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Malignant tumors are one of the main causes of human death worldwide and pose a serious threat to human health. The current treatment methods are mainly the combination of chemotherapeutics， surgery， radiotherapy， or hormone therapy. The treatment process has limitations such as multidrug resistance， non-selective targeting of cancer cells， and drug toxicity. With the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， Chinese medicine has the characteristics of multi-angle and multi-mechanism coordination and slight toxic and side effects. It can effectively inhibit tumor proliferation， differentiation， and metastasis， and avoid drug resistance， serving as the focus of current tumor treatment research. Hedysari Radix， one of the genuine medicinal materials in Gansu province， is a tonic Chinese medicine with a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation， immune regulation， anti-oxidation， prevention and treatment of diabetic complications. In the majority of the ancient works on herbs of the past dynasties， Hedysari Radix was included under the item of Astragali Radix and used as Astragali Radix. Hedysari Radix is superior to Astragali Radix in enhancing immunity， scavenging free radicals， and resisting liver fibrosis. Studies have found that the effective components of Hedysari Radix have a prominent anti-tumor effect and a significant inhibitory effect on various malignant tumors such as liver cancer， bladder cancer， gastric cancer， breast cancer， and colorectal cancer. They can also combine with clinical anti-cancer drugs to reduce the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy drugs and improve the tolerance of patients during chemotherapy. On the basis of current research， this study summarized the mechanism of Hedysari Radix active components in inducing cell apoptosis， blocking cell cycle， inhibiting tumor cell proliferation， migration， and invasion， regulating micro mRNA （miRNA）， inducing cell autophagy， enhancing immune regulation， as well as reducing toxicity and enhancing efficiency and sensitization with clinical chemotherapeutics， and systematically explained the anti-tumor mechanism of Hedysari Radix active components， aiming to provide a basic reference for the further exploration of the anti-tumor mechanism of Hedysari Radix and the further development and utilization of its effective components.
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Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of TM9SF3 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods TCGA and GEPIA databases were used to screen the differentially-expressed TM9SF family molecules and analyze their effects on patient prognosis with LUAD. The expression and localization of TM9SF3 in LUAD patients were verified by a human proteomic mapping database, Western blot assay, and polymerase chain reaction assay. Herein, the GSEA was used for the signal pathway enrichment analysis of TM9SF3-related genes. Meanwhile, the TIMER database and CIBERSORT algorithm were used to analyze the correlation between differentially-expressed TM9SF3 and the degree of immune cell infiltration. Results The expression of TM9SF3 in LUAD was significantly increased and had a significant adverse effect on the prognosis of LUAD patients. In addition, immunoblotting and polymerase chain reaction confirmed that TM9SF3 was highly expressed in LUAD. Meanwhile, the genes related to TM9SF3 expression were mainly enriched in cell signaling pathways regulating immune cell activity. The expression of TM9SF3 was significantly correlated with the expression changes of six immune cells. Conclusion TM9SF3 is differentially expressed in LUAD and may be used as a potential prognostic marker for LUAD patients. TM9SF3 can also change the level of immune cell infiltration in LUAD patients and is expected to be a new potential target for LUAD immunotherapy.
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The biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are still a research hotspot in the field of radiobiology. As research deepens on LDR-induced biological effects and the mechanisms, growing evidence shows that LDR produces distinct biological effects from high-dose radiation, which questions the linear non-threshold model. This article reviews LDR-induced bystander effect, hormesis, adaptive response, and hyper-radiosensitivity, as well as the mechanisms, in order to provide a reference for the transformation of basic research on LDR-related biological effects to clinical application.
