Effectiveness of rhythmic games on social skills of children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder

Background and Objective: Attention deficit hyperactive disorder [ADHD] is commnest psychological disorders in children. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of rhythmic games on social skills of children with ADHD

Methods: In this quasi -experimental study with pretest, post test and follow up with control group, 30 boys student with ADHD were non-randomly divided into the two groups. Conners rating scale and social skills checklist were used

Results: Social skills significantly increased in ADHD students and this effectiveness continued in follow up stage [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Play therapy is effective on social skills of children with ADHD

The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ossification / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are two closely correlated processes during bone growth, development, remodelling and repair.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential mediator during the process of angiogenesis. Based on an extensive literature search, which was carried out using the PubMed database and the keywords of osteogenesis, VEGF, endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification, this manuscript reviews the role of VEGF in ossification, with emphasis on its effect in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are closely correlated processes. VEGF acts as an essential mediator during these processes. It not only functions in bone angiogenesis but also in various aspects of bone development.

Initial prodrome description in recent onset schizophrenia

Initial prodromal phase is gaining increasing significance for early detection, management and prognosis of recent onset psychosis. The present work aimed to assess and describe the prodromal phase in subjects with recent onset schizophrenia. 43 cases of recent onset schizophrenia were collected on outpatient basis and diagnosed according to ICD-10 DRC [WHO, 1993]. A prodrome questionnaire to subject and informant was used to assess prodromal phase retrospectively. Results showed that 30 cases [69.9%] had prodrome reported either by subject only [3 cases 7%], informant only [13 cases 30.2%] or by both subject and informant [14 cases, 32.6%]. The duration of the prodrome reported by subjects ranged from 30- 1825 days [5 years] [mean = 475.6 days, SD = +/- 495.1]. The duration of the prodrome reported by informants ranged from 30- 1095 days [3 years] [mean =361.1 days, SD = +/- 356.7]. Prodromal symptoms, most commonly reported by subjects, were: Suspiciousness and Social withdrawal, followed by Ideas of references and Insomnia. Prodromal symptoms, most commonly reported by informants, were: Social withdrawal, Impaired functioning, followed by Somatic symptoms, Anxiety and Decreased appetite. Recent onset schizophrenic patients experienced an initial prodromal phase that may vary from weeks to many years in duration. Prodrome can present with negative prodromal signs, positive symptoms and/or non-specific symptoms. The more prolonged prodromes are associated with more insidious onset and more impairment of functioning

Neuropsychological assessment of global and specific cognitive functions in children with epilepsy

Impairment of cognitive functions is an important problem in epileptic children that can burden their learning abilities and academic achievement. The present study aims at assessment of cognitive functions in epileptic children and to explore the relation of various neuropsychological functions to other variables such as seizure type, frequency, duration of epilepsy, EEG changes and antiepileptic drugs. The study included 58 epileptic children, 6-12 years old [39 males and 19 females]. All children were subjected to detailed history, full neurological and psychiatric examination, EEG and a battery of psychometric tests. Results confirmed that epileptic children have significant impairment in cognitive functions and this impairment is most evident in females, generalized seizures, higher frequency of seizures, right sided focus in EEG, poor seizure control and poly therapy

comparative study on structured continuing medical education programs with 25 and 5 credit points according to the viewpoints of general physicians in Golestan province

