Relationship between depression and anxiety with sleep quality in elderly adults / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the influence of depression and anxiety on sleep quality, and to provide a basis for preventing sleep disorders in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:Cluster sampling was used.A self-designed questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7(GAD-7)were used for the survey.The sleep quality and the influence of depression and anxiety on sleep quality of 955 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above were investigated.Results:The detection rate of sleep disorders, depression and anxiety were 24.5%, 19.1% and 14.3%, respectively.There was a positive correlation between sleep quality scores(including the total score and the scores of each dimension)and the anxiety and depression scores( rs: 0.115-0.558, P<0.01 for all). After adjusting for possible confounding effects of gender, age, food intake or tea drinking before bed, Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of depression( OR=3.555, 95% CI: 2.235-5.653, P<0.05)and anxiety( OR=1.812, 95% CI: 1.070-3.070, P<0.05)were significantly related to sleep disorders in the elderly.The multivariate adjusted population attributable risk of depression and anxiety for sleep disorders in the elderly was 32.56% and 16.09%, respectively.The presence of depression and anxiety were associated with 38.87% of the population attributable risk for sleep disorders. Conclusions:Depression and anxiety are important risk factors for sleep disorders in the elderly.Strengthening the identification and intervention of depression and anxiety is beneficial to improve the sleep quality of elderly living in the community.

Total salvianolic acid combined with anti-PD-Ll inhibits development of breast cancer by regulating infiltration of myeloid macrophages / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of total salvianolic acid (TSA) combined with anti-PD-Ll on the development of breast cancer by inhibiting the infiltration of myelogenous macrophages into tumors. Methods E0771 breast cancer subeutaneous tumor model was constructed. Twenty-five mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, total salvianolic acid group (TSA 10 g • kg

Advances in involvement of pericyte in tumour microenvironment in tumour metastasis / 中国药理学通报

Pericytes are essential components of vessel mural cells that function to regulate blood flow, clear or phagocytose debris, and are contractile cells enwrapping capillaries throughout the body. It controls vascular permeability and is involved in the development of blood vessels and is an important regulator and potential drug target of angiogenesis and vascular function. Pericytes are also thought to play a key role in the tumor microenvironment, especially during tumor growth and distal metastasis. Therefore,in this review we discuss the relationship between pericytes involved in tumor angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, as well as the use of targeted pericytes to treat tumors,with a view to providing a basis for subsequent studies.

Network Meta-analysis of oral Chinese patent medicines in treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of eight oral Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) by network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) on the treatment of AECOPD with eight oral Chinese patent medicines was retrieved from databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, and Cochrane Library from database inception to August 6, 2022. The information was extracted from the included literature and the quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. The data were analyzed using Stata SE 15.1 and ADDIS 1.16.8 software. Finally, 53 RCTs were included, with 5 289 patients involved, including 2 652 patients in the experimental group and 2 637 patients in the control group. Network Meta-analysis showed that Lianhua Qingwen Capsules+conventional western medicine were optimal in improving clinical effective rate, Shufeng Jiedu Capsules+conventional western medicine in improving FEV1/FVC, Qingqi Huatan Pills+conventional western medicine in improving FEV1%pred, Feilike Mixture(Capsules)+conventional western medicine in improving PaO_2, Lianhua Qingwen Capsules+conventional western medicine in reducing PaCO_2, and Qingqi Huatan Pills+conventional western medicine in reducing C-reactive protein(CRP). In terms of safety, most of them were gastrointestinal symptoms, and no serious adverse reactions were reported. When the clinical effective rate was taken as the comprehensive index of efficacy evaluation, Lianhua Qingwen Capsules+conventional western medicine were the most likely to be the best treatment for AECOPD. There are some limitations in the conclusion of this study. It only provides references for clinical medication.

