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1.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 23: e241300, 2024. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1532509

RESUMO

Aim: Burnout syndrome describes the state of long-term physical, emotional and mental exhaustion related to work. This syndrome can cause health problems related to stress, insomnia, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, including an increase in alcohol consumption and drug use. It is important to recognize the presence of the initial signs of this syndrome, therefore this study aimed to determine the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in peruvian dental students. Methods: The study was observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive. It was carried out from September to November 2018, and it included a total of 154 dental students of four universities of La Libertad region, surveyed by census method. Three were private universities and one was public. Burnout was evaluated through the Maslach Burnout Student Survey Questionnaire (MBI-SS). The results were presented in absolute and percentage frequencies, as well as confidence intervals, using double-entry tables. Results: It was found that 24.68% of the students (24.71% in male students and 24.64% in female students) presented burnout syndrome. The public university of Trujillo presented the highest percentage of affected students (47.37%). A prevalence of 53,90% of emotional exhaustion was also found among the students under evaluation. Conclusions: Almost a quarter of the students surveyed presented burnout. It was also observed that the public University of Trujillo had a higher percentage of burnout than the three private ones. The percentage of prevalence of the burnout syndrome according to sex was similar. However according to dimensions, emotional exhaustion presented the highest percentage


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes de Odontologia , Educação em Odontologia , Esgotamento Psicológico/epidemiologia
3.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 75(4)ago. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515237

RESUMO

Objetivo: Comunicar el caso de un varón diagnosticado de tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas (TSPP). Esta patología afecta fundamentalmente a mujeres jóvenes, siendo extremadamente infrecuente en hombres. Caso Clínico: Varón de 40 años diagnosticado por TC de masa intraabdominal sólida bien delimitada, de 12,5 × 13 × 8,5 cm, heterogénea, con calcificaciones periféricas y realce tras la administración de contraste en fase portal, dependiente de cuerpo-cola pancreática. Se realiza puncion, no concluyente. La laparotomía exploradora mostró tumoración sólida dependiente de cola pancreática que incluye vasos esplénicos. Se liberó el tumor de forma periférica, requiriendo pancreatectomía distal y esplenectomía. El resultado AP informó neoplasia pseudopapilar sólida de cola pancreática de bajo grado de malignidad, bien diferenciado (G1). Alta hospitalaria al 12° día sin complicaciones. Actualmente libre de enfermedad tras dos años de la intervención. Discusión: Este tumor infrecuente representa el 1%-3% de las neoplasias pancreáticas. El 90% afecta a mujeres jóvenes, con proporción de mujeres a hombres de 4:1. En estos, tiene mayor potencial maligno con peor pronóstico. Conclusión: La baja incidencia en varones puede dificultar el diagnóstico. Sin embargo, debemos tenerlo en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial, ya que el tratamiento quirúrgico radical aumenta significativamente la supervivencia al evitar la recurrencia local y las metástasis a distancia, lo que supone un reto quirúrgico.


Objective: To report the case of a male diagnosed with a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the páncreas. This pathology fundamentally affects young women, being extremely infrequent in men. Clinical Case: A 40-year-old man diagnosed by CT with a well-defined solid intra-abdominal mass, 12.5 × 13 × 8.5 cm, heterogeneous, with peripheral calcifications and enhancement after contrast administration in the portal phase, dependent on the body-tail of the pancreas. Fine needle puncture is performed, inconclusive. The exploratory laparotomy showed a solid tumor dependent on the pancreatic tail that included splenic vessels. The tumor was released peripherally, requiring distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. The AP result reported solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreatic tail of low grade of malignancy, well differentiated (G1). Hospital discharge on the 12th day without complications. Currently free of disease two years after the intervention. Discussion: This rare tumor represents 2%-3% of pancreatic neoplasms. 90% affects young women, with a ratio of women to men of 4:1. In these, it has greater malignant potential with worse prognosis. Conclusion: The low incidence in males can make diagnosis difficult. However, we must take it into account in the differential diagnosis, since radical surgical treatment significantly increases survival by avoiding local recurrence and distant metastases, which is a surgical challenge.

4.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 159(2): 119-124, mar.-abr. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430394

RESUMO

Resumen Antecedentes: La queratoplastia en población pediátrica ha sido considerada un procedimiento de alto riesgo. Objetivo: Conocer datos demográficos de pacientes menores de 18 años tratados con queratoplastia óptica, indicaciones de la cirugía y sus resultados. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, en el que se revisaron expedientes de pacientes menores de 18 años tratados con queratoplastia óptica de 2009 a 2019. Resultados: Un total de 53 ojos fueron incluidos. El diagnóstico y el procedimiento más comunes fueron el queratocono y la queratoplastia penetrante. El promedio de agudeza visual inicial fue de 2.05 ± 0.99 logMAR y en la última visita, 0.82 ± 1.33. El tiempo de supervivencia del injerto fue de 130.34 meses. Se registraron cuatro fallas. En cuanto a las cirugías asociadas, antes del trasplante se registró cierre de herida corneal en siete ojos y durante la queratoplastia, vitrectomía anterior en dos ojos y después del trasplante, implante de válvula de Ahmed y resutura. Un total de ocho ojos tuvieron glaucoma, cinco con diagnóstico antes del trasplante. Respecto al rechazo, 15 ojos tuvieron un episodio durante el seguimiento y el tiempo promedio de rechazo al trasplante fue de 10.8 meses. Conclusión: Se puede lograr una supervivencia prolongada del injerto con el mejor conocimiento y manejo de los diferentes factores asociados.


Abstract Background: Keratoplasty in the pediatric population has been considered a high-risk procedure. Objective: To know the demographic data of patients younger than 18 years treated with optical keratoplasty, indications for surgery and its results. Material and methods: A retrospective study was carried out at Conde de Valenciana Ophthalmology Institute, in which the medical records of patients younger than 18 years treated with optical keratoplasty from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed. Results: A total of 53 eyes were included. The most common diagnosis and procedure were keratoconus and penetrating keratoplasty, respectively. Mean initial visual acuity was 2.05 ± 0.99 logMAR, and 0.82 ± 1.33 at last visit. Survival time was 130.34 months. Four failures were recorded. As for associated surgeries, corneal wound closure was recorded in seven eyes prior to transplant; during the keratoplasty procedure, anterior vitrectomy in two eyes, and after the transplant, Ahmed valve implantation and re-suture. A total of eight eyes had glaucoma, five of them diagnosed prior to transplantation. Regarding rejection, 15 eyes had an episode during follow-up, and mean time to transplant rejection was 10.8 months. Conclusion: Prolonged graft survival can be achieved with better knowledge and management of different associated factors.

