Effect of Mankuining Decoction on Expression of Inflammatory Factors and Intestinal Flora in Mice with Ulcerative Colitis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect and the possible mechanism of Mankuining decoction on dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）-induced ulcerative colitis （UC） in mice. MethodA total of 90 male SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly classified into normal group， model group， mesalazine group （0.266 g·kg-1）， and high-， and medium-， low-dose （20， 10， 5 g·kg-1） Mankuining decoction groups， with 15 rats in each group. Mice， except the normal group， drank 3% DSS solution for 7 days to induce UC， and administration （ig） started on the day of modeling. The model group and the normal group were given equivalent amount of 0.9% normal saline once a day for 7 days. The general conditions of mice were recorded every day and the disease activity index （DAI） was calculated. On the 8th day， mice were killed by cervical dislocation. All the colons and feces were collected. The length of colon was recorded， and the histopathological changes of colon were observed based on hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The content of inflammatory factors in colon was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the changes of intestinal flora in mouse feces were determined based on 16SrRNA sequencing. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group had severe colon damage， reduction in colon length （P<0.01）， increase in DAI （P<0.01）， decrease in interleukin-10 （IL-10） and transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） in colon（P<0.01）， rise of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-17α （IL-17α）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in colon （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decrease in abundance and diversity of intestinal flora. Compared with the model group， mesalazine and high-， medium-， low-dose Mankuining decoction alleviated the colon injury， recovered the length of colon （P<0.01）， decreased DAI （P<0.01）， increased IL-10 and TGF-β1 in colon （P<0.01）， and decreased IL-1β， IL-6， IL-17α， and TNF-α in colon （P<0.01）. Moreover， they raised the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora compared with the model group， as manifested by the increase in the abundance of Firmicutes， Akkermansia， Dubosiella， and Blautia and the decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes， Muribaculaceae， Clostridia_UCG-014， and Alistipes. ConclusionMankuining decoction has definite effect in treating UC mice， and the effect is positively correlated with the concentration. In addition， different concentration has different influence on the structure of flora. The mechanism is the likelihood that it alleviates the disorder of intestinal flora to restore intestinal immune balance and further promote the recovery of colonic mucosa.

Sophoridine inhibits NF-kappaB signaling pathway activation in kidney tissue of endotoxemia mice / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effects of sophoridine on NF-kappaB signaling pathway in kidney tissue of endotoxemia mice and the mechanism involved. BALB/c mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caudal vein injection, then sophoridine was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Totally 50 mice were divided into 5 groups: control group, LPS model group, sophoridine treatment 12 mg x kg(-1) group, 6 mg x kg(-1) group and 3 mg x kg(-1) group. All animals were sacrificed at 6 hours after treatment. Kidney and blood samples were harvested. IKKbeta mRNA and TNF-alpha mRNA expression of renal tissue was measured by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and phosphorylation IKKbeta protein (pIKKbeta) was detected by immunohistochemistry. NF-kappaB P65 protein expression and distribution of renal tissue were observed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence laser confocal microscopy. Serum TNF-alpha level was detected by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that the sophoridine significantly reduced the expression of IKKbeta mRNA and pIKKbeta protein, and inhibited the expression of NF-kappaB P65 protein and decreased the entry nuclear rate of NF-kappaB P65 in the renal tissue of endotoxemia mice. Thereby the renal TNF-alpha mRNA expression and serum TNF-alpha level were significantly reduced. These results suggest that sophoridine could inhibit inflammatory reaction induced by LPS through inhibiting activation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway.

Effect of maternal isolation stress on epilepsy susceptibility in young rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of maternal isolation stress on the epilepsy susceptibility in young rats and the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty Sprague-Dawley young rats were randomly divided into a normal control and two maternal isolation groups that were subjected to maternal isolation for 15 min or 3 hrs daily on postnatal days 2-17. On postnatal day 18, an amygdala kindling test was performed to induce seizures. The expression of GABA(A) receptor α₁ in the hippocampus was determined by immunohistochemisty.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The weights were reduced, the threshold of amygdala kindling and the stimulation number for full kindling decreased significantly, and seizures were more severe in the maternal isolation 3 hrs group compared with the normal control group. The expression of GABA(A) receptor alpha(1) in the hippocampus CA1 area in the maternal isolation 3 hrs group decreased significantly compared with that in the normal groups. There were no significant differences in the aspects above mentioned between the maternal isolation 15 min and normal control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The stress of early daily maternal isolation for 3 hrs may affect adversely brain development and increase epilepsy susceptibility in young rats. The decreased expression of GABA(A) receptor α₁ in the hippocampus may contribute to the potential mechanism.</p>

