Uterine vascular resistance and other maternal factors associated with the risk of developing hypertension during pregnancy

Gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia are important causes of perinatal morbidity. The objective of the present study was to determine the increase in relative risk for developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy based on the evaluation of pregnant women between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation, and to correlate the findings at this period with the outcome of pregnancy. We conducted a prospective cohort study, with a convenience sample of 1417 patients evaluated at this gestational age, of which 1306 were contacted at childbirth. We detected an increased relative risk of 2.69 (95%CI: 1.86 to 3.89) associated with pulsatility index of the uterine arteries, a 2.8 increase (95%CI: 1.58 to 5.03) in relative risk attributed to maternal age above 35 years, a 1.68 increase (95%CI: 1.17 to 2.40) attributed to parity greater than or equal to 3, and a 5.35 increase (95%CI: 4.18 to 6.85) attributed to chronic hypertension and obesity, with a progressive increase in relative risk according to the degree of overweight, i.e., grades 1, 2, 3, and morbid obesity (2.58, 3.06, 5.84, and 7.28, respectively).

Detection of the mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nasal cavity of pigs - Preliminary data / [Detecção do gene mecA em Staphylococcus spp. isolados da cavidade nasal de suínos - dados preliminares]

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a caracterização genética de Staphylococcus spp. resistentes a meticilina isolados de suínos. Foram coletadas 30 amostras de swab nasal de suínos, abatidos em um frigorífico com Serviço de Inspeção Federal. Os isolados foram submetidos a análises macro e microscópicas que, em seguida, para detectar a resistência bacteriana, foram submetidos a ensaios fenotípicos da sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Posteriormente, as amostras resistentes a oxacilina, foram submetidas à reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para verificar a presença do gene mecA. Das 30 amostras analisadas, foram isolados 12 (40%) Staphylococcus spp. coagulase positiva, e 18 (60%) coagulase negativa, e, dentre os isolados, 26 (86,66%) foram resistentes a oxacilina sendo possível detectar o gene mecA em seis (23%) amostras. Este estudo evidencia a presença de genes de resistência em microrganismos comuns a microbiota de animais de produção que podem ser transmitidos ao homem. Além de chamar a atenção para a frequência e quantidade de antimicrobianos aos quais estes animais são expostos durante toda sua vida, podendo ser considerado um problema para a saúde única.(AU)

Grazing criteria for perennial peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) consumed by sheep in rotational stocking / Critérios de pastejo para amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) consumido por ovelhas em sistema rotacionado

The objective of work was to study the productive profile of perennial peanut in a rotational stocking environment under different criteria. The treatments corresponded to pre-grazing height of 14 and 18cm or 95% of light interception (LI) distributed in a completely randomized design. The studied variables were forage mass, percentage of structural components, forage mass and the structural components in the lower and upper canopy strata. The entrance criterion of 18cm in height, despite having higher forage mass, presented lower percentage of leaves and higher percentage of stems and forage losses. The criteria of 14cm and 95% light interception presented similar production between them and the highest rate of forage accumulation. In all criteria, in the upper strata of pasture a higher percentage of leaves were found. The criteria of 95% LI and 14cm in height presented the best productive performances. The entry criterion of 18cm presented a higher mass of pre-grazing forage with lower percentage of dead material, but with higher forage losses, resulting from senescent leaves. Due to changes in the structural components, as grazing cycles increase, the interception of 95% of the incident light by the perennial peanut occurs at lower heights.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o perfil produtivo do amendoim forrageiro em um ambiente rotacionado, sob diferentes critérios. Os tratamentos corresponderam à altura de pré-pastejo de 14 e 18cm ou 95% de intercepção de luz (LI), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. As variáveis estudadas foram massa forrageira, porcentagem de componentes estruturais, densidade da massa forrageira e densidade dos componentes estruturais nos estratos do dossel inferior e superior. O critério de entrada de 18cm de altura, apesar de ter maior massa forrageira, apresentou menor porcentagem de folhas e maior porcentagem de hastes e perdas de forragem. Os critérios de interceptação de luz de 14cm e 95% apresentaram produção similar entre eles e a maior taxa de acumulação de forragem. Em todos os critérios, no estrato superior de pastagem, foi encontrada maior porcentagem de folhas. Os critérios de 95% LI e 14cm de altura apresentaram os melhores desempenhos produtivos. O critério de entrada de 18cm apresentou maior massa de forragem pré-pastagem com menor porcentagem de material morto, mas com maiores perdas de forragem, resultantes de folhas senescentes. Devido às mudanças nos componentes estruturais, à medida que os ciclos de pastagem aumentam, a intercepção de 95% da luz incidente pelo amendoim forrageiro ocorre em alturas mais baixas.(AU)

