Immune regulation effect of Chinese medicine of invigorating spleen and kidney detoxification on simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaque / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the effect of Chinese medicine of invigorating spleen and kidney detoxification on simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaque. Eight SIV rhesus macaques of the same age were randomly divided into Chinese medicine of invigorating spleen and kidney detoxification group(hereinafter referred to as Chinese medicine group) and anti-virus drug(HAART) group. The traditional Chinese medicine and antiviral therapy were given for 8 weeks, and peripheral blood was collected for detection in every 4 weeks. The results showed that Chinese medicine of invigorating spleen and kidney detoxification could not obviously decrease plasma viral load as HAART, but it can increase CD4 number in peripheral blood, especially the CD4 naive cells, and increase the number of CD4 and CD8 cells, enhance the immune response to pathogens. Therefore, it delayed the occurrence and development of spleen deficiency to a certain extent, indicating that the medicine had immune regulation effect, with considerable clinical value and application prospects.

Pharmacokinetic Effect of Aikeqing Granule by Different Medication Ways on Zidovudine in HAART of Rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study pharmacokinetic effect of Aikeqing Granule (AG) by different medication ways on zidovudine (AZT) in highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 36 rats were administered with corresponding medications by gastrogavage, group I [HAART: AZT 31.5 mg/kg +3TC 31.5 mg/kg + Efavirenz (EFV) 63.0 mg/kg], group II (HAART+AG525 mg/kg), group III (HAART and AG 525 mg/kg after a 2-h interval). Drug concentrations of AZT were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) before HAART, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h after HAART, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters [such as t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUCo-t, plasma clearance rate (CL)] were calculated by DAS2.0 Software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The-equation of linear regression of AZT was good, with the precision, coefficient of recovery, and stability definitely confirmed. AUC in group II and III was larger than that of group I. There was no statistical difference in t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-12 h, or AUC0-∞ among groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AG combined HAART could enhance the Cmax of AZT.</p>

Experimental observation of SIVmac239 Chinese rhesus monkey model at sub-acute phase of AIDS / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe T lymphocyte subsets and indicators of changes in viral load in sub-acute period in Chinese rhesus monkey model of AIDS SIVmac239. To explore Virology related index variation in sub-acute period of the Chinese rhesus monkey model of AIDS.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>To replicate Chinese rhesus monkey model of AIDS, healthy Chinese rhesus monkey was inoculated with SIVmac239 viral strain. To observe changes in T lymphocyte subsets indexes and viral load after infection with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in sub-acute period on an animal model. The clinical symptoms of the animal model was recorded simultaneously.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>During the 10 weeks after SIV acute infection, body weight and BMI index were relatively stable, the difference was not significant at all time points. Twelve monkeys were tested SIV positive by real-time PCR after three days of infection. On the 7th day after infection, 15 monkeys were tested SIV positive. Viral load increased rapidly, but reached a peak on the 10th-14th day after infection, then showed a level of volatility decline. T lymphocyte subsets showed significant changes, among them, CD3% and CD3 counts fluctuated upward trend and reached to the highest level in two weeks after infection; of CD4% and CD4 count changes were not synchronized, CD4% declined trend while the CD4 count was an increasing trend after the infection; of CD8% and CD8 counts fluctuate upward trend, and reached to a highest level in two weeks after infection ;the ratio of CD4/CD8 and the counts of CD4CD28 T cells decreased significantly in two weeks after infection; the former followed by a slow decline, the latter followed by a rapid rise. Three mouths after the infection 3 monkeys showed significant clinical symptoms. One of the rhesus monkeys had symptoms of diarrhea and two of them had reduced food intake.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This experiments established standardization of Chinese Rhesus monkeys used in the research of AIDS and provide a detailed contents in the changes of sub-acute phase.</p>

Study on the regional features of Chinese medicine etiology and pathogenesis of AIDS / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the differences in the Chinese medicine (CM) etiology and pathogenesis of AIDS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional investigation study of AIDS patients and non-infected people was carried out in Henan, Guangdong and Xinjiang provinces respectively by questionnaire of clinical epidemiology and analyzed with frequencies of symptoms and signs combined with syndrome factors. The distribution differences of syndrome factors in the 3 provinces were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 321 cases were investigated in the 3 provinces. As for the syndrome factors of AIDS, qi deficiency, blood deficiency, yin deficiency, yang deficiency, dampness evil, phlegm, qi stagnation, essence deficiency, and so on were dominated in the 3 provinces, but with their own features. For example, the scores of dampness evil were higher in Guangdong Province. Yin deficiency was dominated in Xinjiang Province. The scores of Henan Province were generally higher. As for the location of syndrome factors, Shen, Fei, Pi, and Gan were dominated in the 3 provinces. The score of Pi was the highest in Guangdong Province, while the score of Shen was the highest in Henan and Xinjiang provinces.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AIDS has regional features in the nature and the syndrome factors of location in different provinces. It is necessary to take into consideration the regional factors when analyzing the pathogenesis of AIDS.</p>

Blood lipid-regulation of stilbene glycoside from polygonum multiflorum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study lipid-regulating action of 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (TSG) from Polygonum multiflorum on experimental model hyperlipidemic rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>TSG 90 and 180 mg x kg(-10 x d(-1), atorvastatin mg kg(-1) x d(-1) and saline 2 mL x d(-1) were administered to hyperlipidemic rats. Groups of rats were determined and compared with those of saline group. The LDLR and HMGR mRNA expression were also detected.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>TSG significantly reduced serum TC and LDL-C level and atherosclerosis index, increased the expression of LDLR in the liver cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TSG, which shows effects and mechanism in part like atorcastatin, is a major constituent with blood-lipid regulating effect of P. multiflorum and can be explored as a potent medication for hyperlipidemia. Effects on LDL-C and AI, as well as on gene expression of TSG were first reported.</p>

Autoantibodies and autoimmunity in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected monkeys / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between simian acquired immunodeficiency syndromn (SAIDS) and autoimmunity in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected monkeys.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Indirect immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect plasma or serum autoantibodies in SIV-infected monkeys. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and lymph node of BALB/c mice, a strain of endothelial cell ECV304, and granulocytes were used as target antigens. These results were compared with HE stained slides of SIV-infected monkeys.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of various autoantibodies, including anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies, anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies, and anti-granulocyte antibodies, increased after SIV infection in monkeys. Moreover, pathological examinations showed injuries in the lymphoid tissue and vascular pathological changes in cerebral cortex, submucosa of gastrointestinal tract, interstitial capillaries of myocardium, nephron of the kidney, and sinusoid cell of liver.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The increased autoantibodies and the pathological changes of tissues and organs confirm the existence of autoimmunity in SIV-infected monkeys.</p>