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@#Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of transthoracic occlusion via a right subaxillary incision and conventional surgery in the treatment of ventricular septal defect (VSD). Methods The clinical data of patients with congenital VSD undergoing right subaxillary incision surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical methods, the patients were divided into two groups: a conventional surgery group (conventional group) and a transthoracic occlusion group (occlusion group). There were 221 patients in the conventional group, including 97 males and 124 females, with an average age of 2.6±2.2 years and an average weight of 13.4±6.2 kg; there were 185 patients in the occlusion group, including 90 males and 95 females, with an average age of 3.2±2.6 years and an average weight of 14.7±6.6 kg. The clinical effectiveness was compared. Results The success rate of surgery was 100% in both groups. The intraoperative blood loss was less in the occlusion group (P<0.05). The incision length, operation time, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, retention time in the intensive care unit, the time to resume normal diet and normal activities after operation were all shorter than those in the conventional group (P all <0.05). The total cost during hospitalization of the conventional group was less than that of the occlusion group (P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in the incidence rate of perioperative complications between the two groups (P>0.05). During the follow-up (15.8±8.8 months), the incidence of complications in the conventional group was higher than that in the occlusion group with a statistical difference (P<0.001). Conclusion Compared with conventional surgery, transthoracic occlusion for VSD via right subaxillary incision has the advantages of smaller incision, shorter operation time, less blood loss, shorter postoperative recovery time and less long-term complications. However, the total hospitalization cost is relatively high, mainly because of the high consumables cost, and the long-term effects still need further comparative observation.
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N 6-methyladenosine (m 6A) is the most abundant RNA base modification in mammals, especially in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA). N 6-methyladenosine modification can regulate RNA splicing, translocation, stability and ultimately affect protein synthesis. m 6A modification is catalyzed by RNA writers, reduced by erasers and also be recognized by readers. Abnormal changes ofm 6A levels are closely related to tumor occurrence and development, including proliferation, growth, invasion and metastasis. In the process of tumor radiotherapy, m 6A modification affects the efficacy of radiotherapy by affecting DNA damage, tumor stem cell generation and tumor cell radiation sensitivity. This article reviews the role of m 6A-modified epigenetic regulation in malignant tumors and the research progress of its mechanism in tumor radiotherapy, in order to provide new ideas for the development of clinical tumor molecular targeted therapies and radiosensitizers.
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@#Objective To reveal the risk factors for delayed recovery and complications in infants with weight≤ 5.0 kg after surgical ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 86 patients with weight≤5.0 kg who were admitted to our institution for surgical VSD closure between January 2016 and July 2019, including 31 males and 55 females with an age of 17-266 (80.3±40.4) d and a weight of 2.5-5.0 (4.4±0.6) kg. The VSDs were divided into perimembranous (n=65, 75.6%), subaortic (n=17, 19.8%) and subaortic combined muscular types (n=4, 4.7%). Mechanical ventilation (MV) time≥24 h or ICU stay≥72 h were defined as delayed recovery. Death, sudden circulatory arrest, complete heart block requiring a permanent or temporary pacemaker implantation, neurological complications, reoperation (for residue shunt or valvular regurgitation), reintubation and diaphragmatic paralysis were considered as significant major adverse events. Results There was no death, reoperation due to residual VSD or neurological complication. Totally 51 (59.3%) patients had MV timec≥24 h and 51 (59.3%) patients stayed in the ICU≥ 72 h. Two (2.3%) patients required temporary pacemaker and six (7.0%) patients required reintubation. During the follow-up of 3-36 (15.8±8.8) months, 1 patient died of pneumonia after discharge, 5 patients suffered mild tricuspid valve regurgitation and 1 patient suffered decreased left ventricular systolic function in the follow-up. No aortic valve injuries occurred. Conclusion For patients whose weight≤5.0 kg, short-term results of surgical VSD closure are excellent. Low weight and age may prolong MV time; low birth weight and pulmonary hypertension may prolong ICU stay, but are not independent risk factors.
