Correlação entre COX-2 e ciclina D-1 após administração de tamoxifeno neoadjuvante em curto prazo no tratamento de carcinoma de mama / Correlation of COX-2 and ciclyn D-1 after short-time neoadjuvant tamoxifen on breast cancer

Introdução: O tamoxifeno é a droga utilizada há mais tempo na terapia hormonal do câncer de mama. A superexpressão da ciclina D-1 interfere negativamente no tratamento com tamoxifeno e pode contribuir para predição da falha terapêutica observada em algumas pacientes. COX-2 induz a oxidação de estrogênio a dietilestilbestrol e importante ação genotóxica na mama. Ciclina D-1 e COX-2 ainda não foram descritos associados em relação ao tratamento com tamoxifeno em curto período (14 dias). Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da administração neoadjuvante de tamoxifeno em curto prazo (14 dias) sobre a expressão de COX-2 e ciclina D -1 no tratamento do câncer de mama. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo randomizado realizado na disciplina de Mastologia da Unifesp. Vinte e cinco pacientes com carcinoma de mama nos estádios II e III, subdivididas em grupos (controle, n=13, e tratamento, n=12). As amostras de ciclina D-1 e COX-2 foram avaliadas antes e após o tratamento. A avaliação imuno-histoquímica foi realizada por meio de anticorpos policlonais para COX-2 (Novo castra - Clone 4H12) e ciclina D-1 (Novocastra - Clone DCS-6). Os resultados foram classificados de acordo com a fração e intensidade de coloração das células marcadas. Resultados: Observou-se positividade da COX-2 em 56% dos tumores, sem diferença significativa nos dois momentos da amostra (p = 0,39 - Mann Whitney test*1). A expressão da COX-2 não apresentou diferença significativa nas amostras pré e pós nos grupos controle e tratamento. Na amostra total do estudo, observou-se alteração da expressão da ciclina D-1 entre os dois momentos da amostra (teste de McNemar - Diferença = 36.00% (p = 0,06). Entre os grupos controle e tratamento, observou-se que a diferença das medianas de ciclina D-1 entre as amostras pós e pré (pós - pré) demonstrou tendência à significância estatística pelo teste de Mann-Whitney (p = 0,08). Conclusão: O tratamento neoadjuvante com tamoxifeno em curto prazo (14 dias) não foi capaz de modificar...

Introduction: Tamoxifen is the most used drug in the hormonal therapy of the breast cancer. Ciclyn D-J, one CCNDJ gene product's (PRADJ), is essential for the normal lobule-alveolar mammary development and acts in the cellular cycle control. Ciclyn D-I superexpression act negatively in tamoxifen treatment, and may contribute to predict the failure observed in some patients. COX-2 activity induces oestrogen oxidation to dietilstilbestrol and promotes genotoxics effects on the breast. Ciclyn D-1 and COX-2 association had not been described yet to short time tamoxifen treatment. Objective: Evaluate short time (14 days) neoadjuvant tamoxifen effects on COX-2 and ciclyn D-1 expression in breast cancer patients. Methods: Randomized prospective study in the Federal University of Sao Paulo. Twenty five patients with stage II and III breast cancer were included. The groups were control (n = 13) and treatment (n = 12). Ciclyn D-1 and COX-2 samples were evaluated before and after treatment. Imunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue sections using a polyclonal antibody to COX-2 (Novocastra - Clone 4H12) and cyclin D-1 (Novocastra - Clone DCS-6). The results were classified according Already score, based on the intensity and fraction marked cells. Results: COX-2 was positive in 56% of tumors. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (p = 0.39 Mann Whitney test). The Difference of cyclin D-1 medium (post - pre) in the control group was 5, while in the tamoxifen group was 0.5. (p=0.08, Mann Whitney test). Correlation between COX-2 and ciclyn D-1 was expressed by Pearson index (r). In treatment group moderate linear and positive correlation was observed (r = 0.51 - Pearson's index) (p = 0.08). It wasn't observed in control group (r = 0.42) (p = 0.12). Conclusion: Tamoxifen treatment in short time period (14 days) wasn't modified significantly COX-2 and ciclyn D-1 expression.

Evaluation of the lymph flow to the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer using CT imaging

Background: Axillary nodal status remains the best survival predictor for patients with early–stage breast cancer. Accurate identification of sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the first step for biopsy. Purpose: To evaluate the lymph flow to SLN with Computerized Tomography using small volume of low molecular iodinated contrast medium. Material and Methods: Thin section and 3D CT images of the breast and axilla were acquired from 20 patients with early stage breast cancer. Images were acquired before subcutaneous injection of a small volume of water soluble iodinated contrast medium in the periareolar region and 1-7 minutes latter. Location of SLN and CT density were assessed at CT lymphography and the positive group was compared with negative one. Results: In all patients, CT lymphography allowed localization of SLN and its afferent lymphatic vessel, as well as measuring the contrast medium uptake and washout from SLN. The negative group presented grater and faster contrast medium uptake and washout compared to the positive one. Conclusion: CT lymphography provides good anatomical localization of SLN.