Since the year 2004, structured Continuing Medical Education [CME] programs with 25 credit points were each divided into five programs of 5 credit points which were shorter in duration. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative study on the two programs, in terms of program success, relevance to professional needs, and participants' satisfaction. This descriptive study was carried out on four programs with 25 credit points during the year 2003 and four programs with 5 credit points during the year 2004 in Golestan province. The tool used for this research was a questionnaire designed by the ministry of health for the evaluation of CME programs which were completed by the participants at the end of each session. The questions were arranged in three sections: the success of the programs in strengthening the previous information and presenting new scientific topics, the relevance of programs content with participant's professional needs, and their satisfaction with the programs. The sample size for the three-day programs [25 credits] was 121 persons and for one-day programs [5 credits] was 64. Data analysis [descriptive analysis and Mann-Whitney test] was done using SPSS software. One-day programs were considered as successful according to 76.9% of the participants, while 59.6% of participants rated the three-day programs as successful. Seventy five and nine percent of participants of one-day and 57.4% of three-day programs considered the contents relevant to their profes-sional needs. Seventy nine and seven percent of participants, in one-day and 66.2% in three-day programs were satisfied with the programs. There was a statistically significant difference between the success, relevance, and the satisfaction between one-day and three-day programs. The results of this research indicate that as a whole the success rate of 5-point CME programs was better than 25-point ones. This could be attributed to their better focus on subjects, shorter duration, and more diversity in topics. Therefore it is suggested that CME organizers, focus their efforts to increase the diversity and quantity of one-day CME programs for general physicians by using new scientific resources

Effect of storage temperature on the keeping quality of oil adjuvanted FMD vaccine

In this study, inactivated oil FMD vaccine adjuvanted with ISA 206 was prepared. Guinea pig potency testing was applied to determine the ultimate shelf life of oil adjuvanled FMD vaccine, at different conditions of storage temperatures. Our results revealed that guinea pig potency of oil FMD vaccine stored at 4C was 40.7, 40.7, 31.6, 20, 20, 15.8, 10.47, 1.58 at 0, 3, 6,12,15,18, 21, 24 months respectively. While if the vaccine bottle was left at room temperature its guinea pig potency estimates was 40.7,40.7, 20, 15.8, 1.99 at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 days respectively. From the previous results, it was found that the ultimate shelf life of oil FMD vaccine is not less than 18 months at 4 C. While if the vaccine bottle is left at room temperature its shelf will be markedly decreased to not more than 3 days. So FMD vaccine must be properly shipped, stored and handled at 4C

Investigation of lipid constituents of pods of caesalpinia puicherrima L., aerial parts of suaedapruinosa forsk. and antimicrobial activity of their methanolic extracts

Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. [C.P.] "ponicina" family Fabaeace and Suaeda pruinosa [S.P] were studied. The dried powdered pods of C.p. and fresh aerial parts of S.p. Forssk, each were repeatedly extracted with light petroleum [40-60 C] and methanol. The isolated lipid fractions were investigated for their hydrocarbons, sterol and fatty acid components by GLC. Also, the methanolic extracts of both plants were tested for their activities against Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria and fungi

Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of acute cholecystitis

Laparoscopic cholecysteqtomy is increasingly employed, in patients with acute cholecystitis. Its role and its timing in the management of acute cholecystitis, however remain controversial. The current study compared the results of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of acute cholecystitis. From July 1999 to: July 2003, 32 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in the Department of General Surgery in El-Minia University Hospitals. Seventeen patients had laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed within 3 days of the onset of the attack [early group], whereas 15 patients were treated conservatively, discharged, and readmitted for surgery after an interval of 3 months [delayed group]. The demographic data and laboratory results on admission were comparable between the two groups. The medical treatment during the acute phase consisted of intravenous fluid infusion, antibiotics and nasogastric tube. The early group required modifications in operative technique more significantly [p<0.001]. The conversion rate was significantly higher in the early versus delayed surgery. The minor complication rate was similar. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy required a longer operative time [145.6+/-53.3 vs 110+/-46.3 minutes; p<0.05] and longer postoperative hospital stay [4.7+/-3.3 vs. 2.6+/-1.3 days; p<0.005] but reduced the total hospital stay [7.7+/-3.8 vs 15.6+/-9.8 days; p<0.001]. In conclusion, both early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomies are safe and effective for the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Early surgery is technically demanding and time consuming and involves a longer postoperative hospital stay. However, its advantage is a markedly reduced total hospital stay