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Fang's scalp acupuncture is mainly used in the treatment of nervous system diseases, bone and joint pain and mental diseases. It has significant effect on the early stage recovery stage and complications of post-stroke hemiplegia. The selection of acupoint is basically the same in improving patients with neurological impairment and dyskinesia, but differenct in the selection of acupoints in the treatment of complications. In recent years, it has been widely used in the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette's syndrome. Fang's scalp acupuncture method was formed quite early with relatively complete theoretical system, but its clinical application is relatively insufficient. There exist some problems such as failing to reflect the theory of viscera and meridians in acupoint selection, the theory of acupoint selection by projection of cerebral cortex function, which needs to be proved further, the operation requirements are strict while the methods and practice of researchers are are differenct, and some clinical research design is not rigorous,etc.
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Response assessment in breast cancer by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT can measure breast cancer cell glucose metabolic level. The evaluation criteria mainly include the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria and PET response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (PERCIST). This review describes and compares the methods and clinical applications of EORTC criteria and PERCIST in response assessment among patients with locally advanced breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and recurrent and (or) metastatic breast cancer after systematic therapy.
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Objective :To compare therapeutic effect of propafenone and amiodarone on paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and their safety .Methods : A total of 90 PSVT patients ,who were treated in our hospital from Jan 2013 to May 2018 ,were selected .Patients were randomly and equally divided into propafenone group and amio—darone group ,each group received corresponding medication based on routine treatment for 24h.Blood pressure , heart rate ,cardiac function indexes :LVEDV ,LVESV and LVEF before and after treatment ,cardioversion time , successful cardioversion rate within 60 min and incidence of adverse reactions during treatment were observed and compared between two groups .Results : There was no significant difference in successful cardioversion rate (propafenone group 91.11% vs.amiodarone group 93.33%, P＝1.000) between two groups .Compared with be—fore treatment ,on 24h after treatment ,there were significant reductions in blood pressure and heart rate in two groups , P＝0. 001 all ;but there was no significant difference between two groups before and after treatment , P＞0.05 all.Cardioversion time of propafenone group was significantly shorter than that of amiodarone group [ (12. 66 ± 2.06) min vs .(22. 80 ± 2.28 ) min ] , P＝ 0. 001 .Compared with propafenone group on 24h after treatment , there was significant rise in LVEF [ (63. 24 ± 3.67)% vs.(66. 83 ± 4.01)%] ,significant reductions in LVEDV [ (96.65 ± 5.24) ml vs.(92. 09 ± 4.37) ml] and LVESV [ (38.40 ± 2.87) ml vs.(30. 13 ± 7.34) ml] in amioda—rone group , P＝ 0. 001 all.Total incidence rate of adverse reactions in amiodarone group was significantly lower than that of propafenone group (8.89% vs.24. 44%) , P＝0. 048. Conclusion : Propafenone and amiodarone possess significant therapeutic effect on PSVT .Propafenone possesses shorter cardioversion time ,while amiodarone posses— ses less adverse reactions and improve cardiac function .Therefore ,medication should be selected properly according to patient′s specific condition in clinic .
