Diagnostic efficiency and incremental value of myocardial blood flow quantification by CZT SPECT for patients with coronary artery disease / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic efficiency and incremental value of quantitative myocardial blood flow measurements by Cadmium-Zine-Telluride (CZT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) dynamic myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with traditional semi-quantitative measurements by MPI. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of patients with suspected or known CAD, who underwent the dynamic MPI quantitative blood flow measurement of CZT SPECT in TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital from October 2018 to December 2020. Clinical data, semi-quantitative parameters (stress score (SS), rest score (RS) and different score (DS)) and myocardial quantitative blood flow parameters (rest myocardial blood flow (rMBF), stress myocardial blood flow (sMBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR)) were analyzed. According to the results of coronary angiography, patients were divided into the stenosis group and the control group with coronary artery stenosis ≥50% or ≥75% as the diagnosis criteria. The differences of quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters between the two groups were compared, and the diagnostic efficacy was compared by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results: A total of 98 patients with a mean age of (62.1±8.7) years were included in the study, including 66 males (67%). At the patient level, with the positive standard of coronary artery stenosis≥50%, the left ventricle (LV) stress MBF (LV-sMBF) ((1.36±0.45) ml·min-1·g-1) and LV-MFR (1.45±0.43) of the stenosis group were lower than the LV-sMBF ((2.09±0.64) ml·min-1·g-1) and LV-MFR (2.17±0.54) of control group; summed SS and summed DS were higher than control group (all P<0.05). With the positive standard of coronary artery stenosis ≥75%, the LV-sMBF ((1.19±0.34) ml·min-1·g-1) and LV-MFR (1.34±0.35) of stenosis group were lower than the LV-sMBF ((1.94±0.63) ml·min-1·g-1) and MFR (2.00±0.58) of control group; all semi-quantitative parameters were higher than control group (all P<0.05). At the vascular level, with coronary artery stenosis ≥50% as the diagnosis criteria, the sMBF ((1.26±0.49) ml·min-1·g-1) and MFR (1.35±0.46) of stenosis group were lower than the sMBF ((1.95±0.70) ml·min-1·g-1) and MFR (2.05±0.65) of control group; SS and DS were higher than control group (all P<0.05). With coronary artery stenosis≥75% as the diagnosis criteria, the sMBF ((1.12±0.41) ml·min-1·g-1) and MFR (1.25±0.38) of stenosis group were lower than the sMBF ((1.84±0.70) ml·min-1·g-1) and MFR (1.93±0.66) of control group; all semi-quantitative parameters were higher than control group (all P<0.05). With coronary artery stenosis≥50% as the diagnosis criteria and CAG as the reference standard, the AUC and 95%CI of myocardial quantitative blood flow parameters indicated by ROC curve for diagnosis of CAD were 0.830 (0.783-0.877). The sensitivity (86.1% vs. 61.5%), specificity (82.6% vs. 73.8%), positive predictive value (77.8% vs. 62.5%), negative predictive value (89.3% vs. 73.0%) and accuracy (84.0% vs. 68.7%) were all higher than the semi-quantitative parameters (all P<0.05). With coronary artery stenosis≥75% as the diagnosis criteria, the AUC and 95%CI of myocardial quantitative blood flow parameters indicated by ROC curve for diagnosis of CAD were 0.832(0.785-0.879). The sensitivity (89.2% vs. 67.6%), negative predictive value (95.5% vs. 86.2%) and accuracy (80.6% vs. 68.0%) were all higher than semi-quantitative parameters (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with traditional SPECT MPI derived semi-quantitative parameters, diagnostic efficacy for CAD is higher using CZT SPECT quantitative myocardial blood flow parameters, this strategy thus has additional diagnostic benefits and incremental value on the diagnosis of CAD.

