Research Progress on Anti-atherosclerosis Mechanism of Mongolian Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Atherosclerosis is one of the most common diseases that threaten human health. How to effectively inhibit atherosclerosis， extend the survival time and improve the quality of life has become one of the most urgent issues to be solved clinically. Mongolian medicine， with a long history of managing human diseases， is an important part in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and has distinct ethnic characteristics. It has been gradually formed and developed by absorbing some theories of Tibetan medicine， Indian medicine and relevant knowledge of TCM. Mongolian medicine has many advantages， including but not limited to， low toxicity and diverse structure. However， the action mechanism of Mongolian medicine in preventing and managing atherosclerosis has yet to be fully clarified， which has been a major obstacle for further promotion and application of Mongolian medicine in clinical settings. In this review， the up-to-date research findings on Mongolian medicine were collected， analyzed and summarized， and the anti-atherogenic action mechanism of Mongolian medicine were reviewed from the aspects of anti-inflammatory， lipid-lowering， anti-oxidative stress， vascular endothelial cell protection， and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in gingiva: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

As an aggressive subtype of squamous cell carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) rarely occurs in the oral and maxillofacial region. The gingiva is an unusual site of BSCC. This study reported a 78-year-old male who presented with left maxillary pain. Clinical examination revealed a gingival mass in the left maxilla. Under microscope, the lesion showed typical comedo necrosis and peripheral palisading. Areas of glandular-like structures were also observed. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that the Ki-67 score of BSCC in this case was 28%, and S-100 was positive in some areas. However, P16 and CK7 were negative. Finally, a diagnosis of BSCC was made based on the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. The patient underwent subtotal maxillectomy. After 12 months later, the patient was alive with no evidence of disease. Combined with relevant literature, this article analyzed the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BSCC. Although surgery remains the main treatment in the head and neck region, radiation-chemotherapy should be considered in some human papilloma virus-positive cases.

Study on therapeutic effect and its related mechanism of anemoside B4 on ischemia reperfusion injury induced by renal artery and vein ligation in rats / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect and mechanism of anemoside B4 on renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. A total of 50 rats were randomly divided into the model group(NS) and anemoside B4 low-dose(1.25 mg·kg~(-1)), medium-dose(2.5 mg·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(5 mg·kg~(-1)) groups after the right kidney was removed and the left kidney was ligated to make the ischemia reperfusion model. Another 10 rats were selected as sham operation group only for normal control group(NS, received normal saline). Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure serum blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine(Cre), cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and urinemicroalbumin(mALB) levels after 5 days of tail vein injection treament. Total urine protein and total urinary albu-min were calculated and kidney samples were collected. Histopathological changes of renal tissues were observed by PAS staining. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in renal inflammatory factors related to NLRP3 pathway and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The results showed that the levels of BUN, Cre, urinary total protein and urinary total albumin in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.01), with severe renal tubule injury was serious, manifested by obvious expansion of renal tubules, more serious tubular proteins, and some tubular epithelial cells were exfoliated. At the same time, the expression of inflammatory factors related to NLRP3 pathway and TLR4/NF-κB pathway increased significantly(P<0.01 or P<0.05). The levels of BUN, Cre were reduced in different doses of anemoside B4(P<0.05). The levels of total urinary protein and total urinary albumin were decreased in the low and high dose groups of anemoside B4.The level of total urinary albumin in the high-dose group of anemoside B4 was significantly reduced(P<0.05).Renal tubular injury was alleviated, tubular epithelial cell exfoliation was reduced, and the expression of related inflammatory factors was reduced in different degrees(P<0.01 or P<0.05). This study showed that anemoside B4 could alleviate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. And its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory factors related to response mediated by NLRP3 pathway and TLR4/NF-κB pathway by anemoside B4.

Study on acute kidney injury model induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 中国中药杂志