SGK1 as a therapeutic target for central nervous system diseases / 生理学报

Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) plays an important role in the physiological processes of hormone release, neuronal excitation and cell proliferation. SGK1 also participates in the pathophysiological processes of inflammation and apoptosis in the central nervous system (CNS). Increasing evidence demonstrates that SGK1 may serve as a target of the intervention of neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we summarize the recent progress on the role and molecular mechanisms of SGK1 in the regulation of the function of the CNS. We also discuss the potential of newly discovered SGK1 inhibitors in the treatment of CNS diseases.

Non clinical pharmacodynamic evaluation system of high-altitude hypoxic brain injury / 药学学报

The air at high altitude is thin and belongs to the environment of low temperature, low oxygen and low pressure. The human brain is the most sensitive to hypoxia. Hypoxia will cause dysfunction of the central nervous system, resulting in high-altitude hypoxic brain injury, including mild high altitude headache and more destructive high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Recently, with more and more people work and live in high altitude areas, the development of high-altitude hypoxic brain injury drugs would produce great economic value and social significance. Non clinical pharmacodynamic evaluation is the basic of drug development, which plays a key role in improving the success rate of clinical transformation and reducing the risk of clinical research. This review summarizes the cell models and animal models, and the evaluation indicators usually used to explore the candidates of high-altitude hypoxic brain injury. We aim at establishing a standardized non clinical efficacy evaluation system for high altitude hypoxic encephalopathy, and provide a standardized reference for drug development in hypoxic encephalopathy at high altitude at nonclinical stage.

A new germacrene-type sesquiterpenoid from Elephantopus tomentosus L / 药学学报

Fifteen compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the whole plant of Elephantopus tomentosus L. by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, MCI column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC methods. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties, and spectral data (UV, IR, NMR, MS and CD) analysis as tomenlephanlide A (1), molephantinin (2), molephantin (3), 8-O-methacryloylelephanpane (4), apigenin (5), tricin (6), 2-phenyl acetamide (7), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (8), caffeic acid methyl ester (9), caffeic acid ethyl ester (10), (+)-(4S)-(2E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (11), E-4-hydroxyhex-2-enoic acid (12), 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (13), 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (14) and isohematinic acid (15). Among them, compound 1 is a new germacrene-type sesquiterpenoid, 5-15 were obtained from E. tomentosus L. for the first time. It was the first time the absolute configuration of compound 2 was reported. Compound 1 showed weak cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901).

Status of epidemic and immunization of diphtheria / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Abstract：The infection rate and incidence of diphtheria have been controlled effectively under the large⁃scale immunization projects. However，in recent years，cases of diphtheria have occurred frequently at home and abroad. Except for common infection in children，the number of middle⁃aged and elderly patients also increased，indicating that the prevention and control of diphtheria still should not be ignored. This paper reviewed the etiological characteristics，pathogenic mechanism as well as the epidemic and immunization status at home and abroad of diphtheria and looked forward to the above problems.

Mechanism of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules in clearing heat and removing food stagnation in suckling rats with fever and food accumulation based on metabolomics / 中国中药杂志

Children's fever is often accompanied by food accumulation. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that removing food stagnation while clearing heat of children can effectively avoid heat damage. To systematically evaluate the efficacy of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules(XRCQ) in clearing heat and removing food accumulation and explore its potential mechanism, this study combined suckling SD rats fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet with injection of carrageenan to induce rat model of fever and food accumulation. This study provided references for the study on the pharmacodynamics and mechanism of XRCQ. The results showed that XRCQ effectively reduced the rectal temperature of suckling rats, improved the inflammatory environment such as the content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-2(IL-2), interferon-γ(IFN-γ), white blood cells, and monocytes. XRCQ also effectively repaired intestinal injury and enhanced intestinal propulsion function. According to the confirmation of its efficacy of clearing heat, the thermolytic mechanism of XRCQ was further explored by non-targeted and targeted metabolomics methods based on LTQ-Orbitrap MS/MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Non-target metabolomics analysis of brain tissue samples was performed by QI software combined with SIMCA-P software, and 22 endogenous metabolites that could be significantly regulated were screened out. MetaboAnalyst pathway enrichment results showed that the intervention mechanism was mainly focused on tyrosine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, inositol phosphate metabolism, and other pathways. At the same time, the results of targeted metabolomics of brain tissue samples showed that XRCQ changed the vitality of digestive system, and inhibited abnormal energy metabolism and inflammatory response, playing a role in clearing heat and removing food stagnation from multiple levels.