5.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1508247

RESUMO

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es un problema emergente de salud pública; que mostrará un crecimiento del 45 por ciento para el año 2030, influenciado por el incremento demográfico y el envejecimiento poblacional a escala global. Objetivo: Desarrollar una estrategia educativa sobre la diabetes mellitus e implementarla en la comunidad de Ojo de Agua, Holguín. Método: Se realizó una investigación siguiendo el paradigma cuanticualitativo, con una población fuente o de estudio de 27 pacientes diabéticos que se caracterizaron a partir de variables seleccionadas, en el período 2020-2021. Se aplicó escala tipo Likert (previamente validada por expertos y con α-Cronbach de 0,693) y el cuestionario Martín-Bayarre-Grau para adherencia. Resultados: El sexo femenino, el envejecimiento poblacional, el bajo grado de escolaridad, la malnutrición por exceso y una adherencia parcial al tratamiento caracterizaron a los diabéticos. Se elaboró e implementó una estrategia educativa con un plan de acción organizado por objetivos en el que se aplicó el concepto de pensar globalmente y actuar localmente que, a los seis meses, incrementó la adherencia con una actitud favorable hacia el control de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: La estrategia educativa sobre diabetes mellitus proporcionó los medios necesarios para mejorar y ejercer un mayor control sobre la salud individual y familiar, al crear un ambiente favorable con reforzamiento de acciones comunitarias y actitudes personales favorables, con mayor adherencia al tratamiento, lo que permitió un mejor control de la enfermedad, con un incremento de la calidad de vida de toda la población(AU)


Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is an emerging public health concern, which will show a growth of 45percent by the year 2030, influenced by demographic increase and population aging on a global scale. Objective: To develop an educational strategy on diabetes mellitus and to implement it in the community of Ojo de Agua, Holguín. Methods: A research was carried out following the quantitative-qualitative paradigm, with a source or study population of 27 diabetic patients who were characterized based on variables selected in the period 2020-2021. A Likert-type scale, previously validated by experts and with a Cronbach's α of 0.693, was applied, together with the Martín-Bayarre-Grau questionnaire for adherence. Results: The diabetics were mostly characterized by the female sex, an aging population, a low level of schooling, excess malnutrition, and partial adherence to treatment. An educational strategy was elaborated and implemented, with an action plan organized by objectives in which the concept of think globally and act locally was applied, which, at six months, increased adherence with a favorable attitude towards the control of the disease. Conclusions: The educational strategy on diabetes mellitus provided the necessary means for improving and exercising greater control over individual and family health, by creating a favorable environment with reinforcement of community actions and favorable personal attitudes, with greater adherence to treatment, which allowed better control of the disease, with an increase in the quality of life of the entire population(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Fatores de Risco
6.
urol. colomb. (Bogotá. En línea) ; 32(3): 100-106, 2023. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1518295

RESUMO

We aimed to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of bariatric surgery on fertility in men with obesity. To assess the methodological quality of the included studies, the Cochrane-ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies was used. Three hundred and eighty-four articles were found. A statistically significant improvement in total testosterone levels was evidenced in all the patients; some studies did not find a correlation between this increase and the improvement in seminal parameters. Only one article showed a slight increase in estradiol levels (not statistically significant, 33.3-32 pg/mL, p: 0.68). Normal or low levels of LH and FSH were present both before and after the procedure. The total sperm count decreased at 6 months and was significantly lower at 12 months. There was not evidence of changes in seminal volume, sperm motility, and vitality. Although our systematic review shows changes on sexual hormonal parameters in men, with an increase in total testosterone levels, a negative one was also found on semen quality. More prospective and randomized studies are required, hopefully of the Latin American population, which can help confirm this association


Nuestro objetivo fue realizar una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis de los efectos de la cirugía bariátrica sobre la fertilidad en hombres con obesidad. Para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos, se utilizó la herramienta Cochrane-ROBINS-I para estudios no aleatorios. Se encontraron 384 artículos. Se evidenció una mejoría estadísticamente significativa en los niveles de testosterona total en todos los pacientes; algunos estudios no encontraron una correlación entre este aumento y cambios en los parámetros seminales. Solo un artículo mostró un ligero aumento en los niveles de estradiol (no estadísticamente significativo, 33,3 a 32 pg/ml, p: 0,68). Los niveles normales o bajos de LH y FSH estaban presentes tanto antes como después del procedimiento. El recuento total de espermatozoides disminuyó a los 6 meses y fue significativamente menor a los 12 meses. No hubo evidencia de cambios en el volumen seminal, la motilidad y la vitalidad de los espermatozoides. Aunque nuestra revisión sistemática muestra cambios sobre los parámetros hormonales sexuales en hombres, con un aumento de los niveles de testosterona total, también se encontró uno negativo sobre la calidad seminal. Se requieren más estudios prospectivos aleatorizados, ojalá en población latinoamericana, que ayuden a confirmar esta asociación.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino
7.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 9(3): 1-13, sept. 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1518684

RESUMO

Worldwide, the leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease. The study details the prescription of statins at the Pablo Arturo Suarez Hospital in Ecuador between March 2021 and February 2022 following the ASCVD risk scale of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. There are 563 people in this cross-sectional and retrospective study: 70% women, 30% men, 93.30% mestizos, 48.10% diabetics, 62.30% hypertensives, and 18.70% smokers. 26.10% of all patients received statins, with simvastatin being the most common (96.60%). The mean cardiovascular risk in the general population was 15.52 ± 14.51%, 44.99% of subjects had a risk lower than 7.50%, and 29% had a risk higher than 20%, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) according to sex. The study determined that 58.60% of the population received a statin or an inadequate dosage.


A nivel mundial, la principal causa de muerte es la enfermedad cardiovascular. El estudio detalla la prescripción de estatinas en el Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez de Ecuador entre marzo de 2021 y febrero de 2022, siguiendo la escala de riesgo ASCVD del Colegio Americano de Cardiología y la Asociación Americana del Corazón. Son 563 personas en este estudio transversal y retrospectivo: 70% mujeres, 30% hombres, 93.30% mestizos, 48.10% diabéticos, 62.30% hipertensos y 18.70% fumadores. El 26.10% de los pacientes recibía estatinas, siendo la simvastatina la más frecuente (96.60%). El riesgo cardiovascular medio en la población general fue de 15.52 ± 14.51%, el 44.99% de los sujetos tenía un riesgo inferior al 7.50%, y el 29% tenía un riesgo superior al 20%, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0.001) según el sexo. El estudio determinó que el 58.60% de la población recibía una estatina o una dosis inadecuada.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Etnicidade , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Sinvastatina/administração & dosagem , Complicações do Diabetes , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Aterosclerose/epidemiologia , Atorvastatina/administração & dosagem , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/epidemiologia
8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(3): 361-369, ago. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394452