In this study,in-depth systematic evaluation of rat of acute kidney injury(AKI) caused by renal arteriovenous ligation was conducted to better master and apply this model for drug research. Male SD rats of 2-3 months old were employed in this study.The left kidney was removed,and the right kidney received ligation for 40 min and reperfusion for 24 h. Serum creatinine(Crea),urea nitrogen(BUN) and the renal tissue sections were assayed as the basic indicators to evaluate their renal function. The mRNA expression of inflammatory necrosis factors and apoptotic factors was used to evaluate the mechanism of molecular pathophysiological changes. The results showed that the serum Crea and BUN caused by ligation of both renal arteries and veins were significantly higher than those of rats with renal artery ligation. After renal arteriovenous ligation for 40 min and reperfusion for 24 h in rats,the serum Crea of the rats varied from less than 100 μmol·L-1 to more than 430 μmol·L-1. Among them,5 rats showed less than 100 μmol·L-1 serum Crea,20 rats with 100-200 μmol·L-1 serum Crea and 12 rats with more than 430 μmol·L-1. Rats with serum Crea between 300-430 μmol·L-1 accounted for 66.3%(122/184) of the total number of the experiment rats. After 72 h reperfusion,serum Crea in the group of Crea 370-430 μmol·L-1 continued to increase,while the serum Crea in the group of Crea 200-300 μmol·L-1 and the group of Crea 300-370 μmol·L-1 recovered quickly. No matter serum Crea was elevated or decreased,the renal tubules showed pathological changes such as vacuolar degeneration or even necrosis. The mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptor(TLR4),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) and interleukin(IL-6) in renal tissueswere significantly up-regulated,and the effect was most obvious in the group of serum Crea 370-430 μmol·L-1. The study indicated that the model for AKI caused by renal arteriovenous ligation and reperfusion is easy to operate,and the serum Crea and BUN have the characteristics of continuous increase,beneficial to the observation of drug effects. This acute kidney injury is mainly related to the pathophysiological response of inflammatory necrosis.

Prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia in physical examination group of Zhangjiakou / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia in physical examination group of Zhangjiakou, and to provide evidence for the prevention of hyperuricemia. Methods The physical examination people in the Number One Hospital of Zhangjiakou were selected as the research objects from May 2016 to May 2017 . Their physique indexes such as height, weight and blood pressure were tested, and their blood sample were collected and biochemical indexes such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood uric acid (UA), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were detected. Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of hyperuricemia. Results A total of 17273 examinees were recruited, with the average age of (47.42±14.28) years. There were 10324 men (59.77％) and 6949 women (40.23％) . The prevalence rate of hyperuricemia was 22.14％. The prevalence rate of hyperuricemia in men was 28.39％, higher than that of women (12.87％) (P<0.001) . Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity/overweight (OR=2.206, 95％ CI: 1.986-2.450), high TG (OR=2.089, 95％CI: 1.903-2.293) and high TC (OR=1.121, 95％CI: 1.006-1.249) were risk factors of the male patients with hyperuricemia, while the elderly (OR=0.982, 95％CI: 0.979-0.985) and high FPG (OR=0.657, 95％ CI: 0.587-0.736) were protective factors. The risk factors of the female patients with hyperuricemia were the elderly (OR=1.008, 95％CI: 1.001-1.014), obesity/overweight (OR=2.193, 95％CI: 1.864-2.579), high FPG (OR=1.379, 95％CI: 1.128-1.687) and high TG (OR=2.209, 95％ CI: 1.879-2.597) . Conclusion The prevalence of hyperuricemia among residents in Zhangjiakou of Hebeiis high. Overweight / obesity and high TG are the risk factors for hyperuricemia.

Effect of Ginsenoside-rg1 on Rat's Cardiomyocytes With its Mechanism of Signal Pathwayin vitro / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of ginsenoside-rg1 (G-Rg1) on rat’s cardiomyocytes H9c2 with its mechanism of signal pathwayin vitro. Methods: H9c2 cells were cultured and treated in different conditions by following groups:①Blank control group,②Hypoxia alone group, the cells were treated for (2, 6, 12, 24, 48) hr respectively,③G-Rg1 group, the cells were treated by G-Rg1 at (5, 10, 50) μmol/L respectively,④YC-1 group, which is the speciifc inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α),⑤YC-1 + G-Rg1 group,⑥Wortmannin group, which is the speciifc inhibitor for protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and⑦Wortmannin + G-Rg1 group. Each experiment was conducted with 5 replicates. The effects of G-Rg1, hypoxia and YC-1 on cell activity and injury were studied; intracellular mRNA expressions of HIF-1α, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were examined by RT-PCR; protein expressions of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, HO-1, activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and Akt with its signal pathway factors were measured by Western blot analysis. Results: The time of hypoxia was negatively related to cell activity (r=-0.8580,P Conclusion: G-Rg1 may protect rat’s H9c2 cellsin vitro by activating expressions of HIF-1α with its downstream factors and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, which might be related to the effect of G-Rg1 on Akt activation.

