Some factors associated with obesity among Saudi women

The aim of this study was to find out some of social, dietary and health factors associated with obesity in women in Jeddah, Saudie Arabia. The study included 604 women aged 25-55 years.The women were interviewed at health centers and hospital in Jeddah, using a pretested quertiannaire. Women were divided into four categories, based on BMI; underweight, normal, overweight and obese. The results showed that 33% and 38% of women were overweight and obese, respectively. The obesity was high among women with low education, married, and with multi-pregnancies. There was a positive association between hypertension and obesity. A reverse situation was observed, as none obese women were more likely to consume fast foods and eat outside home. Availability of housemaid at home, physical activity and smoking were also had an association with obesity in women. It was concluded that obesity is influenced by several social, health and dietary factors, and this create the needs to in-depth investigation on the factors responsible for the high prevalence of obesity in women in Saudi Arabia

Early generation testing for vegetative and yield characters in thirty Egyptian cotton populations

Thirty F3 families, derived from selfed F2 plants of four crosses among six Egyptian cotton varieties, twenty five lines descending from three-way crosses, i.e., seven from [[Giza70 x Giza 80] x Dandra], eleven from [[Giza 80 x Giza83] x Giza45], seven from [[Giza70 x Giza 83] x Giza 88] and five lines descending from the single cross [Giza 80 x Giza88], and two check Giza 45 and Giza 80 were evaluated in a yield trial at "The Experimental Research Station" of the National Research Centre at Shalakan El-Kalyoubia Governorate in 2005. Results revealed highly significant differences between genotypes for all traits except total nodes per plant. The range of internode length varied from 4.35cm to 7.1cm with overall mean 5.39 cm. Only two genotypes had short internode length than the check variety Giza 45. The phenotypic coefficients of variation [PCV] were generally higher than its corresponding genotypic coefficients of variation [GCV]. No great difference between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was detected for boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint yield per plant and lint percentage indicating a great chance of further improvement by selection. High broad sense heritability estimates were observed for boll weight [85.1%], seed cotton yield [78.0%] and lint yield [77.2%], while moderate heritability values were found for number of open boils per plant [69.6%], lint percentage [61.6%], monopodia per plant [49.0%], internode length [42.30%], and plant height [41.6%]. High heritability was associated with high genetic advance in number of open bolls per plant [69.6% and 64.87%] seed cotton yield [78.0% and 60.69%] and lint yield [77.2% and 60.39%], proving the presence of sufficient genetic variability which help the cotton breeder to exploit it by practice most effective selection in early generations. Classical selection indices values showed that the most superior lines that should be selected are 10, 13, 17, 12 and 15, they had the highest mean performance for all traits. These genotypes were selected from the offspring of the three- way cross [[Giza 80 x Giza 83] x Giza 45]. Three-way crosses may be considered as a good tool to obtain a better homozygous progenies when tested in early generation

Evaluation of 32 F5 families derived from two interspecific Cotton crosses for late planting

32 F 5 Families derived from two interspecific cotton crosses, three parental lines and two check varieties were evaluated in season 2003 under three planting dates March 24, April 22 and May 20 at the Experimental Farm of the National Research Centre at Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt. This was done in an attempt to; select short season cotton genotypes suitable for late cultivation after winter crops [such as bean or wheat] in Southern Delta and Upper Egypt and, to study the association between all studied traits and to identify the superior genotypes using classical selection index. Results obtained indicated that planting dates mean squares were found to be highly significant for all traits studied except position of first fruiting node. Genotypes mean squares were found to be highly significant for all traits evaluated under the three sowing dates and combined data. Combined analysis over three planting dates revealed highly significant genotypes x environment interactions for all traits except position of the first fruiting node. The average number of days to first flower for all populations studied were significantly decreased as planting date was delayed.Correlation coefficients between all possible pairs of traits studied were different in magnitudes from one planting date to another, also, the genotypic correlations were mostly higher in magnitudes than the phenotypic correlations. Path analysis revealed that boll number / plant had the highest direct effect on seed cotton yield followed by boll weight at the three sowing dates. Estimated value of selection index indicated that the ranking of cotton genotypes are not identical in the three sowing dates. It could be concluded that four lines [1,7, 14 and 27] selected in the late planting date may be exploited in breeding early cotton genotypes which tolerate heat stress in squaring, flowering and boll formation periods