RESUMO

Resumen Las inmunodeficiencias humorales (IDH) comprenden un grupo de enfermedades caracterizadas por una deficiente respuesta mediada por anticuerpos. Se clasifican en primarias (IDHP), causa das por defectos propios del sistema inmune, o secundarias (IDHS) a otras enfermedades o fármacos. Nuestro objetivo fue revisar la evolución de las IDH asistidas en la Unidad Inmunología del Hospital Durand entre 1982 y 2020, dividido en dos periodos, Periodo I (1982-2009) y Periodo II (2010-2020); para evaluar el crecimiento de éstas, sus características epidemiológicas y las formas de tratamiento. Se evaluaron 205 pacientes, 176 (85.8%) IDHP y 29 (14.2%) IDHS. Las IDHP más diagnosticadas fueron: inmunodeficiencia común variable en 104 (59%) pacientes, agammaglobulinemia ligada al cromosoma X en 17 (9.6%) y deficiencia selectiva de IgA en 26 (14.8%). En 25 (14.2%) IDHP se realizó un diagnóstico molecular. Las causas de IDHS fueron: secundaria a rituximab en 21 (72.4%) pacientes, enfermedades hematológicas en tres (10.2%) y fármacos antiepilépticos en tres. Un total de 161 (78.5%) pacientes recibieron gammaglobulina, 140 (87%) IDHP y 21 (13%) IDHS; 152 (94.4%) fueron tratados con gammaglobulina endovenosa y nueve (5.6%) con gammaglobulina subcutánea. De los tratados inicialmente con forma endovenosa, 30 (19.7%) cambiaron a subcutánea. El crecimiento en la can tidad de pacientes entre ambos periodos del estudio fue mayor al 250%, y al 700% en pacientes incorporados por año. El crecimiento de las IDHS con relación al de las IDHP fue más del doble. Al finalizar el estudio 125 pacientes continuaban en seguimiento, 80% IDHP y 20% IDHS, y 14 fallecieron.


Abstract Antibody deficiencies (AD) are characterized by low or absent immunoglobulin levels or the inability to develop a specific antibody response. They are classified in primary (PAD) when there is an intrinsic immune defect, or secondary (SAD) to other dis eases or drugs. The aim of our study was to review the evolutio n of AD assisted at the Immunology Unit, Hospital Durand between 1982 and 2020, divided into two periods: Period I (1982-2009) and Period II (2010-2020); to evaluate their growth, epidemiologic features and treatment options. A total of 205 patients were identified, 176 (85.8%) with PAD and 29 (14.2%) with SAD. The most frequent PAD were common variable immunodeficiency in 104 (59%) patients, X linked agammaglobulinemia in 17 (9.6%) and selective IgA deficiency in 26 (14.8%). Genetic defects were found in 25 (14.2%) patients with PAD. SAD cases were associated with rituximab in 21 (72.4%) subjects, haematological disease in three (10.2%) and with antiepileptic drugs in other three; 161 (78.5%) patients were treated with immunoglobulins, 140 (87%) PAD y 21 (13%) SAD; 152 (94.4%) received intravenous immunoglobulins and nine (5.6%) subcutaneous immunoglobulins. Thirty (19.7%) patients treated at first with intravenous immunoglobulins changed to subcutaneous formulations. The increase in number of patients between both periods was greater than 250%, and more than 700% in patients added per year. SAD growth was greater than twice times comparing with PAD. By the end of the study 125 patients continued in follow up, 80% PAD y 20% SAD and 14 died.

9.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 22(2): 125-133, jun. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1441117

RESUMO

Introducción: Asma y EPOC son enfermedades heterogéneas, algunos pacientes comparten características clínicas de ambas. Existen incertidumbres en los criterios para definir superposición asma-EPOC (ACO) y la prevalencia es entre el 15% y el 25% de la población adulta con obstrucción crónica del flujo aéreo. Motiva este estudio determinar la prevalencia de ACO en Argentina, que es desconocida. Objetivos: Primario: Determinar prevalencia de ACO en el estudio EPOC-AR. Se cundarios: Evaluar y analizar las características clínicas de los pacientes con ACO, la gravedad de los síntomas, la frecuencia y gravedad de exacerbaciones. Describir y comparar el tratamiento entre ACO vs. EPOC puros. Base de datos del estudio EPOC.AR: Espirometrías, asma, atopía o rinitis, síntomas respiratorios: CAT (prueba de evaluación de EPOC) y mMRC (Medical Research Council modificado), frecuencia de exacerbaciones/año previo, comorbilidades y tratamientos. Guías GOLD 2017 para determinar grados de obstrucción espirométrica y Grupos A, B, C y D. Criterios diagnósticos de ACO (comité expertos USA, Europa del Este y Asia-Denver 2015): CRITERIOS MAYORES: 1. Obstrucción persistente (FEV1/FVC pos-BD <70% o LIN) en ≥ 40 años. 2. TBQ ≥ 10 paquetes/año, contaminación ambiental o biomasa. 3. Historia documentada de asma antes de los 40 años o respuesta pos-BD ≥ 400 mL en FEV1. CRITERIOS MENORES: 1. Historia documentada de atopía o rinitis alérgica. 2. Res puesta pos-BD en FEV1 > 200 mL. 3. Recuento de eosinófilos en sangre periférica ≥ 300 células-Ul-1 (no realizado en EPOC.AR). Prueba de Chi-cuadrado, Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, razón de verosimilitud, asociación lineal por lineal. Resultados: EPOC (n498), n95 con criterios de ACO, masculino (53,4%) y edad pro medio 63,6 años. El 1%, sin asma y respuesta BD ≥ 400 mL; el 32,7%, asmáticos (3,6% respuesta BD ≥ 400 mL y el 14,5%, entre 200-400 mL); n23 respuesta BD ≥ 400 mL (4,6%). Prevalen cia ACO: 19,08% (IC 15,6-22,5) y del 2,6% del total de la población de EPOC.AR. En población ACO vs. EPOC, se detectó: menor promedio de edad y de FEV1 pre BD (p < 0,01), mayor respuesta BD (p < 0,05), mayor frecuencia de sibilancias (p < 0,01; IC 2,75-7,64), mayor frecuencia de diagnóstico previo de asma (p < 0,01; IC 3,79-10,05) y el 26,08% tenían antecedentes familiares de asma. Mayor uso de ATB (p < 0,05) e ICS/LABA (p < 0,05; IC 1,1-5,3). Mayor frecuencia de exacerbaciones (12,47%; IC 9,56-15,39) que motivaron indicación de medicación en un 90,48% y 2,49 veces más de alteraciones en actividades diarias y ausentismo laboral. No se registraron diferencias significativas entre pacientes con ACO frente a EPOC puros en frecuencia de grupos A, B, C y D. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de ACO fue del 19,08% en pacientes EPOC del es tudio EPOC.AR; tenían significativamente menor edad, mayor grado de obstrucción, frecuencia de sibilancias, uso de antibióticos/año previo y CI (LABA/CI). Destacamos la importancia de identificar este fenotipo para un tratamiento adecuado por sus impli cancias clínicas, y deterioro en calidad de vida.