Expressions and Clinical Significance of Notch1 and Hes1 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and their correlations with clinical features.@*METHODS@#Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on DLBCL samples (54 cases) and lymphadenitis tissues (20 cases) to evaluate the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1, and analyze their correlations with clinical characteristics of patients. Based on Oncomine database, the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA and DNA were also explored.@*RESULTS@#IHC result showed that the positive expression rates of Notch1 and Hes1 in DLBCL patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). In DLBCL patients, the expression of Notch1 was closely associated with B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage, lymphocyte count and the level of lactate dehydrogenase (P <0.05), while the expression level of Hes1 was significantly higher in patients with B symptoms (P <0.05). Notch+/Hes1+ expression was found in 21 DLBCL tissues (38.9%), and there was a correlation between Notch1 and Hes1 expression (r =0.296, P <0.05). Bioinformatics analysis (Oncomine database) showed that the mRNA expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 in the Brune dataset were significantly higher than those in the control tissues (P <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 in DLBCL are significantly higher than those in lymphadenitis, and correlated with B symptoms and Ann Arbor stage, suggesting that Notch1 and Hes1 play important roles in the occurrence and development of DLBCL.

Relationship between home literacy environment and emotional regulation in children: the mediating effect of the parent-child relationship / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the impact of the home literacy environment on children's emotional regulation skills and the mediating role of the parent-child relationship between them.@*METHODS@#A stratified cluster sampling approach was employed to select 1 626 preschool children from five kindergartens in Nanjing. Questionnaires were used to collect detailed information on the home literacy environment, children's emotional regulation skills, and the parent-child relationship. A mediation model was established using the Process program in SPSS macro, and the significance of the mediation effect was tested using the Bootstrap method.@*RESULTS@#The findings revealed a positive correlation between the home literacy environment and children's emotional regulation skills (r=0.217, P<0.001), as well as parent-child intimacy (r=0.065, P<0.01). Conversely, a negative correlation was found between the home literacy environment and parent-child conflict (r=-0.129, P<0.001). Additionally, parent-child conflict demonstrated a negative correlation with children's emotional regulation skills (r=-0.443, P<0.001), while parent-child intimacy exhibited a positive correlation (r=0.247, P<0.001). The home literacy environment exerted a significant direct effect on children's emotional regulation skills (β=0.162, P<0.001), and the mediating effect of the parent-child relationship accounted for 25.54% of the total effect.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The home literacy environment significantly influences children's emotional regulation skills, with the parent-child relationship partially mediating this relationship.

Component profile analysis of Sanhan Huashi Formula based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, GC-MS, and UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

This study comprehensively analyzed the active components of Sanhan Huashi Formula using qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometry techniques, laying the foundation for understanding its pharmacological substance basis. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and GC-MS technologies were used to analyze and identify the volatile and non-volatile components in Sanhan Huashi Formula. UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS technology was used to simultaneously determine the content of 27 major active components in the formula. The results showed that 308 major chemical components were identified in Sanhan Huashi Formula, among which 60 compounds were identified by comparing with reference standards, mainly including alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, triterpenoid saponins, amino acids, and nucleosides. GC-MS technology preliminarily identified 52 volatile compounds, with γ-eudesmol and β-eudesmol as the main components. The quantitative results demonstrated good linearity(r>0.99) for the 27 active components, indicating the stability, simplicity, and reliability of the established method. Among them, amygdalin, nodakenin, arecoline, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine had relatively high content and were presumably the main pharmacologically active substances. In conclusion, this study systematically and comprehensively characterized the major chemical components and patterns in Sanhan Huashi Formula, providing a basis for understanding its pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications.