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Objective@#To investigate the feasibility of early monitoring doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity by apoptosis molecular imaging of 2-(5-[18F]fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-10) PET/CT.@*Methods@#Forty-seven BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the chemotherapy group (n=30) and the control group (n=17) according to the random number table. The mice in chemotherapy group were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (4 mg/kg) once a week for 3 weeks and mice in the control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline. All mice were subjected to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-ML-10 PET/CT imaging at day 0, 2, 9, 16, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was continuously monitored using cine cardiac MR (cine-CMR) imaging. The region of interest (ROI) was delineated on PET/CT images, and the maximum percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was calculated. The mice were sacrificed after imaging, and the heart tissue was taken for HE staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. One-way analysis of variance, independent-samples t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.@*Results@#In the chemotherapy group, the myocardial 18F-FDG uptake on day 0, 2, 9, 16 were (63.3±14.5), (93.7±24.0), (153.6±20.6) and (135.8±32.5) %ID/g respectively, and 18F-ML-10 uptake were (0.09±0.02), (0.18±0.03), (0.22±0.04) and (0.55±0.12) %ID/g respectively. Compared with baseline (day 0), 18F-FDG and 18F-ML-10 uptake were significantly increased in the chemotherapy group at each time point after DOX administration(F=6.823, 20.848, both P<0.01). The myocardial 18F-ML-10 and 18F-FDG uptake were essentially unchanged at all time points in the control group(F=2.036, 1.155, both P>0.05). TUNEL and HE staining indicated that the cardiomyocytes in the chemotherapy group showed obvious apoptosis and vacuolization, and the apoptotic index (AI) was positively correlated with the 18F-ML-10 uptake (r=0.950, P<0.01). The cine-CMR imaging results showed that the LVEF in the chemotherapy group continued to decrease after DOX administration (F=4.507, P<0.05), and significant difference was identified at day 16 (t=2.980, P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between 18F-ML-10 uptake and LVEF (r=-0.709, P=0.01).@*Conclusions@#Both 18F-FDG and 18F-ML-10 PET/CT imaging can early assess DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo. Given the high targeting specificity of 18F-ML-10, it may have a greater clinical transformation advantage over 18F-FDG in early assessment of cardiotoxicity.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of early monitoring doxorubicin ( DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity by apoptosis molecular imaging of 2-(5-[18F]fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-10) PET/CT. Methods Forty-seven BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the chemotherapy group ( n=30) and the control group ( n=17) according to the random number table. The mice in chemotherapy group were intraperitoneally injected with DOX ( 4 mg/kg) once a week for 3 weeks and mice in the control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline. All mice were subjected to 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( FDG) and 18 F-ML-10 PET/CT imaging at day 0, 2, 9, 16, and left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) was continuously monitored using cine cardiac MR (cine-CMR) imaging. The region of interest (ROI) was delin-eated on PET/CT images, and the maximum percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (％ID/g) was calculated. The mice were sacrificed after imaging, and the heart tissue was taken for HE staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL) assay. One-way analysis of variance, independent-samples t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results In the chemotherapy group, the myocardial 18F-FDG uptake on day 0, 2, 9, 16 were (63.3±14.5), (93.7±24. 0), (153.6±20.6) and (135.8±32.5) ％ID/g respectively, and 18F-ML-10 uptake were (0.09±0.02), (0.18±0.03), (0.22± 0. 04) and (0.55±0.12) ％ID/g respectively. Compared with baseline (day 0), 18F-FDG and 18F-ML-10 uptake were significantly increased in the chemotherapy group at each time point after DOX administration (F=6.823, 20.848, both P<0.01). The myocardial 18F-ML-10 and 18F-FDG uptake were essentially un-changed at all time points in the control group(F=2.036, 1.155, both P>0.05). TUNEL and HE staining indicated that the cardiomyocytes in the chemotherapy group showed obvious apoptosis and vacuolization, and the apoptotic index (AI) was positively correlated with the 18F-ML-10 uptake (r=0.950, P<0. 01). The cine-CMR imaging results showed that the LVEF in the chemotherapy group continued to decrease after DOX administration (F=4.507, P<0.05), and significant difference was identified at day 16 (t=2.980, P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between 18F-ML-10 uptake and LVEF (r=-0.709, P=0. 01) . Conclusions Both 18 F-FDG and 18 F-ML-10 PET/CT imaging can early assess DOX-induced car-diotoxicity in vivo. Given the high targeting specificity of 18 F-ML-10, it may have a greater clinical transfor-mation advantage over 18 F-FDG in early assessment of cardiotoxicity.
