A Case of Localized Amyloid Light-Chain Amyloidosis in the Small Intestine

Amyloidosis is characterized by the abnormal deposition of extracellular amyloid fibrils. Cases involving amyloid light-chain amyloidosis in the small intestine have been reported infrequently in Korea. Here, we report a case of localized light chain protein amyloidosis in the small intestine. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, push enteroscopy, and capsule endoscopy revealed submucosal tumor-like lesions, multiple shallow ulcers, and several erosions in the distal duodenum and jejunum. An endoscopic biopsy established the diagnosis of amyloidosis. In through an immunohistochemical analysis, the presence of lambda light chain protein was detected. The patient had no evidence of an underlying clonal plasma cell disorder or additional organ involvement. Therefore, we concluded that the patient had localized amyloidosis of the small intestine.

Does Metformin Affect The Incidence of Colonic Polyps and Adenomas in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from colonic adenomas. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a higher risk of CRC and metformin decreases CRC risk. However, it is not certain if metformin affects the development of colorectal polyps and adenomas. This study aimed to elucidate if metforminaffects the incidence of colonic polyps and adenomas in patients with type 2 DM. METHODS: Of 12,186 patients with type 2 DM, 3,775 underwent colonoscopy between May 2001 and March 2013. This study enrolled 3,105 of these patients, and divided them in two groups: 912 patients with metformin use and 2,193 patients without metformin use. Patient clinical characteristics, polyp and adenoma detection rate in the two groups were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The Colorectal polyp detection rate was lower in the metformin group than in the non-meformin group (39.4% vs. 62.4%, P<0.01). Colorectal adenoma detection rate was significantly lower in the metformin group than in the non-metformin group (15.2% vs. 20.5%, P<0.01). Fewer advanced adenomas were detected in the metformin group than in the non-metformin group (12.2% vs. 22%, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis identified age, sex, Body mass index and metformin use as factors associated with polyp incidence, whereas only metforminwas independently associated with decreased adenoma incidence (Odd ratio=0.738, 95% CI=0.554-0.983, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 DM, metformin reduced the incidence of adenomas that may transform into CRC. Therefore, metformin may be useful for the prevention of CRC in patients with type 2 DM.

A Case of Adenocarcinoma Presenting a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule that Grows Slowly Over 10 Years / 결핵및호흡기질환

It is difficult to distinguish a lung cancer from a pulmonary tuberculoma or other benign nodule. It is even more difficult to identify the type of lesion if the mass shows no change in size or demonstrates slow growth. Only a pathological confirmation can possibly reveal the nature of the lesion. A 61-year-old-woman was referred for a solitary pulmonary nodule. The nodule showed no change in size for the first two years and continued to grow slowly. Pathological and immunological analyses were conducted for confirmation of the nodule. The nodule was identified as a well-differentiated primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. An LULobectomy was performed, and the post surgical stage of the nodule was IIIA (T2N2M0). Even though there are few risk factors, there is still the possibility of a malignancy in cases of non-growing or slow growing solitary pulmonary nodules. Therefore, pathological confirmation is encouraged to obtain a firm diagnosis.

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / 감염과화학요법

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In patients with AIDS, MAC infection more frequently presents as disseminated form rather than localized infection. Disseminated MAC infection is associated with a high mortality rate in patient with AIDS. We report a case of disseminated MAC infection in an AIDS patient involving bone marrow, mediastinal lymph node and lung.

Characteristics of Infective Endocarditis in 4 University Hospitals where Staphylococcus aureus is the Most Common Causative Organism / 감염과화학요법

BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether Staphylococcus aureus is actually the leading cause of infective endocarditis in Korea, investigation on updated clinical pictures, treatments, and prognosis was performed. This study also aims to describe differences in clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty five patients who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis, using modified Duke criteria, at 4 Soon Chun Hyang University Hospitals (located in Seoul, Bucheon, Cheonan, and Gumi) from January of 2000 to June of 2007 were enrolled. Patients were separated into two groups; those on hemodialysis and those who were not on hemodialysis (control group). Medical records and laboratory results of each patient were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The positive rate of blood culture was 72.7%. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 38.2% of the patients, making it the most common causative organism of infective endocarditis. It was also the most common organism in both hemodialysis group and non-hemodialysis group. Six patients (10.9%) died while admitted to the hospital and the in-hospital death rate for hemodialysis group was significantly higher. CONCLUSION: In most parts of the world, S. aureus is increasingly becoming the principal causative organism of infective endocarditis. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows S. aureus to be the most common causative organism of infective endocarditis in Korea, and that Korea is not except from this global epidemiology.