Study on biomarkers of acteoside in treating puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy in young rats based on non-targeted urine metabolomics technology / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to reveal the endogenous metabolic characteristics of acteoside in the young rat model of purinomycin aminonucleoside nephropathy(PAN) by non-targeted urine metabolomics and decipher the potential mechanism of action. Biochemical indicators in the urine of rats from each group were determined by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The potential biomarkers and related core metabolic pathways were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) combined with principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used to establish the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve for evaluating the clinical diagnostic performance of core metabolites. The results showed that acteoside significantly decreased urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio in PAN young rats. A total of 17 differential metabolites were screened out by non-targeted urine metabolomics in PAN young rats and they were involved in phenylalanine metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Thirtten differential metabolites were screened by acteoside intervention in PAN young rats, and they were involved in phenylalanine metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. Among them, leucylproline and acetophenone were the differential metabolites that were significantly recovered after acteoside treatment. These pathways suggest that acteoside treats PAN in young rats by regulating amino acid metabolism. The area under the curve of two core biomarkers, leucylproline and acetophenone, were both greater than 0.9. In summary, acteoside may restore amino acid metabolism by regulating endogenous differential metabolites in PAN young rats, which will help to clarify the mechanism of acteoside in treating chronic glomerulonephritis in children. The characteristic biomarkers screened out have a high diagnostic value for evaluating the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis in children with acteoside.

Determination of acetochlor and its metabolites in urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: A method for the determination of acetochlor and its metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established. Methods: After cleaned-up by a HLB extraction cartridges, the urine was eluted with 1% acetic acid acetonitrile solution. The target compounds were separated by ACQUITY UPLC®HSS T3 Column (2.1 mm×100 mm×1.8 μm) by using 1% formic acid solution and acetonitrile as mobile phase with gradient elution program, and analyzed in positive electrospray ionization mode by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results: All the target compounds showed good linear relationships in the range of 1-50 μg/L, and the correlation coefficients (r) were higher than 0.997. The recoveries rates at three different spiked levels for all target compounds in blank matrices were 107.6%-129.1%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 1.5%-9.9% (n=6) . The limits of detection and quantitation of the method were 0.04-0.11 μg/L and 0.15-0.42 μg/L, respectively, and target substances were detected in all urine samples from occupational exposure workers to acetochlor. Conclusion: This method is suitable for rapid screening and analysis of acetochlor and metabolites in urine with the advantages of accuracy, rapidity, simplicity, high sensitivity and good specificity.