Estimation of genetic parameters in the F1 and F2 generations of diallel crosses of bread wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]

A half diallel analysis of crosses among seven bread wheat varieties were usedto estimate combining ability, genetic components of variation and carry outgraphical analysis for days to heading, plant height, number of spikes/plant,main spike length, number of spikelets/spike, grain weight/spike, 1000-grainweight and grain yield/plant in the F1 and F2 generations. Highly significantdifferences among genotypes, parents and crosses were observed for all traitsin both generations. General and specific combining ability variances werehighly significant for all traits in the two generations indicating theimportance of both additive and non additive gene effects in the inheritanceof the traits studied. The estimated values of dominance components [H1 andH2] were found to be highly significant for all traits studied and higher inmagnitude in the F2 than in the F1. The three long spiked varieties [Sids 5,Sids 7 and Sids 8] were good general combiners for earliness, plant height,main spike length, grain weight/spike and number of spikelets/spike in the twogenerations, except Sids 8 in the F2 for the latter trait. Gimmeza 3 and Sids7 were the best general combiners for 1000-grain weight. The best generalcombiner for grain yield/plant and some of its components was the selectedline followed by Gimmeza-3. Estimates of F values revealed an excess ofdominant alleles in the parental lines for days to heading and grainweight/spike in the two generations. The best specific combinations for grainyield and some of its components were detected in both generations in ninecrosses. Graphical analysis revealed that partial dominance was found fordays to heading, plant height, main spike length and grains weight/spike inboth generations. Overdominance played an important role in the inheritanceof grain yield in both generations. The distribution of parental arrays alongthe regression line were widely scattered for all traits studied indicatinggenetic diversity among the parents. The relative order of the points of theseven parents along the regression line were different from one generation toanother. The results recommended using the two wheat varieties Gimmeza 3 andSids 7 and the best five hybrid combinations Giza 157 x Sids 5, Sakha 69 xSids 5, Gimmeza 3 x Sids 8 and the selected line with each of Sids 5 and Sids8 as the most promising genotypes in a future breeding program for developingnew bread wheat cultivars possessing high yielding potentiality

study on age changes in the cartilages of albino rats using protein S-100 antibody

Postnatal samples of the knee joints of different ages of albino rats were taken and fixed by formalin. Specimens were decalcified and exposed to peroxidase anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique using S-100 protein as an antibody. In young ages, the chondrocytes were S-100 negative and in adult ages there was positive immunoreactivity in these cells. The positivity disappeared in the old ages, this means that immunoreaction to S-100 protein is localized to the adult normal chondrocytes of the inner core of the articular cartilages. The ageing changes in the cartilage led to disappearance of this positivity. Further investigation is recommended using antirheumatic drugs to show if this positivity returns to these cells with therapy

Osteoarthrosis in patients with chronic haemodialysis

This work aimed to study the frequency, the clinical and radiological pattern of osteoarthritis in hemodialyzed patients. Also, to find out the correlations between such features and age and determine the predisposing factors of osteoarthritis in such patients. The results showed that 52% of patients had one or more joint symptoms. The most commonly affected joint was the knee followed by the hands. The polyarticular affection was detected frequently than the oligoarticular and monoarticular forms. The classical radiological pattern of osteoarthritis was detected in 40% in the hands, 31.5% in the knees and 5.6% in the sacroiliac joint. The features of osteoarthritis in the hemodialyzed patients had another radiological pattern which differs from the classical one with joint space narrowing, periarticular erosion and less marked osteophytes formation and subchondral sclerosis. Also, the age of patients with osteoarthritis was low [38.2 +/- 7.4 years] in patients with hemodialysis