Four Cases of Dengue Fever-Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Domestic Literature Review / 감염과화학요법

Dengue virus infection is an emerging imported disease in Korea. A total of 4 cases of dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever diagnosed at Soonchunhyang University Hospital in Bucheon between January 2001 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, relevant domestic literatures from Korean bibliographic databases, which matched 'dengue fever', 'dengue hemorrhagic fever' or 'dengue shock syndrome' as key words, have been reviewed. Ten articles (13 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. All the patients except for one, who was infected in Africa, were infected in Asian countries: Philippines (4), Indonesia (3), India (2), Cambodia (2), Sri Lanka (1), Thailand (1), Bangladesh (1), Myanmar (1), and Malaysia (1). Clinical manifestations after returning from abroad were as follows: fever (100%), chills (82%), headache (65%), myalgia (53%), nausea (41%), neutropenia (82%), thrombocytopenia (82%), and elevation of AST (82%) and ALT (53%). Most of the patients improved with conservative care except for one who died of dengue shock syndrome.

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / 감염과화학요법

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In patients with AIDS, MAC infection more frequently presents as disseminated form rather than localized infection. Disseminated MAC infection is associated with a high mortality rate in patient with AIDS. We report a case of disseminated MAC infection in an AIDS patient involving bone marrow, mediastinal lymph node and lung.

Characteristics of Infective Endocarditis in 4 University Hospitals where Staphylococcus aureus is the Most Common Causative Organism / 감염과화학요법

BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether Staphylococcus aureus is actually the leading cause of infective endocarditis in Korea, investigation on updated clinical pictures, treatments, and prognosis was performed. This study also aims to describe differences in clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty five patients who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis, using modified Duke criteria, at 4 Soon Chun Hyang University Hospitals (located in Seoul, Bucheon, Cheonan, and Gumi) from January of 2000 to June of 2007 were enrolled. Patients were separated into two groups; those on hemodialysis and those who were not on hemodialysis (control group). Medical records and laboratory results of each patient were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The positive rate of blood culture was 72.7%. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 38.2% of the patients, making it the most common causative organism of infective endocarditis. It was also the most common organism in both hemodialysis group and non-hemodialysis group. Six patients (10.9%) died while admitted to the hospital and the in-hospital death rate for hemodialysis group was significantly higher. CONCLUSION: In most parts of the world, S. aureus is increasingly becoming the principal causative organism of infective endocarditis. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows S. aureus to be the most common causative organism of infective endocarditis in Korea, and that Korea is not except from this global epidemiology.

Four Cases of Dengue Fever-Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Domestic Literature Review / 감염과화학요법

Dengue virus infection is an emerging imported disease in Korea. A total of 4 cases of dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever diagnosed at Soonchunhyang University Hospital in Bucheon between January 2001 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, relevant domestic literatures from Korean bibliographic databases, which matched 'dengue fever', 'dengue hemorrhagic fever' or 'dengue shock syndrome' as key words, have been reviewed. Ten articles (13 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. All the patients except for one, who was infected in Africa, were infected in Asian countries: Philippines (4), Indonesia (3), India (2), Cambodia (2), Sri Lanka (1), Thailand (1), Bangladesh (1), Myanmar (1), and Malaysia (1). Clinical manifestations after returning from abroad were as follows: fever (100%), chills (82%), headache (65%), myalgia (53%), nausea (41%), neutropenia (82%), thrombocytopenia (82%), and elevation of AST (82%) and ALT (53%). Most of the patients improved with conservative care except for one who died of dengue shock syndrome.

Evaluation of Serum Cystatin C Concentration as a Marker of Renal Function in Liver Cirrhosis Patients / 대한신장학회지

PURPOSE: Cystatin C is known to predict the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) more precisely in patients with substantial muscle atrophy, such as liver cirrhosis, compared to creatinine. We evaluated the usefulness of cystatin C for prediction of renal function in liver cirrhosis patients. METHODS: From February 2007 to September 2007, we evaluated the renal function in patients with liver cirrhosis who were admitted to Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital. We compared renal function with GFR as estimated by creatinine (Modification of diet in renal diseases; MDRD, the Cockroft&Gault equation; C&G, Creatinine clearance; CCr) and cystatin C (the Hoek and Larsson equations) with that of the GFR as calculated by Cr-EDTA. RESULTS: A total of 46 patients were enrolled. The mean GFR was 67.8+/-29.4, 81.6+/-29.6, 79.9+/-29.3, 62.7+/-29.8, 77.0+/-28.6, 81.0+/-35.2 mL/min/1.73m2 according to Cr-EDTA, MDRD, C&G, CCr, Hoek and Larsson equations, respectively. Cystatin C showed a correlation to MDRD (r=-0.715), C&G (r=-0.659), CCr (r=-0.536) and Cr-EDTA GFR (r=-0.617). GFR by the Hoek (r=0.657) and the Larsson (r=0.647) equation using cystatin C showed a higher correlation with Cr-EDTA GFR than GFR by MDRD (r=0.550) and C&G equation (r=0.458). CONCLUSION: Cystatin C is a more accurate predictor of renal function than creatinine in patients with liver cirrhosis.