 0.05). (4)The expression levels of P53, P21, Fas, FasL and Bax were remarkably up-regulated after treatment with MSA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>(1)MSA can significantly suppress the proliferation and clone formation ability of human high-metastatic large cell lung cancer cell line L9981, and also induce apoptosis of L9981. (2)The anticancer effects of MSA might be related to regulate the expression of cell cycle-related genes and apoptotic-related genes in the human high-metastatic large cell lung cancer line L9981.</p>

Evaluation of the life quality in the elderly after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation / 中华老年医学杂志

0 05). However, the scores at all the 4 time points of 1 week, 1 month, 3 month and 6 month follow up after surgery, were higher than the scores before surgery( P