Evaluation of surface characteristics of denture base using organic-inorganic hybrid coating: an SEM study

Statement of Problem: Despite the numerous positive features of acrylic denture base, there are a number of undeniable associated disadvantages. The properties of denture base have been improved through various interventions including application of different types of filler and coatings

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness, thickness and coating quality of organic-inorganic coating on the denture base through scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the colour change was evaluated visually

Materials and Methods: The organic-inorganic hybrid coatings were prepared. Acrylic discs of 10x10 mm were fabricated. The test discs were dipped in the hybrid coating and cured. In order to evaluate the surface roughness and coating thickness, the surface and cross-section of the samples in both coated and control groups were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. The colour change and transparency were visually evaluated with naked eyes. The data were statistically analyzed by student's t test

Results: The hybrid materials perfectly covered all the surfaces of acrylic resin and established proper thickness. The coated group seemed smoother and flatter than the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant [for all parameters p > 0.05]. It was quite a thin coating and no perceptible colour change was observed

Conclusions: The hybrid coating maintained good binding, caused no noticeable discoloration, and thoroughly covered the acrylic resin surface with uniform delicate thickness. It also slightly improved the acrylic resin surface roughness

Toxoplasma gondii infection in neonates

To study toxoplasmosis in neonates using PCR and serological methods. Sera and CSF of 104 neonates, hospitalized in infants' ward of Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran were examined. The sera were examined for anti Toxoplasma gondii lgM and lgG specific antibodies with ELISA and IFA techniques, respectively. Meanwhile, obtained CSFs of the cases were evaluated for the genome of this parasite by PCR technique. Results showed positivity in 7 neonates [6.73%] which suggested congenital toxoplasmosis. Results of PCR were positive in 6 neonates [5.77%]. The 1/100 titer of lgM specific antibodies was positive in 5[4.81%] of them by IFA technique and 6 neonates [5.77%] had positive results by ELISA technique for IgM specific. The rate of mortality was 0.96%. Forty one neonates had 1/200 titer of specific lgG antibodies by IFA technique and 38 neonates had positive results by ELISA technique for IgG antibodies. The prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in mother was 32.7% and 30% by IFA and ELISA techniques, respectively. Toxoplasmosis is still highly prevalent in neonates and should be considered due to the fact that suspected cases might be misdiagnosed and subsequently led to life- threatening or fatal condition

[Comparison between IFA and ELISA technique with PCR method in the diagnosis of toxoplasma gondi parasite in infants admitted at Taleghani hospital]

Background: there are some methods to detect toxoplasma in infected patients. In this survey we compared sensitivity of two methods of IFA and ELISA

Material and methods: in this survey the sera of 106 newborn infants from 1 day to 1 month age who were suspected to congenital toxoplasmosis and were hospitalized in infants' ward of Taleghani hospital were evaluated for IgM and IgG specific antibodies with ELISA and IFA techniques respectively. At the same time blood/CSF or both of them were evaluated for genome of this parasite by PCR techniques in 115 suspected infants

Results: results of PCR were positive in 6 infants [%5.22] which suggested congenital Toxoplasmosis. The 1/100 titer of IgM specific antibodies was positive in 5 or them by IFA technique. If we suggest that PCR is gold standard technique for Toxoplasmosis diagnosis so the sensitivity of 1/100 titer of IgM antibodies by IFA technique would be 83.3 percent and because no other infants had a positive result so the specificity of this test would be 100 percent

Conclusion: all 6 infected infants had a positive result from ELISA technique for IgM specific antibodies so the sensitivity of this test was 100 percent .Because no other infants had a positive result, so the specificity of this test was 100 percent. 41 infants had 1/200 titer of specific IgG antibodies by IFA technique. With deletion of 6 infected infants, the prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis between the mothers whose infants was confined in Taleghani hospital was 34 Percent. This prevalence was 30.2 percent by ELISA technique. Therefore IFA method is more sensitive than ELISA method in detection of toxoplasma gondi

[Comparative efficacy of two different local dish-washing and liquid soap detergent in formol-detergent technique for detection of intestinal parasite]

Background: previous studies have shown high efficacy of formol-detertgent [FD] technique for detection of intestinal parasite. This study aimed to estimate this technique using two different detergents

Methods and materials: this was 190 stool sample in this study transfered from the Health center of Qom city [Shahid Bahonar] to parasitology laboratory of Qom University of Medical Scienses.Each of them was examined by two different detergents in FD technique, sepearately. Local dish-washing [Richa] and liquid soap was applied for FD technique. At the end, Sediment of them observed by microscope.The sensitivity of each technique in positive sample was estimated sepearately

Results: FD method using dish-washing offered an advantage for detection of Entamoeba Histolytica cyst and FD method using hand-washing offered an advantage for detection of Iodamoeba butschlii cyst