Myocardial biopsy of Liwen procedure: representability and etiological diagnostic value of cardiac samples obtained by a novel technique in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the representability and etiological diagnostic value of myocardium samples obtained from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by transthoracic echocardiography-guided percutaneous intramyocardial septal biopsy (myocardial biopsy of Liwen procedure). Methods: This study was a retrospective case-series analysis. Patients with HCM, who underwent myocardial biopsy of Liwen procedure and radiofrequency ablation in Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University from July to December 2019, were included. Demographic data (age, sex), echocardiographic data and complications were collected through electronic medical record system. The histological and echocardiographic features, pathological characteristics of the biopsied myocardium of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 21 patients (aged (51.2±14.5) years and 13 males (61.9%)) were enrolled. The thickness of ventricular septum was (23.3±4.5)mm and the left ventricular outflow tract gradient was (78.8±42.6)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Eight patients (38.1%) were complicated with hypertension, 1 patient (4.8%) had diabetes, and 2 patients (9.5%) had atrial fibrillation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of myocardial samples of HCM patients before radiofrequency ablation evidenced myocytes hypertrophy, myocytes disarray, nuclear hyperchromatism, hypertrophy, atypia, coronary microvessel abnormalities, adipocyte infiltration, inflammatory cell infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuoles, lipofuscin deposition. Interstitial fibrosis and replacement fibrosis were detected in Masson stained biopsy samples. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of myocardial samples of HCM patients after radiofrequency ablation showed significantly reduced myocytes, cracked nuclear in myocytes, coagulative necrosis, border disappearance and nuclear fragmentation. Quantitative analysis of myocardial specimens of HCM patients before radiofrequency ablation showed that there were 9 cases (42.9%) with mild myocardial hypertrophy and 12 cases (57.1%) with severe myocardial hypertrophy. Mild, moderate and severe fibrosis were 5 (23.8%), 9 (42.9%) and 7 (33.3%), respectively. Six cases (28.6%) had myocytes disarray. There were 11 cases (52.4%) of coronary microvessel abnormalities, 4 cases (19.0%) of adipocyte infiltration, 2 cases (9.5%) of inflammatory cell infiltration,6 cases (28.5%) of cytoplasmic vacuole, 16 cases (76.2%) of lipofuscin deposition. The diameter of cardiac myocytes was (25.2±2.8)μm, and the percentage of collagen fiber area was 5.2%(3.0%, 14.6%). One patient had severe replacement fibrosis in the myocardium, with a fibrotic area of 67.0%. The rest of the patients had interstitial fibrosis. The myocardial specimens of 13 patients were examined by transmission electron microscopy. All showed increased myofibrils, and 9 cases had disorder of myofibrils. All patients had irregular shape of myocardial nucleus, partial depression, mild mitochondrial swelling, fracture and reduction of mitochondrial crest, and local aggregation of myofibrillary interfascicles. One patient had hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, but the arrangement of muscle fibers was roughly normal. There were vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and Periodic acid-Schiff staining was positive. Transmission electron microscopy showed large range of glycogen deposition in the cytoplasm, with occasional double membrane surround, which was highly indicative of glycogen storage disease. No deposition of glycolipid substance in lysozyme was observed under transmission electron microscope in all myocardial specimens, which could basically eliminate Fabry disease. No apple green substance was found under polarized light after Congo red staining, which could basically exclude cardiac amyloidosis. Conclusion: Myocardium biopsied samples obtained by Liwen procedure of HCM patients are representative and helpful for the etiological diagnosis of HCM.

Salvianolic acid A inhibits platelet and neutrophil activation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effeets of Salvianolie aeirl A (SAA) on platelet recruitment, activation and neutrophils in heart of myocardial infarction ( Ml ) mice.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divid¬ed into: Sham operation group.Ml model group, SAA (5, 10 mg • kg 1 ) group, tirofiban (Tirofiban, 0.87 mg • kg ' ) group, using tail vein injection for 3 d.Echocardiography and HE staining were used to detect mouse heart function and infarct area; 1HC, FCS, ELISA, Western blot and other methods were used to explore the inhibitory effect of SAA on platelet and neutrophil activation.Results Compared with Ml group, SAA could improve the cardiac function and cardiac physiology changes of Ml mice, reduce the ex¬pression of CD42c in myocardial tissue and CD62p in peripheral blood without affecting tail bleeding time, reduce ADP-induced platelet activation and increase p- VASP/VASP ratio, reduce the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT, reduce the expression of CD45, Ly6G, CXCL1 and CXCL2 in myocardial tissue, re¬duce the expression of complement component C3aR in myocardial tissue, and reduce C3a-induced NE and MPO, MMP9, LF level.Conclusions SAA has an anti-platelet activation effect by inhibiting the PI3K/ AKT and VASP pathways and an anti-neutrophil acti¬vation effect by inhibiting the expression of C3aR and C3a.

Discussion on tumor proliferation and metastasis from perspective of neurogenesis / 中国药理学通报

In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells and nerv e eells infiltrate each other, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of tumor.Numerous evidence shows that neuro-genesis plays a key role in the regulation of tumor microenviron¬ment.By reviewing the interaction between neurogenesis and tumor and tumor microenvironment.this paper summarizes the factors including nerve growth factor that affects neurogenesis mediated tumor proliferation and metastasis, and the significance of tumor detection and treatment by regulating nerve signal.'Hie purpose of this study is to assist clinical treatment of tumor pro¬liferation and metastasis from the perspective of neurogenesis.

