Optimization of extraction technology of total saponins from Trillium tschonoskii Rhizome by response surface method / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To optimize the ethanol reflux extraction process of total saponins in total saponins of Trillium tschonoskii Rhizome. Methods:On the basis of single factor tests, making the total extraction rate of three main compounds [paris saponin Ⅵ, paris saponin Ⅶ and pennogenin-3- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PRRG)] as the indicator, the optimal extraction parameter was selected with the main influencing factors: the ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, and extraction time by the central composite design-response surface method.Results:The optimal extraction parameter for the ethanol extract of total saponins of Trillium tschonoskii Rhizome was as follows: ethanol concentration 69%, extraction time 1.9 h, and solid liquid ratio 1∶9.7. The binomial fitting complex correlation coefficient r = 0.966 1, and the deviation between the extracted predicted value and the actual value is 4.68%. Conclusion:The central composite design-response surface method is simple and reliable for the optimization of extraction process of total saponins of Trillium tschonoskii Rhizome.

Study on purification technic of total saponins in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma with macroporous resin / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:Select a suitable macroporous resin for the purification technic of total saponins from Panacis Japonici Rhizoma and determine the parameter of purification technic. Methods:Made the content of total saponins as the index, used static adsorption test and combined the adsorption kinetic parameters to select the type of macroporous resin. By using dynamic adsorption experiment to investigate the technical parameters of the purified macroporous resin extracted from Panacis Japonici Rhizoma. Then the preparation technic of the total saponins of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma was determined. Results:The D101 macroporous resin could absorpt and desorpt total saponins of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma effectively. The optimal purification parameters were as follow: the loading mass concentration was 0.1 g/ml (based on crude drug), and the loading volume was 100 ml (which means the loading volume of resin per ml was equivalent to 3.3 grams of crude drug). During the elution process, distilled water (3 BV) and 20% ethanol (3 BV) were used to remove impurity, and then 70% ethanol elution (6 BV) was used to enrich the total saponins. The flow rate of loading and elution was 0.5 ml/min. The transfer rate of total saponins could reache 85.6%. Conclusion:The D101 macroporous resin can effectively enrich and purify the total saponins of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma, which provides the scientific basis for the development and utilization of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma.

Analysis of monosaccharide compositions of different components of Panax japonicus polysaccharides / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the relative content of different alcohol precipitations of Panax japonicus polysaccharides.Methods The four components of Panax japonicus polysaccharides were isolated by stepwise ethanol precipitation method.The four components of Panax japonicus polysaccharides were hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and derivated by l-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolo (PMP),respectively.The monosaccharide composition and relative content were analyzed using LC-FT-ICR-MS and HPLC-UV method.Results The four components of Panax japonicus polysaccharides consisted of glucose,rhamnose,galacturonic acid,galactose,arabinose,and glucose was the main monosaccharide.With the increase of ethanol concentration,the relative content of Ara increased gradually,as while the GalA decreased.Conclusions Precolumn derivation HPLC method was successfully applied for the determination of the monosaccharides in Panax japonicus polysaccharides,and there were differences in the four ethanol precipitations of Panax japonicus polysaccharides.The study can provide a basis for the separation of Panax japonicus polysaccharides.