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Objective To develop the automated preparation of 18F-Alfatide II using newly-designed 18F-minireactor and perform 18F-Alfatide D microPET/CT imaging in tumor.Methods The automated preparation of 18F-Alfatide H was developed by using 18F-microreactor and water phase Al18F-chelating method,and the radiochemical yield and quality analysis were measured.The nude mice bearing breast tumor ZR-75-1 and nasopharyngeal tumor CNE1 were established(n = 3 respectively).MicroPET/CT imaging was performed at 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 h after the injection of 18F-Alfatide II.The region of interest(ROI)was depicted and the tumor/muscle(T/M)ratio was calculated.Results 18F-Alfatide II was automatically prepared with the total synthesis time of 40 min,the radiochemical yield of(28±6)%(no decay corrected,n=11),and the radiochemical purity >97%.All quality analysis indexes accorded with the radiopharmaceutical requirements.18F-Alfatide II microPET/CT images of ZR-75-1 and CNE1 tumors were clear due to the high radioactivity uptake of tumor lesions(T/M ratio was greater than 4.0 at 1.0 h after injection).Conclusion Based on the 18F-minireactor,the,8F-Alfatide II can be prepared successfully with short synthesis time and high radiochemical yield,which can help the application studies in 18F-Alfatide II microPET/CT imaging.
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Objective To evaluate the use of unilateral pedicle lymphography (PLG) in preoperative localization and treatment of chyluria.Methods From October 2010 to March 2017,25 cases with severe chyluria and undergoing cystoscopy and unilateral PLG before renal pedicle lymphatic disconnection were reviewed.There were 11 males and 14 females,aged 44-71 years,with an average of 58.5 years.The course of the disease was 6 months to 30 years,with an average of 8.3 years.Of them,18 cases had undergone unilateral PLG and spiral CT angiography preoperatively.Surgical treatment was performed according to PLG imaging.Results Unilateral ureteral chyluria was discovered in 16 out of the 19 cases through cystoscopy,with the sensitivity of 84.2％ (16/19).In contrast,unilateral chyluria was only detected in 4 of the other 6 patients with bilateral chyluria.Albiduria were found in the remaining 5 cases in bladder,without ureteral excreted chyle.The sensitivity for chyluria positioning by cystoscopy was 64.5％ (20/31).The location of lesion in 19 patients with unilateral chyuria and 6 patients with bilateral chyluria could be correctly displayed by PLG and the sensitivity was 100％ (31/31).There was no significant difference in location between cystoscopy and PLG in 19 patients with unilateral chyluria (P =0.2482).But in total lesion location,the sensitivity of PLG was higher than cystoscopy(P =0.0026).Eighteen patients who had undergone PLG combined with spiral CT angiography,could not only locate the chylous fistula,but also determine the number of renal vessels as well as their relationship with diseased lymphatic vessels.Chyluria had disappeared immediately after unilateral renal pedicle lymphatic exfoliation in 23 patients.However,it still presented in the other 2 patients who were confirmed contralateral pyeloymphatic fistulas by PLG 3 months after surgery and cured by reoperation.Chyluria recurred in 6 cases during follow-up of 6 to 58 months,and 4 were confirmed bilateral pyelolymphatic fistulas by PLG.Two of these 4 cases were cured by laparoscopic surgery or open surgery,respectively.The other 2 patients were cured by conservative treatment.Moreover,2 patients with unilateral chyluria recurred in situ after the first laparoscopic surgery,which was confirmed by PLG.Notably,all these patients were cured by ESWL finally.Conclusions This study suggested that PLG displays remarkable advantage in terms of localization sensitivity.PLG combined with spiral CT angiography preoperatively can not only locate the chylous fistula,but also determine the number of renal vessels as well as their relationship with diseased lymphatic vessels.Depending on PLG and spiral CT angiography,renal pedicle lymphatic disconnection can effectively protect renal vessel.In addition,it can avoid the omission of ligation for perivascular lymphatic vessels.Furthermore,PLG plays a key role in temporarily obstructing the leakage of pyelolymphatic fistulas to some extent.