Expression of T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 on lymphocytes from Henoch-Schoenlein purpura patients

To investigate T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 [Tim-3] and its ligand galectin-9 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] from Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura [HSP] patients. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [PCR] was used to examine the mRNA expression of Tim-3 and its ligand galectin-9 in PBMCs from HSP patients. ELISA methods were used to examine the levels of serum IFN-gamma and immunoglobulin A1 [IgA1]. The Spearman rank test was used for correlation analysis between Tim-3, galectin-9 mRNA expression and serum IFN-gamma and IgA1 levels, respectively. The results showed that Tim-3 and galectin-9 mRNA expression was obviously higher in patients, which was closely correlated with serum IFN-gamma and IgA1, respectively. The results suggested that Tim-3/Tim-3L may be related to the pathogenesis of HSP

Interaction between hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide on cardiac protection in rats with metabolic syndrome / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the interaction between hydrogen sulfide (H2S)/cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) system and nitric oxide (NO)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system on cardiac protection in metabolic syndrome (MS) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, MS group, H2S donor group, CSE inhibitor group, NOS inhibitor group, and NO donor group. The MS rat model was established by a high-fat diet of 16 weeks. Rats in control and MS groups were subjected to normal saline and the other four groups were respectively subjected to sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 56 μmol/kg), D,L-propargylglycine (PPG, 37.5 mg/kg), Nψ-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 18 mg/kg), L-Arginine (500 mg/kg) every day. Four weeks later, the obesity indices, blood sugar of oral glucose tolerance test in each time point (0,30,60, and 120 minutes) and blood lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) were measured. The computer-based electrophysiological recorder system was used to measure the changes of the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the maximal rate of pressure increase in the contraction phase (+dP/dtmax), and the maximal rate of pressure decrease in the diastole phase (-dP/dtmax). H2S and NO concentration in plasma and myocardium, as well as CSE, constitutive NOS (cNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS) activities in myocardium were measured with colorimetric method. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the gene expression of CSE and endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNAs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with control group, the obesity indices, blood sugar at each time point, and blood lipids significantly increased in MS group (P<0.05). H2S and NO concentration in plasma and myocardium, CSE and cNOS activities in myocardium, the expressions of CSE mRNA and eNOS mRNA, and the myocardial function significantly decreased in MS group (P<0.05). Compared with MS group, NO concentration in plasma and myocardium, cNOS and iNOS activities in myocardium, and the expression of eNOS mRNA significantly increased in CSE inhibitor group (P<0.05). However, activities of cNOS and iNOS in myocardium and the expression of eNOS mRNA were significantly decreased in H2S donor group (P<0.01), while the myocardial function significantly increased (P<0.05). H2S concentration in plasma and myocardium, and the expression of CSE mRNA significantly increased in NOS inhibitor group (P<0.05). However, in NO donor group, the CSE activity in myocardium and the expression of CSE mRNA significantly decreased (P<0.05). And the myocardial function was improved significantly (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both the H2S/CSE and NO/NOS systems appear to have a mutual down-regulation effect on myocardium in MS rats. Meanwhile, exogenous H2S and NO supplement is cardioprotective in rat model of MS.</p>

Utility of CT Scan in Detection of Melamine - Associated Urinary Stones.

Objective To detail the utility of CT scan in detection of urinary stones induced by melamine tainted formula. Material and Methods A total of 1062 children fed with melamine-contaminated infant formula were screened for urinary stones in our institute from September through December 2008. Ultrasonography of the urinary tract system was performed in all these children. If the children with suspected stones or severe obstruction were presented after ultrasound examination, themulti-detector row CTurographic examination was advocated subsequently. Results Ultrasound examination in combination with multidetector row CT urography could increase the diagnostic rate from 3.4% (36/1062) by ultrasound examination alone to 4.6% (49/1062). Conclusions The specificity and sensitivity of the multidetector row CT urographic examination is higher than ultrasonography.

Preparation of Shuxiong micropellets by centrifugal granulation technology / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare shuxiong micropellets.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Shuxiong micropellets were prepared by using a centrifugal granulator. The formulation composition and process factors were optimized investigated by adopting several indices such as size distribution, repose angle, bulk density and friability as indexes.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimal process parameters were as follows. The ratio of fine intermediate product and MCC was 3:1 (w/w), the adhesive agent was 3% HMPC solution, the rotating rate of plate was 200 r x min(-1), the blower rate was 15 x 20 L x min(-1), the rate of air flow was 15 L x min(-1), the spray air pressure was 0.5 MPa, the rotating of spray solution pump was 5-25 r x min(-1) and the rotating rate of powder feed machine was 5-25 r x min(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under the optimal conditions, micropellets prepared by using centrifugal granulator hadpossessed prefect shape and surface characteristics and the yield of shuxiong pellets was 90.5%.</p>