Experimental study of the effect of 125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA oncolytic adenovirus on targeted therapy of prostate cancer and its effect on tumor microenvironment / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of 125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA oncolytic adenovirus on targeted therapy of prostate cancer and its effect on tumor microenvironment. Methods:125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA ( 125I-virus complex) oncolytic adenovirus was constructed by PCR amplification and double restriction enzyme ligation. TUNEL staining, flow cytometry and Caspase-3 immunoblotting assay were used to detect the killing effect of 125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA oncolytic adenovirus on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, respectively. To explore the effect of 125I-virus complex on tumor tissue cytokine secretion levels, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the culture supernatant of human prostate cancer cell line PC3, mouse prostate adenocarcinoma cell line RM-1, and mice serum were detected by ELISA. We explored the regulation of 125I-virus complex on the expression of CD24, CD44 and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) in prostate tumor tissues and tumor cells through immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the expression levels of CD32 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as CD4+ , CD8+ and macrophage infiltration in tumor tissue were detected through immunofluorescence experiments. Results:125I-virus complex oncolytic adenovirus significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo that was significantly higher than that of 125I group and virus complex group. Meanwhile, IL-2 ( t=-183.30, -38.20, P<0.05), IL-10 ( t=113.80, 92.71, P<0.05), TNF-α ( t=-73.20, -73.91, P<0.05), IFN-γ ( t=-65.37, -139.70, P<0.05) increased in vitro and in vivo. 125I-virus complex reduced the expression of CD24, CD44 and PSCA in tumor cells and tumor tissue, reduced the weight of tumor tissue, inhibited angiogenesis of tumor tissue ( t=8.55, P<0.05), and regulated the immune response in tumor tissue. Conclusions:125I-virus complex targeting prostate cancer can significantly kill cancer cells, reduce the weight and angiogenesis of tumor, and improve tumor microenvironment.

Effects and mechanism of Momordica charantia MAP30 on migration of bladder cancer / 中国医师杂志

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of Momordica anti-HIV protein of 30 ku (MAP30) on the migration of bladder cancer.Methods The IC50 of human bladder cancer 5637 and T24 cells was calculated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method.The migration ability of these two cells was evaluated by scratch migration test and Transwell cell migration test.The expression of migrating proteins such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and adhesion molecule N-cadherin were compared by Western blot.Results Scratch migration test:there were significant differences in migration rates of 5637 cells at 8 h and 22 h (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in migration rates of T24 cells at 22 h (P ＜ 0.05),but no significant differences in migration rates at 8 h (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of Vimentin,Fibronectin,MMP-2,MMP-9 and N-Cadherin in 5637 cells and T24 cells of human bladder cancer decreased significantly after adding MAP30.The E-Cadherin expression in human bladder cancer 5637 cells were decreased,but no target band was detected in human bladder cancer T24 cells.Conclusions The ribosome-inactivating protein MAP30 can effectively inhibit the migration of human bladder cancer 5637 and T24 cells by inhibiting the EMT pathway and inhibiting the expression of MMPs.

Effect of ERH gene on migration and invasion of human bladder cancer cells T24 and 5637 / 中国医师杂志

Objective To study the effect of enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) gene on migration and invasion in human bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cells.Methods After knocking out the ERH gene of human bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cells,Wound healing assay,Transwell cell migration assay and Transwell cell invasion assay were used to verify the migration and invasion function.Cell migration related protein was detected by Western blot.Nude mouse tail vein transfer assay was used to study the metastasis ability of bladder cancer cells in vivo.Results (1) The Wound healing assay showed that there were significant differences in the migration cell counts of human bladder cancer 5637 and T24 (P ＜ 0.05).(2) There were significant differences in migration and invasion cell counts of Transwell assay (P ＜0.05).(3) Western blot showed that the expression of E-Cadherin in human bladder cancer 5637 cells and T24 cells was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05) after knocking out ERH gene,while the expression of Fibronectin,Twist,Vimentin and Snail2 protein were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).(4) Nude mouse tail vein transfer assay showed that lung metastases were significantly reduced in the ERH knockout group compared with the normal ERH group.Conclusions Both in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that ERH knockout affects the migration and invasion of human bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cells.

Risk factors for septicemia after cesarean section / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore the risk factors for septicemia after cesarean section,and provide reference for clinical prevention of postoperative septicemia.Methods Clinical data of patients who underwent cesarean section in a maternal and child health hospital between January 1,2013 and October 31,2016 were collected by retrospective survey method,risk factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model.Results A total of 4 604 cases of cesarean section were selected,32 cases of septicemia occurred,incidence was 0.70％.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there were seven independent risk factors for septicemia:gestational diabetes mellitus (OR =4.03),trying vaginal delivery(OR =15.86),No.of vaginal examination ≥3 times(OR =6.77),premature rupture of membrane≥12 hours(OR =3.47),intra-operative bleeding≥1 000 mL(OR =4.66),postoperative duration of indwelling urinary catheter≥24 hours(OR =2.83),and antimicrobial use within a week(OR =3.20).Four factors were protective factors:gestational weeks≥34 weeks(OR =0.20),hemoglobin≥100 g/L(OR =0.40),albumin≥35 g/L(OR-0.28),and amniotic fluid volume at a normal level(OR =0.22).Conclusion It is possible to prevent and control the occurrence of septicemia after cesarean section through strict management of independent risk factors and intervention in protective factors of pregnant women during peri-operative period.