Background: Asthma and COPD are heterogeneous diseases, and some patients share clinical features of both conditions. There are uncertainties about the criteria to define asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), and its prevalence is 15-25% in the adult population with chronic airflow obstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ACO in Argentina, which is unknown. Objectives: Primary: to determine the prevalence of ACO in the EPOC.AR study. Secondary: to evaluate and analyze the clinical features of patients with ACO, the severity of the symptoms, and the frequency and severity of exacerbations. to describe and compare the treatment of ACO with that of pure COPD. Database of the EPOC.AR study: spirometries, asthma, atopy or rhinitis, respiratory symptoms: CAT (COPD Assesment Test) and mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) scale, frequency of exacerbations/previous year, comorbidities and treatments. 2017 GOLD Guides (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) to determine airflow obstruction degrees and Groups A, B, C, and D. ACO diagnostic criteria (expert committee from USA, East Europe and Asia that took place in Denver, 2015): MAJOR CRITERIA: 1. Persistent obstruction (post-BD [bronchodilator] FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity) < 70% or LLN [lower limit of normal] ) in ≥ 40 years. 2. SM (smoking) ≥ 10 packs/year, air pollution or biomass. 3. Documented history of asthma before 40 years or post-BD response ≥ 400 ml in FEV1. MINOR CRITERIA: 1. Documented history of atopy or allergic rhinitis. 2. Post-BD response in FEV1 > 200 ml. 3. Peripheral blood eosinophil count ≥ 300 cells-Ul-1 (not performed in EPOC.AR). Chi-Square Test, Pearson's Chi Square Test, likelihood ratio, linear-by-linear association. Results: COPD (n 498), n 95 with ACO criteria, males (53.4%), mean age 63.6 years. 1% without asthma and BD response ≥ 400 ml; 32.7% asthmatics (3.6% with BD response ≥ 400 ml and 14.5% between 200-400 ml); n 23 with BD response ≥ 400 ml (4.6%). ACO prevalence: 19.08% (CI [Confidence Interval] 15.6-22.5) and 2.6% of the total population of EPOC.AR. In the comparison between the ACO and COPD populations, we detected the following: lower mean age and pre-BD FEV1 (p < 0.01), higher frequency of BD response (p < 0.05), higher frequency of sibilance (p < 0.01; CI 2.75-7.64), higher frequency of previous asthma diagnosis (p < 0.01; CI 3.79-10.05); and 26.08% had family history of asthma. Greater use of ATBs (antibiotics) (p < 0.05) and ICS (inhaled corticosteroids)/ LABA (long-acting beta- adrenergic agonists) (p < 0.05; CI 1.1-5.3). Higher frequency of exacerbations (12.47%; CI 9.56-15.39) that motivated the indication of medication in 90.48% and 2.49 times more alterations in daily activities and absence from work. There weren't any significant differences between patients with ACO and pure COPD regarding frequency of groups A, B, C and D. Conclusions: the prevalence of ACO was 19.08% in the COPD patients of the EPOC. AR study; they were significantly younger, with higher degree of obstruction, frequency of sibilance, use of antibiotics/previous year and inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/IC). We emphasize the importance of identifying this phenotype in order to use a suitable treat ment, given its clinical implications and deterioration in quality of life.


Assuntos
Humanos , Tabagismo , Pneumopatias
10.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 22(2): 203-211, jun. 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441132

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background: Asthma and COPD are heterogeneous diseases, and some patients share clinical features of both conditions. There are uncertainties about the criteria to define asthma-COPD overlap (ACO), and its prevalence is 15-25% in the adult population with chronic airflow obstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ACO in Argentina, which is unknown. Objectives: Primary: to determine the prevalence of ACO in the EPOC.AR study. Secondary: to evaluate and analyze the clinical features of patients with ACO, the severity of the symptoms, and the frequency and severity of exacerbations. to describe and compare the treatment of ACO with that of pure COPD. Database of the EPOC.AR study: spirometries, asthma, atopy or rhinitis, respiratory symptoms: CAT (COPD Assesment Test) and mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) scale, frequency of exacerbations/previous year, comorbidities and treatments. 2017 GOLD Guides (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) to determine airflow obstruction degrees and Groups A, B, C, and D. ACO diagnostic criteria (expert committee from USA, East Europe and Asia that took place in Denver, 2015): MAJOR CRITERIA: 1. Persistent obstruction (post-BD [bronchodilator] FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity) < 70% or LLN [lower limit of normal] ) in ≥ 40 years. 2. SM (smoking) ≥ 10 packs/year, air pollution or biomass. 3. Documented history of asthma before 40 years or post-BD response ≥ 400 ml in FEV1. MINOR CRITERIA: 1. Documented history of atopy or allergic rhinitis. 2. Post-BD response in FEV1 > 200 ml. 3. Peripheral blood eosinophil count ≥ 300 cells-Ul-1 (not performed in EPOC.AR). Chi-Square Test, Pearson's Chi Square Test, likelihood ratio, linear-by-linear association. Results: COPD (n 498), n 95 with ACO criteria, males (53.4%), mean age 63.6 years. 1% without asthma and BD response ≥ 400 ml; 32.7% asthmatics (3.6% with BD response ≥ 400 ml and 14.5% between 200-400 ml); n 23 with BD response ≥ 400 ml (4.6%). ACO prevalence: 19.08% (CI [Confidence Interval] 15.6-22.5) and 2.6% of the total population of EPOC.AR. In the comparison between the ACO and COPD populations, we detected the following: lower mean age and pre-BD FEV1 (p < 0.01), higher frequency of BD response (p < 0.05), higher frequency of sibilance (p < 0.01; CI 2.75-7.64), higher frequency of previous asthma diagnosis (p < 0.01; CI 3.79-10.05); and 26.08% had family history of asthma. Greater use of ATBs (antibiotics) (p < 0.05) and ICS (inhaled corticosteroids)/ LABA (long-acting beta- adrenergic agonists) (p < 0.05; CI 1.1-5.3). Higher frequency of exacerbations (12.47%; CI 9.56-15.39) that motivated the indication of medication in 90.48% and 2.49 times more alterations in daily activities and absence from work. There weren't any significant differences between patients with ACO and pure COPD regarding frequency of groups A, B, C and D. Conclusions: the prevalence of ACO was 19.08% in the COPD patients of the EPOC. AR study; they were significantly younger, with higher degree of obstruction, frequency of sibilance, use of antibiotics/previous year and inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/IC). We emphasize the importance of identifying this phenotype in order to use a suitable treat ment, given its clinical implications and deterioration in quality of life.