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Objective To develop an automated control system of batch-reactor microfluidic device for the synthesis of PET tracers and to use it for the preparation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).Methods The 18F microreactor was composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip and customized glass microvessel integrated with stainless capillary tube as heater or cooler.PDMS chip was fabricated by silkscreen printing technology.The hardware control of digital and analog quantity of synthesizer was completed by organic integration programmable logic controller (PLC),micro air valve,temperature sensor,com pressed air source,direct current stabilized voltage source and vacuum pumps.The interface was designed using Kingyiew software.Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was applied to measure the 18F-labeling yield and the radiochemical purity of 18F-FDG.Kryptofix (K2.2.2) content,residual acetonitrile content,traits,a septic and bacterial endotoxins levels were also tested.Results The size of the microfluidic device was 10 cm× 10 cm×15 cm.The size of the automated control system was similar to the desktop chassis.The amount of precursor used in the single synthesis of 18F-FDG was 2.5 mg.The radiochemical purity of 18F-FDG was higher than 95％,the labeling yield was (92.4± 1.4) ％ and the 18 F-FDG yield was (35.6± 5.6) ％ (decay corrected).The 18F-FDG product was clear and colorless,and the pH value was 6.2±0.4.The K2.2.2 con tent was less than 50 μg/g.The residual acetonitrile content was (12.8±2.6) μg/g.Both aseptic and bacte rial endotoxins tests were negative.Conclusions A batch-mode microfluidic device is developed and successfully applied to prepare 18F-FDG.It has the advantages of high integration,small size,less consumption of labeling precursor and easy programming.
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Objective To observe the effect of salidroside on the cognitive dysfunction of rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and to explore its related mechanisms. Methods According to the random number table method, 45 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups: the normal control, diabetic model and salidroside groups, 15 rats in each group. The diabetic rat model was established by intra-peritoneal injection of 60 mg/kg STZ (72 hours after STZ injection, the caudal venous blood glucose was measured by a glucose meter, if the glucose level reached ＞16.7 mmol/L , the model was regarded as a successful one). The rats in the normal control group were injected with equal volume of citrate buffer. After model making, the salidroside group was treated with salidrosidec 15 mg/kg by intragastric administration; the normal control group and the diabetic model group were given the same volume of normal saline for gavage, 1 times a day. Morris water maze was used to test cognitive function in rats after consecutive four weeks of treatment, and the blood glucose levels of rats in various groups were detected at the onset and the end of the experiment; the protein expression and contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and intedeukin-6 (IL-6) in hippocampus were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western Blot analysis. Results Compared with the normal control group, the escape latency in diabetic model group was significantly prolonged (seconds: 62.54±7.67 vs. 19.37±4.23), the time in target quadrant was shortened (seconds:18.76±4.75 vs. 43.09±8.09), the number of crossing platform was also obviously reduced (frequency: 2.26±0.57 vs. 6.84±1.56), blood glucose levels were significantly higher (mmol/L: 24.27±3.69 vs. 6.95±1.52), protein expressions and contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in hippocampus were markedly increased [TNF-α (μg/L): 482.09±45.72 vs. 92.53±14.84, IL-6 (μg/L): 8.26±1.14 vs. 3.03±0.48; TNF-α protein (A value): 0.61±0.15 vs. 0.25±0.04, IL-6 protein (A value): 0.53±0.11 vs. 0.12±0.03, all P ＜ 0.05]. Compared with the diabetic model group, the escape latency in salidroside group was significantly shortened (seconds: 38.07±5.84 vs. 62.54±7.67), the time in target quadrant was prolonged (seconds: 31.29±5.61 vs. 18.76±4.75), the number of crossing platform was also significantly increased (frequency: 4.72±1.24 vs. 2.26±0.57), blood glucose levels were obviously lowered (mmol/L: 18.34±2.75 vs. 24.27±3.69), protein content and expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in hippocampus were remarkably decreased [TNF-α (μg/L): 328.46±39.33 vs. 482.09±45.72, IL-6 (μg/L): 6.09±0.97 vs. 8.26±1.14; TNF-α protein (A value):0.47±0.09 vs. 0.61±0.15, IL-6 protein (A value): 0.28±0.06 vs. 0.53±0.11, all P ＜ 0.05]. Conclusion Salidroside can ameliorate the cognitive impairment in STZ-induced diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be closely related to the reduction of the hippocampal inflammatory response and blood glucose level of diabetic rats.