Clinical Implications caused by the agenesis of the RectusAbdominal Muscle’s (MRA) inferior venter

The rectus abdominal muscle is part of the anterior abdominal wall, having three to six bellies. In only oneof the 106 dissections already made in the “Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais” AnatomyLaboratory was found a male cadaver who did not have inferior venter of this muscle bilaterally. Instead, at theleft side, was found a tendon that measured 5.5 cm laterally and 12 cm medially, and at the right side, therewas the same variation with a 15.5 cm length tendon, rising in the upper branch of the pubis and crest pubis.Despite being a rare variation, individuals who have showed it have increased potential for physiological andsurgical complications, in case they need interventions using inferior rectus abdominis muscle venter’s snips.

Avaliação do potencial de uso do extrato bruto da fermentação por Streptomyces Viridosporus T7 A em medicinaveterinária / Evaluation of the potential applicability of Streptomyces Viridosporus T7 A crude fermentation extract in veterinary medicine / Evaluación del potencial de uso del extracto bruto de la fermentación por Streptomyces viridosporus T7A en medicina veterinaria

Desde a sua descoberta como produtoras de antibióticos, as bactérias do gênero Streptomyces têm sido muito estudadas, em função de seu grande interesse para a indústria. A maioria das cepas de Streptomyces sintetiza substâncias antibacterianas, antifúngicas, antitumorais, antiparasitárias, herbicidas e enzimas, que têm empregos em medicina e agricultura, bem como em vários processos biotecnológicos. Neste trabalho estudou-se a aplicação do extrato bruto enzimático obtido da fermentação por Streptomyces viridosporus T7A para uso veterinário. O extrato bruto enzimático foi submetido a testes de atividade antimicrobiana e de inocuidade, em cultivo celular e em camundongos. Observou-se efeito inibidor sobre cepas patogênicas Gram positivas (Staphylococcus aureus), porém não sobre bactérias Gram negativas (Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp. e Escherichia coli). Em cultivo celular, o extrato mostrou ausência de toxicidade e efeito citoprotetor, e em camundongos foi inócuo, e teve influência positiva no peso final nos grupos tratados.

Since discovered as antibiotics producers, Streptomyces genus bacteria had been studied to a great extent, because their great industrial interest. Most of the Streptomyces strains synthesize antibacterial, antifungal, antineoplastic, antiparasitic, and herbicide substances, as well as enzymes, which are used in medicine, agriculture and other biotechnological processes. We studied the potential applicability of Streptomyces viridosporus T7A crude fermentation extract in veterinary medicine. The antimicrobial properties of enzymatic crude extract were tested against pathogenic bacteria strains, and its innocuity was tested both in cellular cultives and mice. It was observed inhibitory effect against pathogenic Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), but not against pathogenic Gram negative bacteria (Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Escherichia coli). In cellular cultives, the extract showed citoprotector effect and absence of toxicity. In mice, it was innocuous and had positive influence on the final weight in the treated groups.

Desde que fueran descubiertas como productoras de antibióticos, las bacterias del género Streptomyces vienen siendo muy estudiadas, por tener gran interés para la industria. La mayoría de las variedades de Streptomyces sintetiza substancias antibacterianas, antifúngicas, antitumorales, antiparasitarias y herbicidas, así como enzimas que se usan en medicina, agricultura y otros procesos biotecnológicos. En este trabajo, se estudió el potencial de uso del extracto bruto de la fermentación por Streptomyces viridosporus T7A en medicina veterinaria. Las propiedades antimicrobianas del extracto bruto enzimático fueran testadas contra bacterias patogénicas, así como se testó su inocuidad tanto en cultivos celulares cuanto en ratones. Se observó efecto inhibitorio sobre bacterias patogénicas Gram positivas (Staphylococcus aureus), pero no sobre bacterias Gram negativas (Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp. y Escherichia coli). En cultivo celular, el extracto mostró ausencia de toxicidad y efecto citoprotector, y en ratones fue inocuo, y ha influenciado positivamente el peso final de los grupos tratados.