Research progress on influence of environmental and meteorological parameters on transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 / 环境与职业医学

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) is spreading rapidly around the world and has become a global pandemic. Meteorological factors have been recognized as one of the critical factors that influence the epidemiology and transmission of infectious diseases. In this context, the World Meteorological Organization and scholars at home and abroad have paid extensive attention to the relationships of environment and meteorology with COVID-19. This paper systematically collected and sorted out relevant domestic and foreign studies, and reviewed the latest research progress on the impact of environmental and meteorological factors on COVID-19, classifying them into typical meteorological factors (such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed), local environmental factors (such as indoor enclosed environment, ventilation, disinfection, and air conditioning), and air pollution. Current research evidence suggests that typical meteorological factors, local environmental factors, and air pollutants are closely related to the transmission of COVID-19. However, the results of different studies are still divergent due to uncertainty about the influencing mechanism, and differences in research areas and methods. This review elucidated the importance of environmental and meteorological factors to the spread of COVID-19, and provided useful implications for the control of further large-scale transmission of COVID-19 and the development of prevention and control strategies under different environmental and meteorological conditions.

Research progress on the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine for improving AD-related cognitive impairment / 药学学报

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other aging-related diseases have become an important public health issue in China. However, current clinical drugs have failed to reverse the pathological process of AD. The holistic approach of traditional Chinese medicine offers advantages in improving cognitive function in AD through multiple molecular pathways, and may have potential for preventing AD. This paper summarizes the effects of classical traditional Chinese medicine and its active components in the improvement of AD-related cognitive dysfunction and describes the functional targets and related molecular mechanisms. This may have significance for the prevention and treatment of AD through multi-target intervention.

Numerical simulation modeling of middle ear-eustachian tube ventilation based on Chinese digital visual human body / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To establish a three-dimensional model of middle ear-eustachian tube based on Chinese digital visual human dataset, and the deformation and pressure changes of the middle ear-eustachian tube system after eustachian tube opening are simulated by computer numerical simulation. Methods: The first female Chinese Digital Visual Human data was adopted. The images were imported by Amira image processing software, and the images were segmented by Geomagic software to form a three-dimensional model of middle ear-eustachian tube system, including eustachian tube, tympanum, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, and mastoid air cells system. The 3D model was imported into Hypermesh software for meshing and analysis. The structural mechanics calculation was carried out by Abaqus, and gas flow was simulated by Xflow. The tissue deformation and middle ear pressure changes during eustachian tube opening were numerically simulated by fluid-solid coupling algorithm. Several pressure monitoring points including tympanum, mastoid, tympanic isthmus, and external auditory canal were set up in the model, and the pressure changes of each monitoring point were recorded and compared. Results: In this study, a three-dimensional model of middle ear-eustachian tube and a numerical simulation model of middle ear ventilation were established, including eustachian tube, tympanum, mastoid air cells, tympanic membrane, and auditory ossicles. The dynamic changes of the model after ventilation could be divided into five stages according to the pressure. In addition, the pressure changes of tympanum and tympanic isthmus were basically synchronous, and the pressure changes of mastoid air cells system were later than that of tympanum and tympanic isthmus, which verified the pressure buffering effect of mastoid. The extracted pressure curve of the external auditory canal was basically consistent with that of tympanometry in terms of value and trend, which verified the effectiveness of the model. Conclusions: The numerical simulation model of middle ear-eustachian tube ventilation established in this paper can simulate the tissue deformation and middle ear pressure changes after eustachian tube opening, and its accuracy and effectiveness are also verified. This not only lays a foundation for further research, but also provides a new research method for the study of middle ear ventilation.