Effect of ERH gene knockdown on the proliferation and apoptosis of T24 cells in human bladder cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the effect of ERH gene knockdown on the proliferation and apoptosis of human bladder cancer T24 cells. Methods T24 cells infected by lentivirus with interference on ERH gene sequence were cloned to establish stable T24 cells clone in ERH gene suppression. The expression of ERH mRNA gene in bladder cancer was detected by using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The effects of ERH knockout on the cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by using methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry. The effect of ERH knockout on the tumorigenic effect of T24 cells in vivo was verified by subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice. Results After lentiviral transfection, qPCR results showed that the knockdown effect of ERH mRNA in ERH normal group (untreated T24 cells) was better than that in ERH gene knockdown group, and the difference was statistically significant [(1.006±0.126) vs. (0.079±0.007); t=12.72, P=0.0002]. After knocking out ERH gene, MTT assay showed that the proliferation ability of T24 cells in ERH gene knockdown group was weakened compared with ERH normal group, and the difference was statistically significant [A490 value: (0.13±0.00) vs. (0.66±0.01);t=104.61, P<0.0001]. Colony formation assay indicated that the ability of clone in ERH normal group was weakened compared with ERH gene knockdown group [(10.5 ±1.2) vs. (196.4 ±4.0); t= 73.63, P< 0.0001]. Flow cytometry showed that the cell apoptosis rate in ERH gene knockdown group was higher than that in ERH normal group [(11.0 ±0.5) ％ vs. (4.2 ±0.5) ％; t= 16.06, P<0.0001]. Imaging results of subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice showed that the total fluorescence intensity of the tumor area in ERH gene knockdown group was (4.67 ±0.59) × 1010 μW/cm2, and the corresponding part in ERH normal group was (9.54±4.20) × 1010μW/cm2 (t=3.64, P=0.0051);tumor weight in ERH gene knockdown group was (0.80±0.62) g, and in ERH normal group was (1.79±0.71) g (t=3.33, P=0.0037). Conclusion ERH gene knockout can inhibit the proliferation of human bladder cancer T24 cells, and promote the cell apoptosis.

5 640 Cases of Outpatient Genital Tract Infection Caused by Mycoplasma and Analysis of Drug Resistance / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the rational use of antibiotics in outpatients who had genital tract Mycoplas-ma infections in Yulin area. METHODS:Using the integration culture plate,19 836 outpatient's specimens with suspected Myco-plasma infection from Yulin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital during 2012 to 2014 were tested,and then the results of drug susceptibility test were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS:In the total of 19 836 inspected specimens,5 640 cases were positive with the rate of 28.4%. The positive rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu),Mycoplasma hominis(Mh),mixed(Uu+ Mh)infection were 88.0%,3.8% and 8.2% respectively. The positive rate of male patient with Mycoplasma infection was lower than female pa-tient(P<0.05). Male and female patients with positive maximum age respectively at the age of 25 to 40 (81.3%) and 20 to 35 years old(78.6%). From 2012 to 2014,Mycoplasma showed different degree of drug resistance to 9 kinds of antibiotics. In gener-al,the resistance rate of Uu to lincocin was close to 100%,Mh to erythromycin,roxithromycin and azithromycin were higher than 70%,and those of Uu+Mh were lower than 10% only to josamcine,minocycline and doxycycline. CONCLUSIONS:During 2012 to 2014,the rate of genital tract Mycoplasma infection in male and female outpatients of Yulin region increased year by year,and the infection mainly caused by Uu with a serious drug resistance. We should also pay attentions to the increase of Mh infection and mixed infection. Josamycin,minocycline and doxcycline can be used as a drug choice for empiric preferred treatment,and other an-tibiotics should be used based on antibiotics susceptibility test results.

