Etiology of oral cancer/ squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity

The purpose of this study on squamous cell carcinoma [SSC] in oral cavity was to: ' Evaluate the association between various risk factors and SSC ' Determine the pattern of clinical presentation Patients and Sixty consecutive new patients were recruited to study the above mentioned features in the oral cavity were included in this study. Inclusion criteria were biopsy proven SSC of any age and gender involving anterior oropharyngeal part. Exclusion criteria were SSC cases with prior surgery recurrence or post radiated patients and chemotherapy. In this study of 60 patient, there is a light pre-ponderance of male, female ratio of 1:3. average age cases was 49.47 + 9.28 [SD] Buccal mucosa was involved in 46.6% cases being the most common followed b mandibular alveolar mucosa and retromolar trigone area. Among the relevant chewing and smoking habits pan with tobacco was pre dominant 76.7% followed by cigarette smoking and Areca nut [supari-chahlia]. Leukoplakia [40%] being the most frequently associated pre-malignant disease. Ulceration and exophytic growth combined were seen together in 47% of cases. Conclusions: Buccal mucosa is the most common site involved in SSC. Pan and tobacco chewing was the most common habit among the sample, while ulceration being the most clinical presentation

Caries status among children aged 12-16 in 4 districts of Karachi

Owing to the global problem of dental caries and its marked variation among children of different socio-economic groups, we have conducted a survey and data collection of 800 school children of Karachi city divided into 4 districts i.e. South, West, East and Central. Socio-economic status is a valuable measure in many health studies because it is so closely correlated with many health related characteristics. Attitudes toward health are often part of the set of values that follow from an individual's prestige in society and may explain some of the observed differences in health between socio-economic groups

Tamoxifen: a potential remedy against postmenopausal osteoporosis

To study the effects of Tamoxifen on long bones, i.e. Femur, Tibia and Humerus of Postmenopausal Aged Female Albino Rats Setting: Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI], Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi Specimens: Ninety bones comprising humerus, femur and tibia [30 each] Methodology: Quantitative measurement of BMC [bone mineral content] and BMD [bone mineral density] carried out by DEXA [Dual Energy X ray Absorptiometry] Scanning Device; Qualitative changes mapped out through plain radiology. Bones, i.e. Femur, Tibia and Humerus of Tamoxifen treated group were found to have relatively increased levels of BMC and BMD. X-rays revealed that bones have greater cortical density in case of tamoxifen treated group. Tamoxifen helps preserving bone mass in bones of Aging Female Albino rats

Need of radiation protection in dentistry in Pakistan

Dental radiography is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important procedures for proper diagnoses and treatment. The number of examinations has increased remarkably in last 20 years all over the world. This vast growth in the use of dental X-rays has been accompanied by an increasing concern among both the public and health professionals on the hazards of diagnostic radiography in developed countries and strenuous efforts have been and are being, made to both quantity and limit these risks. The first formal recommendations for persons working with sources of radiation in the world were those developed by the British X-ray and Radiation Committee in 1921. After various reforms the rules and Regulations for the radiation protection has changed over the years. Various recommendations were given by the working party which are included in this publication. In Pakistan there is no system of ionising protection. To achieve the desired level of radiation protection in Pakistan it is essential that in every dental school, the content of the undergraduate course should ensure that students receives instructions, practical experience in taking, processing and interpretation of both intro-and extra-oral radiographs. Other suggestions are also been made

Unerupted deciduous central incisors

Whilst it is common for permanent central incisors not to erupt either because of local or systemic causes, it is rare fore deciduous incisors not to do so. We report a case where a 3 year old child presented with a non-eruption of the maxillary central deciduous incisors

Nutrition and diet in relation to oral health

Nutrition and diet play a major role in tooth development, gingival and oral tissue integrity, bone strength, craniofacial and oral tissue development, and the prevention and management of oral diseases. This article reviews the type, form and frequency of foods and beverages consumed and their local and systemic effects on tooth and oral soil tissue integrity. Nutrition has a systemic effect on oral tissues. This is a review article

Anti hepatitis C antibodies study in professional and volunteer blood donors

A study was conducted in total 1410 cases belong to two groups. Professional biood donors [PBD] in which there were 820 individuals, whereas in volunteer blood donors [VBD] there were 590 individuals. All were tested for acute hepatitis 'C' antibodies by ELISA [Enzyme Linked Irnmuno Sorbent Assay]. It was found out from this study that out of total screened cases 6.8% were seropositive in PBD group there 11.0% seropositive cases as compared to 1.0% seropositive in VBD. This study concluded with recommendation of screening of every single blood bag before transfusion and dissemination preventive measures through media