RESUMEN Introducción: Asma y EPOC son enfermedades heterogéneas, algunos pacientes comparten características clínicas de ambas. Existen incertidumbres en los criterios para definir superposición asma-EPOC (ACO) y la prevalencia es entre el 15% y el 25% de la población adulta con obstrucción crónica del flujo aéreo. Motiva este estudio determinar la prevalencia de ACO en Argentina, que es desconocida. Objetivos: Primario: Determinar prevalencia de ACO en el estudio EPOC-AR. Se cundarios: Evaluar y analizar las características clínicas de los pacientes con ACO, la gravedad de los síntomas, la frecuencia y gravedad de exacerbaciones. Describir y comparar el tratamiento entre ACO vs. EPOC puros. Base de datos del estudio EPOC.AR: Espirometrías, asma, atopía o rinitis, síntomas respiratorios: CAT (prueba de evaluación de EPOC) y mMRC (Medical Research Council modificado), frecuencia de exacerbaciones/año previo, comorbilidades y tratamientos. Guías GOLD 2017 para determinar grados de obstrucción espirométrica y Grupos A, B, C y D. Criterios diagnósticos de ACO (comité expertos USA, Europa del Este y Asia-Denver 2015): CRITERIOS MAYORES: 1. Obstrucción persistente (FEV1/FVC pos-BD <70% o LIN) en ≥ 40 años. 2. TBQ ≥ 10 paquetes/año, contaminación ambiental o biomasa. 3. Historia documentada de asma antes de los 40 años o respuesta pos-BD ≥ 400 mL en FEV1. CRITERIOS MENORES: 1. Historia documentada de atopía o rinitis alérgica. 2. Respu esta pos-BD en FEV1 > 200 mL. 3. Recuento de eosinófilos en sangre periférica ≥ 300 células-Ul-1 (no realizado en EPOC.AR). Prueba de Chi-cuadrado, Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, razón de verosimilitud, asociación lineal por lineal. Resultados: EPOC (n498), n95 con criterios de ACO, masculino (53,4%) y edad pro medio 63,6 años. El 1%, sin asma y respuesta BD ≥ 400 mL; el 32,7%, asmáticos (3,6% respuesta BD ≥ 400 mL y el 14,5%, entre 200-400 mL); n23 respuesta BD ≥ 400 mL (4,6%). Prevalen cia ACO: 19,08% (IC 15,6-22,5) y del 2,6% del total de la población de EPOC.AR. En población ACO vs. EPOC, se detectó: menor promedio de edad y de FEV1 pre BD (p < 0,01), mayor respuesta BD (p < 0,05), mayor frecuencia de sibilancias (p < 0,01; IC 2,75-7,64), mayor frecuencia de diagnóstico previo de asma (p < 0,01; IC 3,79-10,05) y el 26,08% tenían antecedentes familiares de asma. Mayor uso de ATB (p < 0,05) e ICS/LABA (p < 0,05; IC 1,1-5,3). Mayor frecuencia de exacerbaciones (12,47%; IC 9,56-15,39) que motivaron indicación de medicación en un 90,48% y 2,49 veces más de alteraciones en actividades diarias y ausentismo laboral. No se registraron diferencias significativas entre pacientes con ACO frente a EPOC puros en frecuencia de grupos A, B, C y D. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de ACO fue del 19,08% en pacientes EPOC del es tudio EPOC.AR; tenían significativamente menor edad, mayor grado de obstrucción, frecuencia de sibilancias, uso de antibióticos/año previo y CI (LABA/CI). Destacamos la importancia de identificar este fenotipo para un tratamiento adecuado por sus impli cancias clínicas, y deterioro en calidad de vida.

11.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 56: e20210548, 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1376272

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the degree of psychological distress and fear of COVID-19 experienced by undergraduate student nurses who were about to begin their clinical placements. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 100 second- and third-year undergraduate student nurses of the University of Zaragoza (Spain). Measures included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Results: Regularly, student nurses did not think of themselves as vulnerable to COVID-19. However, a significant association was observed between the student nurses' level of psychological distress and cohabiting with relatives or people who were considered vulnerable to the infection (p = 0.035). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale results revealed a low level of psychological distress in general; the Fear of COVID-19 Scale indicated moderate fear (2.94). Conclusion: Student nurses who lived with their relatives experienced higher levels of stress due to the perceived risk of transmission, but were less fearful of loss of work and income. Anxiety in our sample was associated principally with not knowing their upcoming placement location.


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar el grado de angustia psicológica y miedo al COVID-19 que experimentan los estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería que estaban a punto de empezar sus prácticas clínicas. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 100 estudiantes de enfermería de segundo y tercer año de la Universidad de Zaragoza (España). Las medidas incluyeron la Escala de Miedo a la COVID-19 y la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés. Resultados: Normalmente, los estudiantes de enfermería no se consideraban vulnerables a la COVID-19. Sin embargo, se observó una asociación significativa entre el nivel de distrés psicológico de los estudiantes de enfermería y la convivencia con familiares o personas percibidas como vulnerables a la infección (p = 0,035). Los resultados del Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés revelaron un bajo nivel de distrés psicológico en general; la Escala de Miedo a la COVID-19 indicó un miedo moderado (2,94). Conclusión: Los estudiantes de enfermería que vivían con sus familiares experimentaron mayores niveles de estrés debido al riesgo percibido de transmisión, pero tenían menos miedo a la pérdida de trabajo e ingresos. La ansiedad en nuestra muestra se asoció principalmente con el desconocimiento de su próxima ubicación de colocación.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar o grau de sofrimento psicológico e medo da COVID-19 experimentado por estudantes de enfermagem que estavam prestes a iniciar seus estágios clínicos. Método: Um estudo transversal foi realizado em 100 estudantes de enfermagem do segundo e terceiro anos da Universidade de Zaragoza (Espanha). As medidas incluíram a Escala de Medo da COVID-19 e as escalas de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse. Resultados: Regularmente, os estudantes de enfermagem não se consideravam vulneráveis à COVID-19. No entanto, observou-se associação significativa entre o nível de sofrimento psicológico dos estudantes de enfermagem e a convivência com familiares ou pessoas percebidas como vulneráveis à infecção (p = 0,035). Os resultados da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse revelaram um baixo nível de sofrimento psicológico em geral; a Escala de Medo da COVID-19 indicou um medo moderado (2,94). Conclusão: Estudantes de enfermagem que moravam com seus familiares experimentaram níveis mais altos de estresse devido ao risco percebido de transmissão, mas tinham menos medo de perda de trabalho e renda. A ansiedade em nossa amostra foi associada principalmente ao desconhecimento de seu próximo local de estágio.