Conclusions: as a whole the ability of [FD] technique for detection of intestinal parasite was good and the quality of Sediment in FD which use Richa was better

[Comparative sensitivity of formol- detergent technique with formalin- ether and direct technique for detection of intestinal parasite]

Background: in an attempt to achieve the easier and more sensitive faecal examination, in this study the ability of formol- detergent [FD] technique for detection of intestinal parasites was compared with the direct examination and the formalin - ether [FE] sedimentation technique

Methods and Materials: in this cross - sectional[descriptive-analitic] study faecal specimens were collected from 501 people of the Bilaghan and Sarvadar Villages in the vicinity of karaj city and examined by direct, FE and FD technique

Results: sensitivity of formol- detergent technique in detection of Giardia lamblia cyst, Blastocystis hominis and Hymenolepis nana egg is more than formalin-ether technique,whereas in detection of the other parasite, the sensitivity of FE is more than FD. The sensitivity of FE and FD in detection of parasite obtained by this study is more than direct technique and only about Giardia lamblia cyst, Blastocystis hominis the difference between FE and direct technique is not significant [Confidence interval%95]

Conclusions: FD technique offered an advantage over the FE technique for the detection of Giardia lamblia cyst, Blastocystis hominis and Hymenolepis nana egg and this difference was significant [Confidence interval%95]. This study privides evidence that FD technique is an important tool for the diagnosis of Giardia lamblia and is suitable for performing under field condition and should be considered in situations where resources are scarce

Opportunistic protozoan parasites in heart transplant donor patients

Protozoa are among the most important pathogens that can cause infections in immunocompromised hosts. These microorganisms particularly infect individuals with impaired cellular immunity such as those with heart transplant patients using high doses of corticosteroids. The protozoa that most frequently cause disease in immunocompromised patient are, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Trypanosoma Cruzi, Babesia microtti and Plasmodium falciparum can cause acute meningoencephalitis, acute myocarditis, hepatospleenomegaly, pnemonia, chronic diarrhea and bone marrow, Lung, hepatic, spleen involvement. There are various, serological parasitological histological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of these infections. Owing to the increasing number of transplantation we expect increased occurrence of opportunistic infections. For this review article we have searched through the sites pubmed and google by the following keywords: protozoa, infection, heart transplant. We have found over 30 related article. In heart transplant recipient patient protozoan pathogen are terrible life thretening so it is important to take into consideration the use of choice drugs and preventive methods as earlier as possible

Seroepidemiology assay of toxoplasmosis in infants who were confined to bed in infants ward of Taleghani hospital during 1379-1380

As some of the mortality and morbidity of infants who are less than one year, is related to contamination with Toxoplasma gondii parasite during fetal time, the aim of this survey is to study the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in infants visiting Taleghani medical center during 1379-1380. In this survey the sera of 106 and 104 newborn infants from 1 day to 1 month who were suspected to congenital Toxoplasmosis and were hospitalized in Infantile ward of Taleghani hospital were evaluated for IgM and IgG specific antibodies with ELISA and IFA techniques, respectively. According to the results of IFA technique, if the 1/100 is the minimum titer for specific Ig M antibody against Toxoplasmosis, 5 infants were positive and if 1/200 is the minimum titer for specific Ig G antibody against Toxoplasmosis, 41 infants were positive. 6 infants had specific Ig M antibody and 38 infants had specific IgG antibody against Toxoplasmosis by ELISA technique. As a whole, 6 infants [5.66%] were positive which were suggested congenital Toxoplasmosis. With deletion of 6 infected infants, the prevalence of chronic Toxoplasmosis between the mother whose infant was confined in Taleghani hospital was 34 percent by IFA and 30.2 percent by ELISA technique

[Seroepidemiology assay of toxoplasmosis in infants who was confined to bed in infants ward of Taleghani hospital during 1379-1380]

Background: As some of the mortality and morbidity of infants who are less than one y ear, is related to contamination with Toxoplasma gondii parasite during fetal time, the aim of this survey is to study the prevalence Toxoplasmosis in infants visited Taleghani medical center during 1379-1380

Materials and methods: In this survey the sera of 106 and 104 newborn infants from 1 day to 1 month who were suspected to congenital Toxoplasmosis and were hospitalized in Infantile ward of Taleghani hospital were evaluated for lgM and lgG specific antibodies with ELISA and IFA techniques, respectively

Results: According to the results of IFA technique, if the 1/100 is the minimum titer for specific lg M antibody against Toxoplasmosis, 5 infants were positive and if 1/200 is the minimum titer for specific lgG antibody against Toxoplasmosis, 41 infants were positive. 6 infants had specific lg M antibody and 38 infants had specific lgG antibody against Toxoplasmosis by ELISA technique

