Occult Blood in Children

No abstract available.

Bone Changes in Childhood Leukemia

No abstract available.

Two Cases of Teratoma on Sacrococcygeal Region in Newborn

Two cases of teratoma on sacrococcygeal region in newborn are reported with pathological findings, and a brief review of related literature is included in this report.

Developmental Changes of Membrane Proteins from Human Erythrocytes

To investigate the developmental changes of human erythrocytes, adult and fetal erythrocyte membranes prepared from adult and cord blood were analyzed in regard to their proteins, glycoproteins, enzyme activities and glucose transport systems. 1. Adult and fetal erythrocyte membranes appeared to have the same major proteins and gl-ycoproteins in the electrophoretic pattern. 2. ATPase activity in adult erythrocyte membranes was lower than that of fetal erythrocyte membranes, whereas adult cholinesterase was higher. No significant change was observed in the activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases during development. 3. Glucose uptake was higher in fetal erythrocytes than in adult erythrocytes, suggesting some loss of glucose carrier system during devlopment. The results suggest that the major structural proteins in human erythrocyte membrane relatively unchanged while some functional proteins such as membrane enzymes and carrier proteins in transport systems are markedly changed during development.

The Effects of Phenobarbital and Theophylline on the Phagocytic Function of Reticuloendothelial System of Rats

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of depressor and stimulator of central nervous system on the reticuloendothelial phagocytic function in vivo. The phagocytic activity was assessed by means of carbon clearance method after intra-muscular adimnistration of phenobarbital(1mg/0.2 ml of normal saline/100 gm of body weight) and intravenous administ-ration of theophylline(1 mg/0.2 ml of normal saline/100 gm of body weight) into rats. The obtained results were as follows; 1. In the groups administrered with phenobarbital, the alteration in the phagocytic activity wi-thin three hours after administration was decreased compared with the normal and control gro-up, but thereafter, it was increased progressively to the normal level by 12 hours after administr-ation. 2. In the groups administered with theophylline, the alteration in the phagocytic activity within one hour after adminstration was increased compared with normal and control group, but after that decreased gradually to the normal level by 12 hours after injection. 3. From these results, it is concluded that stimulation of central nervous system may increa-se the phagocytic activity and depression of central nervous system may decrease the phagocy-tic activity of reticuloendothelial system.

The effect of vincristine and adriamycin on the phagocytic function of reticuloendothelial system of rats

No abstract available.

Clinical Diagnostic Application of Serum Cholinesterase

Serum cholinesterase and other commonly employed function tests were determined in 12 patients with nephrotic syndrome, 17 patients with infectious hepatitis and 7 patients with acute glomerulonephritis who were available for se5rial studies the evaluation of which was helpful in diagnosis, management and prognosis of various disease. The results were as follows. 1) Serum cholinesterase activity in patients with nephrotic syndrome was much higher than normal. Thereafter the activity progressively turned into the normal. Value associated with improvement of the values of other function tests and clinical courses in case which responded positively to treatment. 2) In patients with infectious hepatitis serum cholinesterase was lower than the normal value but the steadily rose from low to normal value according to improvement of clinical courses. In two patients with postnecrotic cirrhosis and toxic hepatitis the activity was much lower than normal but other function tests showed normal range. 3) Serum cholinesterase in patients with glomerulonephritis showed atypical charges during clinical courses.

A Cases of Patent Urachus

No abstract available.

Effects of Arginine Vasopressin on Renal Function in the Rabbit

It has long been known that Vasopressin could increase the urinary sodium and chloride excretion. The exact mechanism and site of action, however, have not yet been explained. Experiments were performed whether the renal effects were the same in both cortical and juxtamedullary nephron in decorticated kiddney model. Heat-decortication was car ried out in the left kidney immersed in water kept at 52oC for 5 minutes. In 90% of cases, outer 2/3 of the cortex was necrotized as revealedd at the time of experiment on 8th day. The right kidney underwent the same procedure except that the temperature of water was kept at 39oC, and served as control. Urine flow and fractional excretion of urine were increased by the arginine vasopressin infusion in both kidney, but the diffferences were not significant. There were no signifficant changes in glomerular filtration rate and rrenal plasma flow in doses of 5 and 10 mu/kg/minute. Responsiveness of decorticated kidney was less than the control kidney. Increments of fractional excretion of potassium were not significantly different. From thhese results, it is suggested that the responsiveness of the cortical and juxtamedullarry nephron to the arginine vasopressin may not be the same. The mechanisms of the differences were discussed.