Assuntos
Estudantes de Enfermagem , Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Recursos Humanos , COVID-19 , Ansiedade , Saúde Mental , Capacitação Profissional , Angústia Psicológica
12.
Adv Rheumatol ; 62: 33, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1393816

RESUMO

Abstract Background: Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) simulating eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is an underdiagnosed and challenging complication due to the lack of knowledge about its pathogenesis, refractoriness to traditional immunosuppressive agents and their negative impact on the physical function and quality of life. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical-biological characteristics and response to treatment of a case series and to provide a comprehensive literature review on cGVHD related EF involvement. Methods: Prospective observational study to describe the clinical and diagnostic evaluation characteristics of patients with EF-like follow-up as part of our multidisciplinary cGVHD consultations. In addition, the literature on joint and/or fascial musculoskeletal manifestations due to cGVHD was comprehensively reviewed. Results: 118 patients were evaluated in multidisciplinary cGVHD consultations, 39 of whom (33%) developed fasciitis. Notably, 11 patients had isolated joint contractures without sclerotic skin. After a median of three lines of treatment, the vast majority of patients achieved some degree of response. 94 potentially eligible articles were identified by the search strategy, with 17 of them, the majority isolated case reports, making the final selection. The validated staging scales used for the assessment were the Joint and Fascial Score and the Photographic Range of Motion. Conclusion: Fascial/articular involvement needs to be recognized and evaluated early. To our knowledge, our cohort is the second largest series to have been reported. Literature addressing fascial/joints complications related to cGVHD is scarce. The search for new biomarkers, the use of advanced imaging techniques and multidisciplinary approach may help improve the prognosis of patients with cGVHD.

13.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 93(nspe1): e311, 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1393872

RESUMO

En Uruguay, la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha generado menos afectación en pacientes de la edad pediátrica, aumentando el número de casos positivos en este grupo etario de forma proporcional al aumento de la circulación del virus. La forma de presentación es generalmente asintomática o con síntomas respiratorios leves a moderados. El síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico postinfección por SARS-CoV-2 (SIM-C) ha sido descrito como una de las principales complicaciones postinfección. Se describe el primer caso de un paciente con SIM-C en la ciudad de Paysandú, Uruguay. Se trata de un escolar de 6 años que cursó una infección por SARS-CoV-2 un mes previo. Se presenta con un cuadro febril de 4 días de evolución asociado a lesiones de piel e inyección conjuntival y odinofagia, con parámetros inflamatorios elevados y afectación cardiológica. Se traslada a CTI local con buena evolución posterior. El alto índice de sospecha de SIM-C mejora el diagnóstico y en consecuencia la morbimortalidad de la enfermedad.


Summary: In Uruguay, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected the pediatric population less and the number of positive cases in this age group has increased proportionally to the rise of the virus circulation. The presentation is generally asymptomatic or with mild to moderate respiratory symptoms. Post-Infection Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome by SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C) has been described as one of the main post-infection complications. We describe the first case of a patient with MIS-C in the city of Paysandú, Uruguay. It is a 6-year-old schoolboy who had had a SARS-CoV-2 infection a month earlier. He showed a 4-day history of fever associated with skin lesions and conjunctival injection and odynophagia, with high inflammatory parameters and cardiac involvement. He was transferred to a local ICU and had a good subsequent evolution. The high index of suspicion of MIS-C improves the diagnosis and consequently the morbidity and mortality rates of the disease.


No Uruguai, a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 gerou menos afetação em pacientes pediátricos, e o número de casos positivos nessa faixa etária aumentou proporcionalmente ao aumento da circulação do vírus. A forma de apresentação é geralmente assintomática ou com sintomas respiratórios leves a moderados. A Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pós-Infecção por SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C) tem sido descrita como uma das principais complicações pós-infecção. Descreve-se o primeiro caso de paciente com MIS-C na cidade de Paysandú, Uruguai. Ele é um estudante de 6 anos de idade que tinha tido uma infecção por SARS-CoV-2 um mês antes. Apresentou história de febre de 4 dias associada a lesões cutâneas e hiperemia conjuntival e odinofagia, com parâmetros inflamatórios elevados e envolvimento cardiológico. Foi transferido para uma UTI local com boa evolução posterior. O alto índice de suspeita de MIS-C melhora o diagnóstico e, consequentemente, a morbimortalidade da doença.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/diagnóstico , COVID-19/complicações , Metilprednisolona/administração & dosagem , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administração & dosagem , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico
14.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 22: e200240, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1422271

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: To estimate and compare the levels of empathy between undergraduate dentistry students and professors at a university in the Dominican Republic. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. The studied population consisted of two groups. The first: students of the Dentistry Career (N=520; n=335: 64.42% of total students) were distributed in two areas, basic-preclinical and clinical, while the second group corresponded of teachers who work in both areas (N=92; n=56; 60.87% of all teachers). The total sample was n = 391. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (S-Version) was used. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient, descriptive statistics, two-way analysis of variance, Tukey's test, effect size, and power of the test. Significance level: α≤0.05 and β≤0.20. Results: The empathy and dimension values were, in general, higher in the professors of the clinical area in relation to the other areas studied, with the exception of the compassionate care dimension. Conclusion: The finding that clinical teachers have a greater value of empathy is potentially an advantage for training students, especially in the clinical area (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes de Odontologia , Odontologia , Empatia , Docentes de Odontologia/psicologia , Psicometria/métodos , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Análise de Variância , Análise Fatorial , República Dominicana
15.
Cogitare Enferm. (Online) ; 27: e84285, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1404364

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo determinar a relação entre a depressão e o apoio social percebido nos estudantes de enfermagem no contexto de comportamentos suicidas. Método análise secundária de dados de um estudo anterior. Amostra do censo dos estudantes de enfermagem na Costa Rica. Coleta de dados realizada por LimeSurvey during 2020 por meio de questionário autoadministrado composto por seção de dados sociodemográficos, inventário de depressão Beck-II e escala multidimensional de apoio social percebido. Foram utilizadas a análise descritiva e a correlação de Pearson. Resultados A maioria era do sexo feminino (79,5%), com idade média de 22,15 anos; 85,8% referiram depressão ligeira a mínima; 92,2% referiram elevado apoio social percebido. Foi identificada correlação inversa significativa entre o nível de depressão e a percepção do apoio social (r=-0,44, p<0,01). Conclusão Amplia-se a compreensão acerca das condições de saúde mental por parte da ciência da enfermagem para que se possa melhorar as práticas de cuidados em um grupo específico.


ABSTRACT Objective to determine the relationship between depression and perceived social support in nursing students in the context of suicidal behaviors. Method secondary analysis of data from a previous study. Sample from the census of nursing students in Costa Rica. Data collection performed by LimeSurvey during 2020 by means of self-administered questionnaire composed of sociodemographic data section, Beck-II depression inventory and multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation were used. Results The majority were female (79.5%), with a mean age of 22.15 years; 85.8% reported mild to minimal depression; 92.2% reported high perceived social support. A significant inverse correlation was identified between level of depression and perceived social support (r=-0.44, p<0.01). Conclusion The understanding about mental health conditions by nursing science is broadened to improve care practices in a specific group.