Local Hydrocortisone injection versus infra-red laser therapy in tennis elbow

This study was carried out on 40 patients suffering from tennis elbow according to the diagnostic features mentioned by Adams [1975], Each patient was submitted to clinical assesment before and after 1 and 3 months of treatment in the form of pain score and joint tenderness, The patients were randomly classified into 4 groups Group I; Placebo-group comprised 9 patients Group II, comprised 9 patients were received local injection of 20 mg of triamicinolone acetonide aqueous suspension every week for 4 weeks. Group III: Comprised 10 cases were received probe type of infra-red [I.R.] laser for a total number of 12 sessions taking place every other day. Group IV: Comprised 13 cases were received combination of probe type of I.R. laser and local injection of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous suspension.Comparing the efficacy of these three methods in treating tennis elbow. It was found that in group I: there was a nonsignificant improvement of pain and tenderness scores after I and 3 months. In group II: a significant improvement in both pain and tenderness scores after 1 month and pain score after 3 months, and a nonsignificant improvement in tenderness score after 3 months. In group III: a significant improvement in both pain and tenderness scores after 1 month, and a nonsignificant improvement in pain and tenderness scores after 3 months.In group IV; a high significant improvement in pain and tenderness scores after 1 month and tenderness score after 3 months, and a signficant improvement in pain score after 3 months

analytical study of 2902 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis over twelve years in Assiut governorate

All patients with acute anterior poliomyelitis presenting to the Assiut University Hospital and Assiut Rehabilitation Center over 12 years, from 1978 to 1989, were examined clinically according to the usual poliomyelitis sheet. This study comprises 2902 patients of whom 60.7% were males and 39.3% were females. Concerning the age of affection by the disease we found that 82.6% of the cases between the age of 6 and 24 months and only 1.4% of the cases receiving more than 3 doses of vaccination. The lower limbs is the most common part to be affected [98.5%] and the most common affected muscles are the knee extensors [91.8%] the hip adductors [82.9%] and the ankle dorsiflexors [80.6%]

Effects of infra red laser on the synovium of mice an experimental study

The knee joint of 15 mice were exposed to daily doses of infra-red laser. Five animals were killed after 10, 20 and 30 days of application with an equal number of age matched controls. Histological examination was carried out on paraffin sections stained with Hx, and E. The number of villar profiles of the synovial membrane in the joint were calculated. The volume and surface densities of the synovial membrane in the joint were calculated using stereological techniques. The vascularization of the synovial membrane was also examined. It was found that laser had an enhancing effect on the number of villar profiles, volume and surface densities of the synovial membrane all over the ages. Also, it had an enhancing effect on the vascularization of the synovial membrane all over the ages. The growth pattern of the synovial membrane was preserved. It was concluded that laser application, in therapeutic doses, did not disturb the structural architecture of the synovial membrane and has an enhancing effect on the growth pattern of the synovial membrane

role of bacteroides melaninogenicus in cattle foot rot

Sixty-seven biopsy specimens collected from feet of 54 cows suffered clinically from foot rot were examined aerobically and anaerobically to investigate the bacteria involved. Bacteroides melaninogenicus was isolated from foot rot lesions in cattle, moreover Corynebacterium pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus also isolated. Hematological and biochemical investigation of the infected animals revealed a significant increase in white blood cell count, monocytes percentage, SGOT, alkaline phosphatases activities. Yet, on contrary, there was a significant decrease in the levels of serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and hemoglobin concentration. However, early treatment of bovine foot rot is beneficial, when the local lesion, after curetting packed with sulphanilamide and covered with tar. Parenteral administration with penicillin streptomycin mixtures in a high dosages proved to be effective in the treatment of acute bovine foot rot than sulphademedine 33% or terramycin 100