The identification and roles of microRNA targeting protein kinase D1 in rat with acute pancreatitis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To predict and verify the upstream regulatory microRNA (miRNA)of protein kinase D1 (PKD1),and to investigate its role in cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP)in rats. Methods Potential up-stream regulatory miRNA of PKD1 was predicted by using bioinformatics software. Dual luciferase reporter gene system and Western blot were applied to verify the regulation of PKD1 by the selected miRNA. Experimental AP was induced by 6 intraperitoneal injection of cerulein (20 μg/ kg)at hourly intervals after administration of the CY5 - labeled notar-get control (AP group,n = 20)or selected miRNA (treatment group,n = 20),respectively by intraperitoneal injection into rats. Other rats were divided randomly into a normal control group (n = 10)without any treatment. Besides 10 rats in either AP or treatment group were sacrificed 6 hours after the first injection of cerulein,and the rats were all sacri-ficed 24 hours after the first injection. The blood samples and pancreatic tissues of each rat were collected to test serum amylase and lipase activities,or to make hematoxylin - eosin stain for AP pathological scores as well as PKD1 immuno-histochemical staining,respectively. Results TargetScan 7. 1 software analysis showed that miR - 128 - 3p was the po-tential upstream regulatory miRNA of PKD1,which was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene system and Western blot detection. Compared to the normal control group,serum amylase and lipase activities after 6 h exposure to cerulein increased in both AP group and the treatment group[13313. 00(9424. 00 - 15995. 00)U/ L,13552. 00(10399. 50 -18408. 25)U/ L vs. 1430. 50(1214. 25 - 1543. 25)U/ L;547. 00 (515. 00 - 627. 00)U/ L,857. 50(522. 00 -1222. 25)U/ L vs. 34. 00(32. 50 - 34. 75)U/ L],and the differences were significant(χ2 = 8. 715,P < 0. 05;χ2 =9. 115,P < 0. 05),which indicated that the rat models of AP were successfully established. The immunohistochemical scores of PKD1 after 24 h exposure to cerulein decreased in the treatment group[0. 50(0 - 2. 75)scores],compared with the normal control group [4. 00(4. 00 - 8. 00)scores]and the AP group [4. 00(3. 75 - 8. 00)scores],and difference was significant(χ2 = 18. 302,P < 0. 05). Accordingly,the total pathological scores of HE staining decreased significantly in the treatment group,as compared to the AP group (3. 80 ± 0. 85 vs. 6. 90 ± 1. 15,t = 4. 481,P < 0. 01). The results showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue necrosis were significantly improved after miR -128 - 3p treatment. Conclusions miR - 128 - 3p is the upstream regulatory microRNA of PKD1 which protects pan-creata from necrotic injury and inflammatory cell infiltration in PKD1 - mediated acute pancreatitis.

Investigation of depression and anxiety among patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and analysis of the influence factors / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To investigate the status of depression and anxiety in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and the possible influence factors and to provide theoretical support for further psychological intervention. Methods · RSA patients and women with no history of RSA were invited to complete a questionnaire, including basic information, Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). All data were analyzed by SPSS. Results · Of all 1064 cases included in this study, 725 were RSA cases, 217 cases with one spontaneous abortion and 122 in control group with no history of spontaneous abortion. Our results showed that both RSA patients and patients with one spontaneous abortion have significantly higher SDS and SAS scores than control group. Furthermore, non-pregnant RSA patients with lower education level, lower household income and 3-5 years of marriage have significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety. Patients with multiple miscarriages (≥4), history of induced abortion and no live birth, score significantly higher in SDS. Conclusion · Whether pregnant or not, RSA patients are much easier to become depressive and anxious, which may be associated with education level, household income, length of marriage, numbers of pregnancy losses and previous live birth. Women with one spontaneous abortion also show a significant higher tendency of depression and anxiety. These patients should be given proper psychological intervention if necessary.

Effect of aspirin on uterine hemodynamics in patients with early recurrent spontaneous abortion / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To study the hemodynamic parameters of uterine at midluteal phase in patients with early recurrent spontaneous abortion (ERSA) and the effect of aspirin on them. Methods·Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure the parameters of uterine blood flow and the endometrial thickness at midluteal phase of 271 women with ERSA (ERSA group) and 66 women without a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion (control group). Then ERSA group were administered with aspirin 50 mg/d orally for 2 months and other individualized treatment, and the effect of aspirin on parameters of uterine blood flow and the early pregnancy outcome of them were observed. Results·At midluteal phase, the endometrium was significantly thinner in ERSA group than that in control group. Pulsatility index (PI) of endometrial blood flow and mean PI (mPI), mean resistance index (mRI), and mean systolic/diastolic ratio value (mS/D) of uterine arteries were statistically significantly higher in ERSA group in comparison to control group (P<0.05). Following aspirin treatment, resistance to uterine blood flow reduced significantly in ERSA group (P=0.000), and the endometrial thickness increased in the patients with endometrial thickness less than 7 mm (P=0.000). Only 163 ERSA patients were re-examined by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography after aspirin treatment, among whom 136 women was pregnant after individualized treatment. Among these pregnant patients, 97 cases were pregnant for more than or equal to 12 weeks, while 10 cases aborted during the first 12 weeks, and the early pregnancy outcomes of the other 29 cases were still unclear. Conclusion·In comparison with normal fertile women, ERSA patients have significantly higher resistance to uterine blood flow and thinner endometrium. Aspirin can improve uterine blood perfusion, which improves early pregnancy outcome.