RESUMEN Objetivo determinar la relación entre depresión y apoyo social percibido en estudiantes de enfermería en el contexto de las conductas suicidas. Método análisis secundario de datos de un estudio previo. Muestra censal en estudiantes de enfermería de Costa Rica. Recolección de datos realizada por LimeSurvey durante el 2020con una encuesta autoadministrada compuesta de sección de datos sociodemográficos, inventario de depresión de Beck-II y escala multidimensional de apoyo social percibido. Se utilizó análisis descriptivo y correlación de Pearson. Resultados la mayoría era del género femenino (79,5%), con un promedio de 22,15 años. El 85,8% manifestó un nivel mínimo-leve de depresión, el 92,2% evidenció un apoyo social percibido alto. Se identificó una correlación inversa significativa entre nivel de depresión y apoyo social percibido (r=-0.44, p<0.01). Conclusión se amplía la comprensión de condiciones de salud mental desde la ciencia de enfermería que podría mejorar las prácticas de cuidado en un grupo específico.


Assuntos
Estudantes de Enfermagem , Suicídio , Saúde Mental , Depressão , Comportamento
17.
Pensar mov ; 19(2)dic. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | SaludCR, LILACS | ID: biblio-1386769

RESUMO

Resumen Ortega Muñoz, A., Fumero Pérez, S. y Solano López, A.L. (2021). Autoeficacia, percepción de barreras y beneficios de la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios costarricenses. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-17. Según la Teoría de Promoción de la Salud, aspectos como autoeficacia, percepción de beneficios y barreras podrían estar influyendo en la actividad física. En Costa Rica, se ha investigado poco este fenómeno en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería, por lo que el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre autoeficacia y percepción beneficios y barreras de la actividad física en estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Esta investigación es un estudio de caso grupal, correlacional descriptivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 42 estudiantes de segundo año de Enfermería. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Beneficios/Barreras para el ejercicio y la Escala de Autoeficacia para la actividad física. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y la correlación de Pearson. Dentro de los resultados resalta que caminar obtuvo mayor autoeficacia, seguido de actividades de la vida diaria y, por último, el ejercicio físico programado. El estudiantado identifica más los beneficios de la actividad física que las barreras. Existe una asociación entre la autoeficacia total para la actividad física y la percepción de beneficios del ejercicio y la autoeficacia para el ejercicio programado y las barreras del ejercicio. Se debe trabajar en potenciar los beneficios de la actividad física, así como en crear intervenciones que ayuden a la población estudiantil de enfermería a superar las barreras por medio del fortalecimiento de la autoeficacia para la actividad física independientemente de su intensidad.


Abstract Ortega Muñoz, A., Fumero Pérez, S. & Solano López, A.L. (2021). Self-effectiveness and perception of barriers and benefits of physical activity in Costa Rican university students. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-17. According to Health Promotion Theory, factors such as self-effectiveness and the perception of benefits and barriers might be impacting physical activity. Since this phenomenon has been scarcely researched among nursing students, the purpose of this study has been to determine the relationship between self-effectiveness and perceived benefits and barriers of physical activity among nursing students at Universidad de Costa Rica. This research is a correlational, descriptive group case study. The sample was made up by 42 second-year students of the School of Nursing. The instruments used were the Scale of Benefits/Barriers for Exercise and the Self-Effectiveness Scale for Physical Activity. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation. The most outstanding result was that walking showed higher self-effectiveness, followed by daily life activities and finally scheduled physical exercise. The student community identifies the benefits of physical activities more easily than the barriers. An association exists between total self-effectiveness for physical activity and the perception of benefits of exercise and self-effectiveness for scheduled exercise and the barriers of exercise. Efforts must be made in enhancing the benefits of physical activity, as well as in creating interventions that will help nursing students to overcome barriers by strengthening self-effectiveness for physical activity, regardless of its intensity.


Resumo Ortega Muñoz, A., Fumero Pérez, S. e Solano López, A.L. (2021). Autoeficácia, percepção de barreiras e benefícios da atividade física entre universitários costarriquenhos. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-17. De acordo com a Teoria de Promoção da Saúde, aspectos como autoeficácia, percepção de benefícios e barreiras podem estar influenciando a atividade física. Na Costa Rica, pouca pesquisa tem sido feita em estudantes universitários de enfermagem, portanto, o objetivo do estudo foi determinar a relação entre a autoeficácia e a percepção dos benefícios e das barreiras da atividade física entre estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade da Costa Rica. Esta pesquisa é um estudo de caso em grupo correlacional descritivo. A amostra foi composta por 42 estudantes de enfermagem do segundo ano. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Benefícios/Barreiras para o Exercício e a Escala de Autoeficácia para Atividade Física. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva e correlação de Pearson. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que a caminhada alcançou maior autoeficácia, seguida das atividades da vida diária e, por fim, exercício físico programado. Os estudantes identificam mais os benefícios da atividade física do que as barreiras. Existe uma associação entre a autoeficácia total para a atividade física e a percepção de benefícios do exercício e a autoeficácia para o exercício programado e as barreiras do exercício. Deve-se potencializar os benefícios da atividade física, bem como criar intervenções que ajudem a população estudantil de enfermagem a superar barreiras, fortalecendo a autoeficácia para a atividade física, independentemente da intensidade.


Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Exercício Físico , Autoeficácia , Costa Rica
18.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 78(5): 424-431, Sep.-Oct. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345435

RESUMO

Abstract Background: An association between overweight and thyroid dysfunction, including chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT), has been previously described. Patients with overweight and obesity have a higher risk of increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti-thyroid antibodies. Weight gain may also be a clinical sign of hypothyroidism. This study aimed to describe the frequency of overweight and obesity in children with CAT and to compare thyroid function and antibody titles according to body weight. Methods: Clinical records from 78 patients with CAT who were followed up at a children's hospital in Mexico City were assessed. We collected demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data, including thyroid function tests and antibodies. According to body mass index (BMI) percentiles, patients were classified as normal weight, overweight or obese according to BMI percentiles. Also, BMI changes at 6 and 12 months of follow-up were analyzed. Results: We observed 19.2% of the patients with overweight and 15.4% with obesity. Patients with obesity showed high TSH and low thyroid hormone levels. Also, the frequency of hypothyroidism at presentation was higher in this group. No significant difference was found in antibody titles between groups. A significant BMI percentile reduction was observed during follow-up of patients independently of thyroid function at diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: Obesity is related to hypothyroidism in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, although causality cannot be established through this observational study.