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α promotes the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>BACKGROWND: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-l α/CCL3) belongs to the C-C chemokine family (CCL3), which can be secreted by macrophages, other types of hematopoietic cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Higher levels of MIP-1α were found to be associated with several kinds of hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Moreover, MIP-1α has been reported to be an adverse prognostic factor for CLL. However, the impact of MIP-1α on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been poorly investigated.</p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of MIP-1α on proliferction of AML cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using MLL-AF9 induced AML mouse model, the expression of MIP-1α was measured by real time quantitative RT-PCR. AML cell proliferation was examined by cell counting and colony forming assay (CFC). The influence of blocking the MIP-1α action on the growth and pathogenic ability of AML cells was explored by using the small molecule antagonist for interfering interaction of MIP-1α with its receptor CCR1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MIP-1α could promote the proliferation and colony formation of AML cells, the blocking MIP-1a could inhibit the growth of AML cells and delay onset of AML.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The MIP-1a promotes the occurence and progression of AML, therefore blocking the MIP-1α signal pathway may be served as a strategy to inhibit the growth of AML cells, and MIP-1α can be a potential target for treatment of AML.</p>

Knockdown of Puma protects cord blood CD34(+) cells against γ- irradiation / 中国实验血液学杂志

Puma (P53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) is a BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only BCL-1 family member and a critical mediator of P53-dependent and -independent apoptosis. Puma plays an essential role in the apoptosis of hematopoietic stem cells exposed to irradiation without an increased risk of malignancies. This study was purposed to develop an effective lentiviral vector to target Puma in human hematopoietic cells and to investigate the effect of Puma gene knockdown on the biological function of human cord blood CD34(+) cells. SF-LV-shPuma-EGFP and control vectors were constructed, and packaged with the pSPAX2/pMD2.G packaging plasmids via 293T cells to produce pseudo-type lentiviruses. SF-LV-shPuma-EGFP or control lentiviruses were harvested within 72 hours after transfection and then were used to transduce human cord blood CD34(+) cells. GFP(+) transduced cells were sorted by flow cytometry (FCM) for subsequent studies. Semi-quantitative real time RT PCR, Western blot, FCM with Annexin V-PE/7-AAD double staining, Ki67 staining, colony forming cell assay (CFC), CCK-8 assay and BrdU incorporation were performed to determine the expression of Puma and its effect on the cord blood CD34(+) cells. The results showed that Puma was significantly knocked down in cord blood CD34(+) cells and the low expression of Puma conferred a radio-protective effect on the cord blood CD34(+) cells. This effect was achieved through reduced apoptosis and sustained quiescence after irradiation due to Puma knockdown. It is concluded that knockdown of puma gene in CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells of human cord blood possesses the radioprotective effect, maintains the cells in silence targeting Puma in human hematopoietic cells may have a similar effect with that on mouse hematopoietic cells as previously shown, and our lentiviral targeting system for Puma provides a valuable tool for future translational studies with human cells.

Expression of CD48 as a live marker to distinguish division of hematopoietic stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

Hematopoietic stem cells are capable of self-renewal or differentiation when they divide. Three types of cell divisions exist. A dividing stem cell may generate 2 new stem cells (symmetrical renewal division), or 2 differentiating cells (symmetrical differentiation division), or 1 cell of each type (asymmetrical division). This study was aimed to explore an efficient and stable method to distinguish the way of cell division in hematopoietic stem cells. Previous studies showed that the distribution of Numb in a cell could be used to distinguish the type of cell division in various kinds of cells. Therefore, the distribution of Numb protein was detected by immunofluorescence in mitotic CD48(-)CD150(+)LSK cells of mice exploring the relationship between Numb protein and centrosomes. Since CD48 positive marks the HSC that have lost the ability to reconstitute the blood system in mice, CD48 marker could be used to distinguish cell fate decision between self-renewal and differentiation as a living marker. In this study, the CD48(-)CD150(+)LSK cells were sorted from bone marrow cells of mice and the cells were directly labeled with Alexa Fluor (AF) 488-conjugated anti-CD48 antibody in living cultures. After 3 days, the percentage of AF488(+) cells was evaluated under microscope and by FACS. Then colony forming cell assay (CFC) was performed and the ability of cell proliferation were compared between AF488(+) and AF488(-) cells. The results showed that Numb could be used to distinguish different cell division types of hematopoietic stem cells, which was symmetrically or asymmetrically segregated in mitotic CD48(-)CD150(+)LSK cells. The self-labeled fluorochrome could be detected both by FACS as well as microscope. There were about 40% AF488(+) cells after 3 day-cultures in medium titrated with self-labeled AF 488-conjugated anti-CD48 antibody, and the results were consistent between confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. The colony forming ability of AF488(+) cells was significantly higher than that of AF488(-) cells (P < 0.05). The proliferation ability of AF488(-) cells was also significantly higher than AF488(+) cells (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the expression of CD48 can distinguish cell division of hematopoietic stem cells and can be used as a live marker for the loss of stemness. In comparison with the Numb protein staining, this method can be used in living cells, thus provides greater convenience for subsequent cell culture studies and cell transplantation experiments.