Stapled versus excision haemorrhoidectomy: randomized controlled trial

The stapled haemorrhoidectomy is supposed to have less postoperative pain, short operating time and an early return to full activity. The aim of the present study is to compare the outcome of stapled versus excision haemorrhoidectomy in a randomized controlled trial over a period of one year between January 2000 and January 2001, in El-Minia University Hospital. Forty patients with third and fourth degree haemorrhoids are randomized to undergo either stapled or excision haemorrhoidectomy. The main outcome measures are operating time, postoperative pain [measured by visual analog scale], hospital stay, histologic features,. morbidity, continence, recovery time [return to full activity] and haemorrhoidal recurrence at one year. Stapled versus excision haemorrhoidectomy is associated with a significant reduced operating time [25 vs.38 minutes; P<0.001], reduced postoperative pain scores [visual analog scores] during the first 24 h, at the time of the first motion and at one week after operation [P<0.001] and earlier return to full activity [21 vs.42; P<0.001]. There are no differences for stapled versus excision haemorrhoidectomy in length of hospital stay [2.5 vs.2.4], complication rate, and recurrence rate. Stapled haemorrhoidectomy is a safe and reliable procedure in the treatment of third and fourth degree haemorrhoids. It offers a similar clinical outcome, as excision haemorrhoidectomy while offering a significantly shorter operating time, significantly reduced postoperative pain, an early return to activity

Pleural effusion: criteria for distinction between transudates and exudates

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of the new biochemical criteria proposed to discriminate pleural transudates from exudates and to compare their efficiency with those of Light's criteria as well as to study the effect of diuretics on different biochemical parameters among cases with transudative pleural effusion. A total of 110 patients with pleural effusion was included in the study. All patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, chest X-ray and ultrasound and Doppler echocardiography. Pleural fluid and blood samples were examined for the measurement of total proteins, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], cholesterol, cholinesterase, bilirubin and serum pleural fluid albumin gradient [SPAG]. Forty patients had transudative effusion, while 70 had exudative effusion. Among patients with transudates, the biochemical criteria were reevaluated after diuretic therapy. SPAG was the most specific biochemical parameter in identifying exudates, while pleural/serum cholinesterase ratio was the most sensitive one. Moreover, both parameters were more accurate than Light's criteria in the differentiation between transudates and exudates. Diuretics had a significant effect on Light's criteria with a conversion of transudates into pseudo-exudates in many cases; in contrast, diuretics had no significant effect on SPAG, cholinesterase ratio, bilirubin ratio, pleural cholesterol and pleural/serum cholesterol ratio

Severity of dentofacial deformity, the motivations and the outcome of surgery in skeletal Class III patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between severity of skeletal Class III malocclusion and the patient's emotional status, as well as motivation for seeking surgical correction and satisfaction with the outcome of the surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty consecutive Chinese patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who had been treated with a combined orthodontic and surgical approach were studied. Sixty-seven percent (40 males and 54 females) responded to a questionnaire. Fifty-four percent had two jaw deformities, 32% mandibular hyperplasia and 14% maxillary hypoplasia. Surgical procedures: 77% received two jaw surgeries, 15% maxillary advancement and 8% mandibular setback. This was a retrospective study based on questionnaires with numerical scale ranked answers (0: not at all; 1: a little; 2: moderately; 3: quite a bit; and 4: extremely).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ANB angle was significantly negatively correlated with feelings about the nickname related to their facial problems (embarrassment: gamma =-0.30, P < 0.01; worn out gamma =-0.32, P < 0.01; angry gamma =-0.24, P < 0.05). ANB angle also had a significant negative correlation with the reasons for having the surgery (pressure from their friends: gamma =-0.21, P < 0.05, and referred by physician: gamma =-0.24, P < 0.05). Changes in life style as a result of surgery were significantly negatively correlated with the ANB angle before treatment, positive influence on relationships with the opposite sex (gamma =-0.25, P < 0.05), positive influence in social activities (gamma =-0.22, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The psychological status before surgery and the outcome following orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion were closely related to severity of the malocclusion.</p>

Tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator. Inhibitor in stressed newborns