The mental health of graduate students at the Federal University of São Paulo: a preliminary report

We present data regarding the care provided to graduate level health professionals at the mental health center of the Federal University of São Paulo. From September 1996 to September 2003, 146 graduate students (99 in the Master's degree program and 47 in the Doctoral program) were attended. This population was predominantly female (68.5 percent), with a mean (± SD) age of 28.6 ± 4.42 years, not married (71.9 percent). Most of the subjects were professionals who had not graduated from the Federal University (78.1 percent). The students who sought help for psychological and/or psychiatric problems were classified into two categories: situational-adaptive crises and psychopathological crises. The main diagnoses were depression and anxiety disorders (44 percent) causing 4.5 percent of the subjects to be temporarily suspended from their graduate studies; 19.2 percent reported that they had used psychotropic drugs within the previous month, and 47.9 percent referred to sleep disturbances. Suicidal tendencies were mentioned by 18 percent of those interviewed. Students with emotional disturbances and academic dysfunctions should be recognized at an early stage, and it is fundamental for them to have access to mental health programs that provide formal, structured and confidential care. Thus, it is important that professors and advisors in graduate programs build a warm and affective learning environment. If we consider the expressive growth in Brazilian scientific production resulting from the implementation of an extensive national system of graduate education, it is important to focus efforts on enhancing and upgrading the mental health care system.

Did Sutton and Boveri propose the so-called Sutton-Boveri chromosome hypothesis?

The "Sutton-Boveri chromosome hypothesis" attempted to establish a parallel between cytological chromosome behavior and the principles followed by Mendelian factors. Today, this hypothesis is well accepted; however, it was not completely accepted at its proposal (1902-3). The aim of the present study is to elucidate the meaning of the chromosome hypothesis based on the original scientific works, taking into account the scientific context of that time. The negative treatment this hypothesis received is evaluated. I conclude that it was unfair to include Boveri's name beside that of Sutton's as one of the proponents of the chromosome hypothesis of Mendelian heredity, because he did not publish any hypothesis of that kind during the relevant period (1902-1903). Moreover, no coherent chromosome hypothesis existed during that period. Sutton and other researchers of that time were strongly influenced both by cytological knowledge grounded in observations and theoretical presuppositions that led to interpretations with no observational basis. The chromosome hypothesis was not proposed as a result of experimental cytological research.

Natureza e magnitude do estresse na residência médica / Stress nature and magnitude during medical residency training

A natureza estressante do treinamento na Residência Médica tem sido amplamente discutida na literatura. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar dados sobre os principais fatores estressantes do treinamento e os efietos desse estresse nos residentes e na qualidade da assistência prestada aos pacientes. A magnitude do estresse, durante o treinamento na Residência Médica, resulta da interaçäo de três tipos de estresse: profissional, situacional e pessoal. Säo descritos os principais distúrbios comportamentais e disfunçöes profissionais que afetam os residentes, salientando-se a importância do conhecimento desses dados para o planejamento, organizaçäo e avaliaçäo de programas de Residência Médica.

Tarefa medica e interconsulta medico-psicologica em um hospital universitario. / Medical task and medico-psychological interconsultation in a university hospital

O autor apresenta uma visao do exercicio profissional medico em um hospital universitario: seu enfoque esta apoiado na experiencia acumulada ao longo de sete anos em um servico de interconsultas. Descreve as vicissitudes do trabalho medico assim como da atividade de interconsulta, situando a interconsulta como um valioso instrumento na profilaxia da patologia medica

A proposito de uma experiencia interdisciplinar em um hospital de ensino. / Apropos of an interdisciplinary experience in a school hospital

E relatada a experiencia do trabalho conjunto do Departamento de Psiquiatria e da Disciplina de Propedeutica da EPM em uma enfermaria da Clinica Medica. Sao mostrados, atraves de cinco exemplos clinicos, os problemas e as dificuldades do atendimento hospitalar, ao mesmo tempo em que se indica uma perspectiva de enriquecer a assistencia e o ensino atraves da criacao de uma instancia reflexiva sobre a pratica assistencial