Conclusions: As a whole, 6 infants [5.66%] were positive which were suggested congenital Toxoplasmosis. With deletion of 6 infected infants, the prevalence of chronic Toxoplasmosis between the mother whose infants was confined in Taleghani hospital was 34 percent by IFA and 30.2 percent by ELISA technique

[Efficacy of different immunization methods against leishmania parasite in order to prophylaxis of leishmaniasis]

Background: Leishmaniasis is a disease with different clinical manifestation produced by the genus leishmania. Eradication of the disease has proven to be difficult. Chemotherapy has only a modest effect and there is no effective and safe vaccine against any from of clinical leishmaniasis. However, individuals who recovered naturally from infection develop strong immunity against reinfection suggesting that vaccination against leishmaniasis is feasible

Materials and Methods: This study is a review article and is based on more than 30 articles about prophylaxis of leishmaniasis during recent five years

Results: In 2002 year several studies in different countries about leishmania major suggesting as a whole use of LACK antigen with IL-1 2 adjuvant mix antigens lack and MIDGE* Mix antigens lack+Lmsti 1 +TSA *Mix surface antigens Imstil+TSA+Leif=Leish 111f. *Mix leish 111f + IL-12 or Leish 111f + MPA+SLA have high efficient protective immune response but the result of study in Brazil at that time about meta 1 gene is not effective. In 2003 year several studies in different country shows the use of ODN, CPG, ALM and BOG as a adjuvant and the role of dendritic cells with IL-12 in generation of protective is very important meanwhile increase of GM-CSF * antigen recombinant Histone synthesized * Role of CD4* with CD8* the effective of NF Kappabeta cells in induction of Th1 * The use of two different adjuvant ODN, GPO with alive parasite and Man 5-DPPE coated liposomes to induce cellular immunity against parasite is important also. In 2003 studies about Leishmania infantum shows that use of IL-18 with lL-12 * Lack + DNA P36 antigens* P80 antigen * Mix antigens GP63 + CP+LPG induced Type 1 response against parasite

[Efficacy of different immunization methods against leishmania parasite in order to prophylaxis of leishmaniasis]

Background: Leishmaniasis is a disease with different clinical manifestation produced by the genus leishmania. Eradication of the disease has proven to be difficult. Chemotherapy has only a modest effect and there is no effective and safe vaccine against any from of clinical leishmaniasis. How ever, individuals who recovered naturally from infection develop strong immunity against reinfection suggesting that vaccination against leishmaniasis is feasible

Materials and Methods: This study is a review article and is based on more than 30 articles about prophylaxis of leishmaniasis during recent five years

Results: In 2002 year several studies in different countries about leishmania major suggesting as a whole use of LACK antigen with IL-12 adjuvant mix antigens lack and MIDGE* Mix antigens lack+Lmsti 1+TSA *Mix surface antigens lmstil+TSA+Leif=Leish 111f. *Mix leish 111f + IL-12 or Leish 111f + MPA+SLA have high efficient protective immune response but the result of study in Brazil at that time about meta 1 gene is not effective. In 2003 year several studies in different country shows the use of ODN, CPG, ALM and BCG as a adjuvant and the role of dendritic cells with IL-12 in generation of protective is very important meanwhile increase of GM-CSF * antigen recombinant Histone synthesized * Role of C04* with C08* the effective of NF Kappabeta cells in induction of Th1* The use of two different adjuvant ODN, GPC with alive parasite and Man 5-DPPE coated liposomes to induce cellular immunity against parasite is important also. In 2003 studies about Leishmania infantum shows that use of IL-18 with IL-12 * Lack + DNA P36 antigens* P80 antigen * Mix antigens GP63 + CP+LPG induced Type 1 response against parasite

[Opportunistic protozoan parasites in heart transplant donor patients]

Background: Protozoa are among the most important pathogens that can cause infections in immunocompromised hosts. These microorganisms particularly infect individuals with impaired cellular immunity such as those with heart transplant patients which using high doses of corticosteroids. The protozoa that most frequently cause disease in immunocompromised patient are, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Trypanosoma Cruzi , Babesia microtti and Plasmodium falciparum can cause acute meningoencephalitis, acute myocarditis, hepatospleenomegally, pnemonia, chronic diarrhea and bone marrow, Lung, hepatic, spleen involvement. There are various, serological parasitological histological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of these infection. Owing to the increasing number of transplantation we expect increase occurring opportunistic infections

Materials and Methods: For this review article we have searched through the sites pubmed and google by the following keywords: protozoa, infection, heart transplant. We have found over than 30 related article

Results and Conclusions: In heart transplant recipient patient protozoan pathogen are terrible life tretening so it is important to take into the consideration the using of choice drugs and preventive methods as earlier as possible