Stressed newborns have an increased prevalence of thrombotic disease. Estimation of tissue-type plasminogen activator [tPA] antigen and activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI] antigen and activity, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time [PT] and partial thromboplastin time [PTT] were determined in fifteen stressed and fifteen normal neonates. The stressed group showed significantly higher levels of [tPA] antigen and activity. Also [PAI] antigen and activity were significantly elevated in stressed neonates. On the other hand fibrinogen concentration, showed in significant decrease in stressed neonates. Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time showed insignificant prolongation in stressed babies. This study proved that stressed neonates increase [tPA] and activate lytic system. However, the activity is suboptimal due to associated increase in [PAI]

Comparative study on the stability of palm and local commercial oils during heating and frying processes

In this study, the development of heating and frying periods for both investigated oils conduced increased the acidity, saponification, peroxide, and TBA values; while unsaturation decreased. The increasing rates of peroxide and TBA values were higher in local oil than in the imported one, while the incremental rates of color and acid values were more remarkable in palm olein than local one, with the exception of the color of local sample which became more light at the end of heating period. Concerning the changes in the fatty acids composition, noticeable increases for stearic acid content [18: 0] were obtained after heating and frying periods of 40 hours in both studied oils. Data also showed a decrease in the unsaturated fatty acids [18: 1, 18: 2], this decrement was more remarkable after frying process comparing with the heating process. Generally, the linoleic acid [18: 2] showed the greatest decrease in concentration due to both thermal processes

Cardioprotective effect of calcium channel blocers [verapamil] during ischemia/reperfusion after acute haemorrhage

An in-vitro study was designed to focus on effects of verapamil on the metabolic potential of cardiac slices after reversible ischemia in rats. The study included two main groups: Group A, non ischemia/reperfusion group and group B, ischemia/reperfusion group. Each was subdivided into two subgroups [a and b], each subgroup included ten experiments. Ischemic cardiac slices were obtained from rats subjected to 10 min hemorrhage to induce reversible global ischemia. The results revealed that there was an enhancement in the release of free fatty acids, and lactate and in glucose uptake in group Ba as compared with group Aa. These metabolic alternations produced by ischemic cardiac slices were revealed by verapamil addition but in group Ab, verapamil did not alter the release of FFA and lactate from non- ischemic cardiac slices, whereas it inhibited glucose uptake from these slices. The improvement of the metabolic alternation of ischemic myocardium indicates that verapamil may be of importance in reducing the extent and severity of acute myocardial ischemic injury in acute hemorrhage

Influence of different protein diets on lipids pattern in albino rats

Five groups of rats were fed separately diets containing 12% protein [soybean, cottonseed, protylan and their mixture of equal amounts] as well as casein as a standard protein diet. The experiment continued for 6 weeks and blood samples were taken before the initiation of the experiment and after 3 and 6 weeks in order to determine total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and lipoprotein fractions. It was concluded that soybean and cottonseed protein diet caused an elevation in cholesterol, triglycerides and beta-lipoproteins, whereas a significant decrease in phospholipids was observed. Protylan protein diet decreased serum total lipids. The mixture protein diet was mostly identical to casein diet as a control where no effect on serum lipids was observed

Effect of prostaglandins on catecholamine induced changes in the free fatty acids of plasma in the rabbit

Prostaglandins E[1], E[2], E[3] and F[1] alpha were given intravenously to anesthetize rabbits during continuous infusion of norepinephrine. PGE[2] and PGE[3] in doses of 5 micrograms all significantly reduced the arterial concentration of free fatty acids of plasma [FFA], while the same dose of PGF[1] alpha had no significant effect. Continuous intraarterial infusions of PGE[1] during continuous infusion of norepinephrine had a more pronounced effect on FFA than continuous intravenous infusion. Infusion of PGE[1], almost completely blocked the usual increase of FFA caused by epinephrine, PGE[1]diminished the plasma glucose response to epinephrine only slightly. Studies on the turnover rate of FFA with labeled albumin bound palmitate showed that PGE[1]completely blocked the norepinephrine induced stimulation of lipid mobilization. Infusion of PGE[1]during continous infusion of norepinephrine also decreased the elevated plasma glycerol concentration