Etiology,Clinical and Electroencephalogram Characteristics and Prognosis of Infantile Spasms with Focal Seizures / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the characteristics of etiology,clinical,electroencephalogram(EEG) and prognosis of infantile spasms(IS) with focal seizures(FS).Methods The significance of age onset,seizure patterns and atteration,etiology,video-EEG(VEEG) and evolution of FS correlating to epileptic spasms(ES),which occurred in 12 cases with IS by means of clinical observation,cranial CT or MRI,VEEG monitory and follow up were investigated.Twelve cases were divided into group A,B,C according to the stages of FS occurring prece-ding,coinciding and following ES.Results Ten cases with IS were identified from focal cortical dysplasia,tuberous scleroses complex,temporal lobe cyst or scleroses and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and others.Clinical manifestation presented FS at certain times during the course of the disease,and other characteristics of frequent attacks,asymmetric spasms or tonic spasms,some atypical seizures in the eyes and the head,motionless staring and focal motor seizures and other.The correlation of ES to FS occurred during one ictal episode as follows:FS→ES(6 cases),ES→FS→ES(1 case),ES→FS(3 cases).FS appeared more frequently,atypical,predominantly involving ocular,facial,oral movement or generalized convulsion,migrating or alternating seizures,associated with epileptic discharges of posterior parietal-occipital and parietal-temporal-occipital origins in group A and early period of group B;whereas in the late period of group B and group C,FS occurred less frequently and more stable,presenting complex partial seizures or secondarily generalized seizures originated mainly from frontal and surrounding areas in the lateralized or bilateral hemispheres.Regarding the natural evolution and development of IS,2 cases with early FS developed into IS;6 cases with IS evolved into Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or symtomatic generalized epilepsy,4 cases got into FS,1 case maintained in a peculiarly epileptic state with FS as well as ES until the operation at 4.5 years old,and the other case was not identified clearly.Conclusions IS coincided with FS is a special kind of aged-related FS associated with secondarily generalized seizures and epileptic encephalopathy.The multiple etiology,seizure patterns,ictal-interictal EEG,clinical evolution and prognosis of the disorder,indicate a complicated interaction of the immature cortico-subcortical abnormalities in the critical developmental period and thereafter,can be identified as a peculiar form of clinical epileptic syndrome.

The Value of Reading Report in Training of Medical Students' Integrated Faculties / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the value of reading report in upbringing the integrated faculties of medical students.Methods:To give the training of reading report to the Seven-year and the five-year program medical students in their last year.Results:Such a training stirred the students' learning interests,improved their abilities in independent study,promoted their ability in collecting and dealing with information and widened their knowledge.Medical students grasped of the essential methods in writing reading report,which settled the groundwork for research abilities in the future.Conclusions:Reading report writing is instrumental in de- veloping students' integrated faculties and worthy advocating in medical teaching.

Etiological diagnostic and prognostic values in infantile with spasms by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the diagnostic and prognostic values by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and computed tomography(CT) for investigation of infantile spasms(IS).Methods Fourty-two patients with IS were retrospectively reviewed by CT scan and MRI T1W,T2W and inversion recovery (IR) and MRA techniques.Results Fourteen cases were found abnormal in CT,including encephalatrophy,hemorrhage,gross malformation and lesions with underlying calcification;MRI studies of 24/28 cases showed that MRI was the most appropriate imaging technique in diagnosis of the underlying substrate of patients with IS and other epilepsies,particularly in periventricular leuko malacia(PL),delayedmyelination(DM),hypxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE),kernicterus,tuberous sclerosis(TS),hippocampal sclerosis(HS),brainstematrophy,heterotopia,corpus callosum and vascular malformation,et al.MRI was also valuable for determining the prognoses of IS,but it should be combined with the clinical symptom and ages. Conclusions MRI and CT are highly important for the investigation and treatment of patients with IS; MRI is much more sensitive to exploration of neuropathology of infatile spasms,such as PL,DM,HIE,kernicteus,HS,heterotopias and focally cortical dysplasia.