Knockdown of Larp4b in Lin(-) cells does not affect the colony forming ability of mouse hematopoietic cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

Larp4b is a member of the LARP family, which can interact with RNA and generally stimulate the translation of mRNA. Abnormal expression of Larp4b can be found in leukemia patients in our previous study. This study was purposed to detect the relative expression of Larp4b mRNA in different subpopulations of mouse hematopoietic cells, to construct lentivirus vector containing shLarp4b targeting mouse gene Larp4b and to explore its effects on mouse Lin(-) cells infected with shLarp4b by lentivirus. SF-LV-shLarP4b-EGFP and control vectors were constructed and two-plasmid lentivirus packing system was used to transfect 293T cells. After 48 h and 72 h, lentivirus SF-LV-shLarp4b-EGFP was harvested and was used to infect Lin(-) cells. After 48 h, EGFP(+) cells was sorted by flow cytometry (FCM). Meanwhile, semi-quantitative real time-PCR, AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD staining, PI staining and colony forming cell assay (CFC) were performed to determine the expression of Larp4b and its effect on the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The results showed that Larp4b was highly expressed in myeloid cells. SF-LV-shLarp4b-EGFP was successfully constructed according to the restriction endonuclease digestion assay. RT-PCR confirmed that Larp4b was efficiently knockdown in mouse Lin(-) cells. The low expression of Larp4b did not affect the colony forming number, the apoptosis and cell cycle of Lin(-) cells. It is concluded that knockdown of Larp4b in mouse Lin(-) cells do not contribute to the colony forming ability and the growth of Lin(-) cells in vitro. This useful knockdown system will be used to study in vivo Larp4b in future.

Differential expression of oxidative reductases in different subsets of mouse hematopoietic cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are the source of all blood cells, which can differentiate into various hematopoietic hierarchy cells. Physiological level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in regulating functions of HSC as excessive ROS is harmful to HSC. Oxidative reductases and antioxidants can eliminate cellular ROS to maintain ROS homeostasis and thus avoid excessive ROS-caused damages. There are several types of oxidative reductases in cells such as catalase, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txrnd1) and Nqo1 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1]. However, the functional roles of various oxidative reductases in regulating ROS level in hematopoietic cells remain unclear. This study was to investigate the expression patterns of these oxidative reductases in mouse hematopoietic cells that were sorted out via flow cytometry and to find out important oxidative reductases involving in HSC ROS regulation. The expression of various oxidative reductases was detected by semi-quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the expression level of catalase in T cell population was 0.14 times that in LT-HSC population (P < 0.05). The expression levels of MnSOD in CLP population and myeloid cells were 0.56 and 0.47 times that in LT-HSC population respectively (P < 0.05). The expression levels of GPX1 in ST-HSC, GMP, Myeloid cells, MEP, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were 1.79, 2.96, 2.07, 0.58, 0.10, 0.6 times that in LT-HSC population respectively (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Txrnd1 in ST-HSC, MPP, CMP, GMP, Myeloid cells, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were 3.36, 3.18, 4.19, 6.39, 4.27, 0.016, 0.56 time that in LT-HSC population, respectively (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Nqo1 in ST-HSC, MPP, CMP, GMP, CLP and B cell were 0.30, 0.17, 0.25, 0.10, 0.04, 0.01 times that in LT-HSC population, respectively (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the expression levels of oxidative reductases (catalase, MnSOD, GPX1, Txrnd1 and Nqo1) in hematopoietic hierarchy cells are cell-type specific. It suggests that reductases may play divergent roles in various hematopoietic cell populations. More importantly, the expression level of Nqo1 in LT-HSC population significantly increased as compared with other cell populations, thereby suggesting its unique regulatory role in HSC.

