[Plasma levels of osteocalcin and retinol binding protein-4 in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma]

Thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor of the endocrine system in human body and accounts for nearly 1% of all cancers. Medullary thyroid carcinoma is the third frequent of thyroid cancer and accounts about 5-8% of thyroid cancer. Osteocalcin, known as a Bone Gamma-carboxyglutamic Acid-containing Protein [BGLAP], is the most non collagenous protein. Retinol binding proteins are the family of proteins that have diverse actions but mainly transport retinol in human body. In this study to evaluate effect of existence medullary thyroid carcinoma on metabolism of bone and adipose tissue, plasma level of two mentioned proteins had analyzed. Population in this study consists of 46 individuals with medullary thyroid carcinoma and 44 healthy subjects referred individuals to Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. People with the disease after diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma and pathologically confirmed by biopsy in the initial stages of the study were called. After informed consent, 10 ml of blood from the antecubital vein of left hand in sitting position obtained and after centrifugation, plasma was isolated from all samples until analyzed kept in the freezer. Plasma levels of hormones were measured by sandwich type ELISA method. Obtained results were analyzed by SPSS version 16 with independent t-test method. Mean plasma level of osteocalcin in patients was 33.1 +/- 3.5 and in healthy subjects was 12.5 +/- 1.2 ng/ml [Mean +/- SD] and Odds Ratio [OR] value was 1.04. In patients, mean plasma level of retinol binding protein was 82.5 +/- 2.7 and in healthy subjects was 22.8 +/- 1.6 mg/ml and OR value was 2.1. The confidence level considered at 95%. These differences of plasma levels were statistically significant [P=0.001]. According to difference between plasma levels of osteocalcin and retinol binding protein-4 in patients suffered of medullary thyroid carcinoma comparison with normal subjects, it can be said that, probably medullary thyroid carcinoma has effect on bone and adipose tissue metabolism, so osteocalcin and retinol binding protein-4 hormones have potential to be used for confirmation of diagnosis or following treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma

Physical activity and obesity related hormones

Probably, obesity can be considered as the most common metabolic disorder. In other words, the control of metabolism is disrupted in this condition. The most important metabolic control is performed by hormones. Today, adipose tissue is considered as an active tissue in secretion of hormones. In obesity, in addition to adipose tissue hormones, effective neuropeptides on appetite are interfered. There are 4 main approaches in the management and treatment of obesity including nutrition and diet therapy, physical activity, medical and surgical approaches. The specialists and obese patients prefer the first and second approaches. Physical activity helps to control and treat this disorder by influencing on obesity-related hormones. The main obesity-related hormones are ghrelin, agouti, obestatin, leptin, adiponectin, nesfatin, visfatin, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and resistin. In this review, the effect of physical activity on 10 major obesity-related hormones has been discussed

Serum level of resistin in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

Resistin hormone is a polypeptide hormone belonging to the family of hormone-like resistin molecules. Controversial results have been reported between serum level of resistin and thyroid abnormalities, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum level of resistin hormone in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and its association with weight and body mass index. In this case-control cross sectional study 48 patients with hypothyroidism, 34 patients with hyperthyroidism, and 82 individuals as control group were considered. BMI, fasting resistin, TSH, and T4 serum levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay methods. Data were compared using t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA to evaluate correlation between variables. p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Resistin serum levels in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism patients was significantly higher than the control group. There was not any significant correlation between resistin serum levels, BMI, age, and thyroid hormones level. Also in hypothyroidism patients a positive correlation was observed between BMI and TSH level, and a negative correlation between BMI and T4 level. The result of this study showed the increase in serum level of resistin in patients with thyroid dysfunction. This correlation was independent of BMI changes in patient. The findings suggest that changing in serum level of resistin may be considered as a criterion for diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Although, this hypothesis needs to be more study

brief history of human blood groups

The evolution of human blood groups, without doubt, has a history as old as man himself. There are at least three hypotheses about the emergence and mutation of human blood groups. Global distribution pattern of blood groups depends on various environmental factors, such as disease, climate, altitude, humidity etc. In this survey, the collection of main blood groups ABO and Rh, along with some minor groups, are presented. Several investigations of blood groups from Iran, particularly a large sampling on 291857 individuals from Iran, including the main blood groups ABO and Rh, as well as minor blood groups such as Duffy, Lutheran, Kell, KP, Kidd, and Xg, have been reviewed