Molecular epidemiological characteristics of Human Calicivirus in Kunming city, 2014-2015 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Human Calicivirus (HuCV) infection among children less than 5 years in Kunming city, Yunnan province, it might be provide effective evident for prevention and control the diarrhea related with HuCV infection.@*Methods@#Four sentinel hospitals were recruited in the study from Kunming city, Yunnan province, 850 diarrhea cases and 170 non-diarrhea subject were recruited in this study from 2014 to 2015. RT-PCR was performed to screen HuCV infection, and gene sequencing was used to ensure positive infection subtypes and genotypes.@*Results@#The positive rate of HuCV was higher in children with diarrhea than in non-diarrhea children (11.5%, 98/85; 4.7%, 8/170, χ2=7.083, P=0.008), and the positive rate of Norovirus (NoV) GII was higher in non-diarrhea children were (11.1%, 94/85; 4.7%, 8/170, χ2=6.353, P=0.012). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of NoV GI (0.1%, 1/850; 0.0%, 0/170, P=0.833) and Sappovirus (0.4%, 3/850; 0.0%, 0/170, P=0.578) in diarrhea children and non-diarrhea children. GII.P4 (10%, n=102) was the most important genotype of NoV GII detected in diarrhea and non-diarrhea individuals. Despite no significant difference in Norovirus GII infection between different age groups (χ2=0.038, P=0.846) and sex(χ2=0.620, P=0.733), infection rate of NoV GII varied with season (χ2=9.867, P=0.020), having close relationship with diarrhea in autumn (15.6%), primarily caused by GII.4 and GII.12 genotype (χ2=8.881, P=0.031; χ2=7.917, P=0.039).@*Conclusions@#NoV GII diarrhea had higher epidemic rate, which was caused by multiple genotypes, GII.P4 was a dominant genotype, and was a major pathogenic agent of diarrhea in infants f in Kunming city.

Survey on exercise and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in convalescents of Military sanatorium / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective: To study relationship between exercise and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Methods: A total of 750 military cadres retired or on the job, who received convalescence therapy in Guangzhou sanatorium, were enrolled as survey subjects, and divided into exercise group（488 cases）, and no- exercise group （262 cases）. The cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose（FBS）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）and uric acid were measured. Questionnaires were used to survey mode of exercise, exercise frequency, exercise duration each time and total exercise time in a day. Results: 1. In no-exercise group, levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, FBS, TC and TG were significantly higher than those of exercise group (P60min in a day was significantly lower than that of those with ≤60min (29.41% vs. 45.59%), in subjects whose exercise intensity with RPE（Borg rating of perceived exertion scale）11~15 was significantly lower than that of with RPE 60min/d, Borg rating of perceived exertion scale 11~15, exercise frequency ≥3 times/week and long time persistence are conduce to decrease risk of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged and aged persons.

Evaluation of Patients with Obstruction of Biliary Tract by Multi-Detector Row CT Using Reconstruction Techniques / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose:To evaluate the role of multi - detector row CT(MDCT) using reconstruction techniques in the assessment of patients with obstructed diseases of biliary tract.Materials and Methods: 47 Patients with obstructed diseases of biliary tract confirmed clinically underwent MDCT and their reconstructed images of biliary tract including multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) images and curved planar reconstruction(CPR) images were compared with those of 50 patients without obstruction and dilatation of biliary tract.The display effect of biliary duct structure and biliary duct wall and the display ability of biliary tract by MPR and CPR images between the 2 groups were compared and analysed.The reconstruction images of biliary tract were analysed retrospectively to evaluate the location and possible causes of biliary obstruction.Results: The display effect of biliary duct structure and biliary duct wall in MPR and CPR images of the group with biliary obstruction is better than that of control group,and the display ability of biliary tract in CPR images of the group with biliary obstruction is also better than that of control group.The accuracy of localization and cause evaluation of obstruction by MPR and CPR images is 100% and 89.4% respectively.Conclusions: The MPR and CPR images of MDCT provide a good display of biliary duct structure,biliary duct wall and an accurate evaluation of obstruction localization.The reconstruction technique of MDCT such as MPR and CPR should be widely applied in the evaluation of biliary obstruction.