Investigation on an outbreak of measles caused by new virus (d11 genotype) imported from Myanmar / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the relevant factors on an measles outbreak caused by imported new virus (d11 genotype)from Myanmar and to develop effective strategies and measures.Methods On-site investigation on the outbreak was carried out. Results There were four townships (66%) in Menglian county reported 15 cases of measles, with 7 cases aged 6 months to 5 years old, 2 cases with the history of measles vaccination (MV). Another 8 cases were 21 to 49 year-olds but their histories on immunization were unclear. 14 of the measles cases with Myanmar citizenship came to China for treatment. They were aged 10 months to 13 years old, with only one case had ever received MV vaccination. For all the 29 cases, except for one case who did not adopt the sample case of Myanmar, the remaining 28 patients were positive for measles IgM antibodies. 6 cases of measles virus RNA were detected in the amplified sequence which showed genotype d11, and was considered Myanmar imported wild virus. 184 people received the MV inoculation, with a rate of 61.96% and the serum samples showed a measles IgG antibody positive rate of 87.50%. Manner MV emergency vaccination was carried out timely in that county so the measles outbreak was effectively controlled.Conclusion Imported measles cases from foreign countries might lead to epidemic, indicating the difficulty and challenge in the elimination of measles in our province. Emergent vaccination of MV could interrupt the transmission of the disease. Our experience showed that MV was effective in the prevention of d11 genotypes measles infection in the area.

Characteristics of 57 acute flaccid paralysis case with polio-virus isolated from stool specimens,in Yunnan province,from 2003 to 2007 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective Study on the epidemiological characteristiCS of poliomyelitis virus in Yunnan, from 2003 to 2007.Methods Surveillance data of acute flaccid paralysis(AFP) cases from year 2003 to 2007 was gathered.All the stool specimens were identified to contain polio virus.Results 1171 AFP cases were reported.Out of the total number of 1138 stool specimens from 2003 to 2007,57 cases showed polio virus(5.0%),159 showed NPEV(14.0%),922 cases showed virus negative.In those virus,polio type II took the lead(31.6%).57 AFP cases appeared in 37(28.7%) counties in Yunnan.Most of the cases were under 2 years of age.29 cases had taken more than 3 OFV (oral poliovaccine) dosages and 41 cases had fever before paralysis occurred.Most of the cases appeared paralysis on single lower limb,but 26 cases leaving deformity.Significant difference was found between the two groups:having received vaccination more than 3 OPV dosages or less than 3 dosages.Conclusion High quality AFP epidemiological and labomtory surveillance program,together with OPV routine and supplemental immunization strategy to cover the poorly immunized area/population appeared to be most effective.

The use of Meta-analysis in the evaluation on diagnostic tests / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce Meta-analysis in evaluating diagnostic tests.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Adjusted SROC method was used in assessing 7 diagnostic tests on fatty liver.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pooled sensitivity and specificity of type B ultrasonography were 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87-0.92] and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.96) respectively while the Q value was 0.90 by adjusted SROC method. The results indicated that the diagnostic value of type B ultrasonography were high, thus could be regarded as an effective method for fatty liver diagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Meta-analysis on evaluating diagnostic tests could be used to assess the diagnostic test to increase the power of conclusion, and to improves its reliability.</p>

Imaging diagnosis for fatty liver: a systematic review / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To systematically assess imaging diagnostic tests for fatty liver and provide a decision-making basis for clinical diagnosis and screening.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Electronic searches were conducted on the Chinese Biomedical Database, PubMed, and EMBASE, combining with manually searching of Chinese literature. All searches were completed until November 2002. All studies which evaluated imaging diagnostic test of human fatty liver were included. Data of diagnostic accuracy in the included studies were extracted, and methodological quality of the studies was assessed independently by two reviewers according to the established quality standard. Quantitative analysis or qualitative description were performed based on available data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 13 studies that met the eligibility criteria, 10 studies evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of B-mode ultrasound, 3 studies evaluated contrast-enhanced (helical) CT. To assess 7 diagnostic test studies for fatty liver that used liver biopsy as reference test: the pooled sensitivity of B-mode ultrasound was 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.87-0.92), specificity was 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.92-0.96) and the Q value was 0.90 by adjusted SROC method. To assess 2 diagnostic test studies for fatty liver that used CT as reference test: the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and Q value were 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.89-0.96), 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.84-0.92), and 0.90 respectively by adjusted SROC method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>B-mode ultrasound method can be regarded as an effective method for fatty liver diagnosis and screening. The methodologic quality of diagnostic test needs to be improved.</p>