Resumen Introducción: Previamente se ha identificado una asociación entre el sobrepeso y las alteraciones tiroideas, incluyendo la tiroiditis crónica autoinmunitaria (TCA). Los pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad presentan elevación de la hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH) y mayor frecuencia de anticuerpos antitiroideos. Por otro lado, el incremento de peso es un síntoma clásico de hipotiroidismo. El objetivo del trabajo es describir la frecuencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en pacientes con TCA, y comparar la función tiroidea y los anticuerpos antitiroideos según el peso corporal. Métodos: Se recolectaron datos demográficos, antropométricos y bioquímicos, pruebas de función tiroidea y anticuerpos antitiroideos, de 78 pacientes con TCA atendidos en un hospital pediátrico en la Ciudad de México. Se clasificaron en subgrupos, de acuerdo con el percentil del índice de masa corporal (IMC), como peso normal, sobrepeso y obesidad. Se analizó el comportamiento del IMC a los 6 y 12 meses de los pacientes incluidos. Resultados: El 19.2% de los pacientes presentaron sobrepeso y el 15.4% obesidad. Se encontraron valores mayores de TSH y menores de hormonas tiroideas en los pacientes con obesidad, quienes presentaron con mayor frecuencia hipotiroidismo al diagnóstico. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el título de anticuerpos entre los grupos. Durante el seguimiento se observó una disminución significativa en el percentil del IMC en los pacientes, sin diferencias según el tratamiento recibido ni la función tiroidea al diagnóstico. Conclusiones: La obesidad se asocia con hipotiroidismo como patrón bioquímico inicial en los pacientes con TCA.

19.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(4): 645-648, ago. 2021. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346519

RESUMO

Abstract Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease with an autosomal dominant heredity pattern, due to mutations in the gene encoding the C1 esterase inhibitor. The onset of symptoms usually occurs during childhood. Clinically, it is characterized by repeated episodes of angioedema that may affect the skin, abdomen and larynx/pharynx. The occurrence of attacks and their severity are unpredictable and can be fatal without the appropriate treatment. We present the case of an asymptomatic 65-year-old woman, with a history of three adult children diagnosed with HAE. Despite the high probabilities of being a carrier of the mutation, she had not been previously studied. Diagnosis of HAE in a family member would require screening of all at-risk relatives. Early diagnosis is essential to establish a correct and timely therapeutic strategy in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.


Resumen El angioedema hereditario (HAE) es una enfermedad rara, con un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante, debida a mutaciones en el gen que codifica el inhibidor de la C1 esterasa. El inicio de los síntomas suele ocurrir durante la infancia. Clínicamente se caracteriza por episodios recurrentes de angioedema que pueden afectar la piel, el abdomen y la laringe/faringe. La ocurrencia de los ataques y su gravedad son imprevisibles, y puede resultar fatal sin el tratamiento apropiado. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 65 años de edad, asintomática, con antecedente de tres hijos adultos con diagnóstico de HAE, quién pese a la alta probabilidad de ser portadora de la mutación, no había sido estudiada previamente. El diagnóstico de HAE en un integrante de la familia obligaría a realizar estudios de cribado en todos los familiares en riesgo. El diagnóstico temprano resulta fundamental para establecer una estrategia terapéutica correcta y oportuna, disminuyendo así la morbimortalidad asociada a la enfermedad.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Angioedemas Hereditários/diagnóstico , Angioedemas Hereditários/genética , Angioedema , Família , Proteína Inibidora do Complemento C1 , Mutação
20.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(6): 1065-1068, ago. 2021. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365104

RESUMO

Abstract Germline gain-of-function (GOF) mutation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene causes a disease clinically characterized by a significant lymphoproliferation, includ ing lymphadenopathy and/or hepatosplenomegaly, as well as childhood onset autoimmunity. Here we present an adult patient who, during his early years of life, presented recurrent infections, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and benign lymphoproliferative disease, characterized by hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, being diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) at 13 years of age. He was diagnosed with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia at the age of 20. When he was 40 years old, after a diagnostic review, it was decided to perform genetic studies. A heterozygous mutation in STAT3 NM_003150 c.2141C>T, p.P714L was detected by whole exome sequencing and validated by Sanger. Previously published functional studies performed in two siblings showed that this mutation resulted in gain-of-function. They were initially diagnosed with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, and later with STAT3 GOF as a second genetic defect. Our patient developed severe pulmonary disease and died, without access to treatment targeted to his molecular defect due to the advanced nature of his pulmonary involvement and the fact that many of the therapies were still in develop ment at that time. The diagnosis of STAT3 GOF mutations should be suspected in patients with early-onset of lymphoproliferative disease, autoimmunity and hypogammaglobulinemia. This must be considered especially in the group of CVID patients with these characteristics, in order to allow the implementation of treatments target ing the molecular defect (JAK inhibitors and Il-6 receptor antagonists) that could modify the disease evolution.


Resumen Mutaciones en línea germinal con ganancia de función (GOF) del gen transductor de señales y acti vador de la transcripción 3 (STAT3) provocan una enfermedad caracterizada por importante linfoproliferación, incluyendo linfadenopatías y/o hepatoesplenomegalia, así como autoinmunidad de inicio en la infancia. Presen tamos un paciente adulto que, durante sus primeros años de vida, presentó infecciones recurrentes, anemia hemolítica autoinmune y enfermedad linfoproliferativa benigna, caracterizada inicialmente por hepatoespleno megalia y linfoadenopatías, diagnosticado de inmunodeficiencia común variable (IDCV) a los 13 años. A los 20 años, al ser estudiado por compromiso pulmonar, se diagnosticó neumonía intersticial linfocítica. A los 40 años, tras revisión diagnóstica se decidió realizar estudios genéticos. Por secuenciación del exoma completo se detectó una mutación heterocigota en STAT3 NM_003150 c.2141C>T, p.P714L, que se validó por Sanger. Estudios funcionales previamente publicados realizados en dos hermanos con diagnóstico inicial de síndrome linfoproliferativo autoinmune, mostraron que esta mutación daba lugar a una ganancia de función. Nuestro pa ciente desarrolló enfermedad pulmonar grave y falleció a los 41 años, sin posibilidad de acceder a tratamiento dirigido a su defecto molecular por lo avanzado de su compromiso pulmonar y a que muchas de las terapias se encontraban en ese momento en desarrollo. El diagnóstico de mutaciones STAT3 GOF debe sospecharse en pacientes con enfermedad linfoproliferativa temprana, autoinmunidad e hipogammaglobulinemia. Esto debe ser considerado especialmente en pacientes con IDCV con estas características, para permitir la implementación de tratamientos dirigidos al defecto molecular (inhibidores de JAK y antagonistas del receptor de Il-6) que podrían modificar la evolución de la enfermedad.

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