Comparison of atherogenic index and lipid profiles in candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus normal people

Information on incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease [CVD] is rare in the Middle East. This study aims to compare Iranian candidates for coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] surgery and healthy controls in terms of lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma [AIP], and atherosclerosis index [ASTI]. The individuals recruited in this study were 135 CVD patients before CABG surgery and 135 healthy subjects matching in age with the cases. Lipid profiles of the two groups were analyzed with a commercial kit. The AIP and ASTI indexes were calculated with related formula. The TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-c parameters were dramatically changed [p<0.01] between study groups. AIP and ASTI indexes were significantly higher in patients than in healthy people [p=0.001]. In individuals with CVD, it is suggested to measure these indexes in order for effective diagnosis before CABG surgery

Graphite application and different powers of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet [Nd:YAG] laser on dentin surface changes: a scanning electron microscopy study

Various methods have been used for the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity such as dentifrices, sealants and different types of lasers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Neodimium:Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet [Nd:YAG] laser in association with graphite on the dentin morphologic changes. In this experimental in vitro study, 16 freshly extracted third molars were selected. 5 specimens with the dimensions of 2×2×1 mm from root trunk were prepared. Specimens were randomly divided into five groups: group 1 [control, no laser irradiation]. Group 2, 3 irradiated by Nd:YAG laser 0.5 and 1W, output power respectively. Group 4, 5 smeared with graphite and then irradiated by Nd: YAG laser 0.5 and 1W output power. Samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Number and diameter of dentinal tubules were determined in different groups and analyzed with the Kruskal-wallis and Mann-Whitney tests [SPSS 16]. The number of tubules had significant difference between all groups [P<0.001], except group 1 in comparison with group 2 [P> 0.05], and group 3 in comparison with group 4 [P> 0.05]. Micro-cracks and rupture of melted dentin materials were seen in group 4 and 5. According to the findings of this study, smearing with graphite on dentin surface increase the absorption of Nd:YAG laser energy and reduced the diameter and number of open dentinal tubules

[Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and its related factors in school age children]

Iron deficiency anemia [IDA] is a common nutritional disorder and a major health problem in school age children. This problem leads to failure to thrive and behavioral changes. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of IDA and its related factors in school age children. In this descriptive study, 554 students of primary schools were randomly selected. Data was collected through a questionnaire and blood cell count. The prevalence of IDA was measured on the basis of Mentzer index [MCV/RBC] and results more than 13 was considered as IDA. 297 [53.6%] children suffered from IDA. 44.1% of the IDA patients were 7-8 years old. There was a significant relationship between IDA and low consumption of meat, nuts and egg [p value< 0.05]. The high prevalence of IDA in school age children [especially primary academic years] is worrying and shows that educational programs are necessary. This study proposes the application of Mentzer index for IDA screening in susceptible children, it also emphasizes on meat, nuts and egg consumption in children