Effect of Aminoglycosides on Leukochemotaxis in Rats

In order to study the effects of aminoglycosides on leukochemotaxis in rats, the degree of leukocyte infiltration and differential leukocyte count were observed at the experimentally inflamed tissue by incision of the skin and the application of endotoxin subcutaneously after the administration of gentamicin and streptomycin respectively. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In the control group treated with physiological, saline, the infiltration of leukocytes was relatively scant in the first nne hour, conspicuously increased three hours later, and persisted for 24 hours. 2) In the gentamicin and streptomycin treated groups, infiltration of leukocytes was srnall in number in the first hour. There after it gradually increased over a period of time. However it was a little less in the gentamicin and streptomycin injected group compared with the control. 3)In the control group, about 90% of the infiltrated cells was neutrophils up to three hours. However 24 hours later, the neutrophils reached about 40%. On the other hand, monocytes and lymphocytes were 4% in the first hour, and after 24 hours the monocytes was 19 to 24% and lymphocytes were 31 to 36%. 4) In the gentamicin and streptomycin injected grougs, about 90% of the infiltrated cells was neutrophils for the first three hours. The numbers gradually decreased to 56-66% and 51~54% after 24 hours, respectively. The percentage of both monocytes and lymphocytes was 2~4% after ome hour, and increased to 15~29 and 17~29% after 24 houre, respectively.

Nursing Bottle Caries

Feeding habits and sugar contents contents affect dental health and ultimately the total health of young chidren. Nursing bottle caries, nursing botte syndreme, bottle-propping caries are synonymous term for a devastaing condition that may render young children dental cripples. Typically, the primary maxillary incisors are affected most severely and mandibular incisors are seldom involved. We report 4 cases of nursing bottle caries with a brief review of related literatures and references.

Hemagglutination and Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Children

A hemagglutination(HA)-typing system has been developed for the presumptive identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC) possessing the colonization factor antigens(CFA) Seventy-seven E. coli strains from pediatric patients with or without diarrhea were examined for the mannose-resistant(MR) HA or mannose-sensitive(MS) HA of human, bovine, chicken, and guinea pig erythrocytes and their antibiotic resestances. A significant proportion(68%) of the isolates exhibited the HA pattern of NNNN(experssed in the order human/bovin/chicken/guinea pig erythrocytes), and 10% of the isolates exhibited NNSS, known as the pattern about half of enteropathogenic E. coli serogroups produced. Sixty-nine strains(88%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics; 55(80%) were reristant to four or more antibiotics. The strains showed multiple drug resistance were more higher in HA-positive strains(92% of HA-positive strains) than in HA-negative strains(76% of HA-negative strains) and all of the HA-positive strains with human erythrocytes were resistant to 4 or more antibiotics. There were no significant differences between HA patterns and antibiotic resistance in both the strains from the patients with or without diarrhea. In summary, although the causative organisms in cases of diarrhea of this study have not been established, the date herein suggested that ETEC possessing CFA which produce RRRN or NRRN HA pattern was not participated in this diarrhea.

A Case Ritter's Disease

We experienced a patient of 13 days old female who was diagnosed with Ritter's disease and reported with brief review of literatures. 3 days before entry, she was suffered from fever, irritability and bullous skin lesions suddenly. And then coagulase-positive staphylococcus aureus was isolated from skin lesions and treated with systemic and local supportive measures.

A Case of Posterior Urethral Valve

The most common site of posterior urethral valve is that in which there is an exaggeration of the normal ridges which extend from the midline dorsal urethral ridge and from the verumontanum to surround the urethra just before the membranous region. Obstruction to urine flow may be complete or partial. In patients with partial obstruction, failure to thrive, systemic acidosis with renal failure and continuous over-flow dribbling rather than a good urinary stream may be seen. Apart from the problem of renal damage consequent to the obstruction, these children are subject to recurrent urinary infections. Excretory urography and retrograde cystourethrography are needed to establish the diagnosis. The characteristic proximal ballooning of the urethra is best seen during micturition or attempts to express urine from the bladder. Early surgical decompression is warranted. A temporary diversionary procedure is recommended, with a definitive operation at a later age to correct the valvular obstruction. We experienced a case of posterior urethral valve which was developed in a 4 years old boy, treated this case by destruction of posterior urethral valve and report it with brief review of literatures.

A Case of Sclerema Neonatorum

We were experienced a case of sclerema neonatorum which was developed in a 13 days old newborn, and we report it with a brief review.

Duchenne Type Muscular Dystrophy Occuring in 3 Brothers

We were experienced Duchenne type muscular dystrophy occuring in 3 brothers among 6 siblings. In all cases, the clinical symtoms were started at about 6 years old age, And diagnosis was easily confirmed by clinical symptoms and laboratory examination with muscle biopsy. We report with brief review of the literature.