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OBJECTIVE: To optimize reflux extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of Angelica sinensis. METHODS: The reflux extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis was optimized by Box-Behnken design-response methodology based on single factor test using volume fraction of extraction solvent ethanol, solide-liquid ration, extraction time, extraction times as investigation factors, the content of total flavonoids in extract as evaluation index. RESULTS: The optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis was that volume fractions of ethanol were 70％ and 50％; solid-liquid ratios were 1: 40 and 1: 30; extraction time were 1. 3 h and 1. 7 h; The number of extraction times is two times. In verification test, the contents of total flavonoids were 7. 253 6, 25. 144 1 mg/g (RSD= 1. 57％, 1. 49％, n = 3); relative errors of those to predicted value (6. 942 8, 25. 703 5 mg/g) were 4. 28％, 2. 24％. CONCLUSIONS: Optimized extraction technology for total flavonoids from the roots and stems of A. sinensis is simple, reproducible and predictable.
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Objective To compare the quality of Rheum palmatum L. in different areas and ages in Gansu Province by comparing five components in Rheum palmatum L. through fingerprints and QAMS (quantitative analysis of multi-components) methods; To determine the most suitable growing areas and the best development areas in Gansu Province. Methods The water content, total ashes, and water-soluble extract content in 15 batches of Rheum palmatum L. from different areas and ages in Gansu Province were determined according to the approaches listed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. The contents of five index components were determined through HPLC and the quality of 15 batches of Rheum palmatum L were evaluated by fingerprint and QAMS method. Results The results from 15 batches of Rheum palmatum L. showed that the water content was less than 15％, total ashes less than 10％, and water-soluble extract content less than 25％, conforming to Pharmacopoeia. There were 23 common peaks in the fingerprints of 15 batches of Rheum palmatum L.. Five of them were identified as aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion, which showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.0122–0.7344 μg (r=0.9999), 0.00714–5.7120 μg (r=0.9999), 0.0088–0.7040 μg (r=1.0000), 0.1224–3.6720 μg (r=0.9999) and 0.0148–5.9200 μg (r=0.9997), respectively. There was no significant difference between the calculated value and the measured value by using the relative correction factor (RCF), and the reproducibility of RCF was good. The quality of Rheum palmatum L. from different areas and ages in Gansu Province significantly differed (P<0.05). Two year old Rheum palmatum L. from Pingxiang village of Li county and Rushu village of Tanchang county had the best quality, and that of three years old was better than two years old from Tanchang county. Conclusion The established fingerprints and QAMS method is accurate, feasible, and can be used for the quality comparison of Rheum palmatum L. from different areas and ages in Gansu Province. Li County and Tanchang County areas in Gansu Province can be used as suitable planting areas and development industry. Therefore, it is recommended to select more than two yeas old Rheum palmatum L. from Tanchang County and Li County in Gansu Province for medicinal application.
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Objective To study the inhibitory effect on proliferation of Hela cells of podophyllotoxin,4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin and drug combination of different proportion of nano-sillca (SiO2) and 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin in vitro,and discuss the mechanism.Methods Used ethyl silicate hydrolysis method to prepare 25 nm SiO2 sample,next carried 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin after the surface modification,and measure cell campatibility by MTT method and Hoechst 33342.The inhibitory effect of podophyllotoxin,4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin and drug combination on proliferation of Hela cells was measured by MTT assay.Hoechst 33342 staining method was used to detect cell apoptosis.The effect ofdmg combination treatment on cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope.Western blotting technique was used to detected effect of 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin and drug combination on expression of apoptosis related protein.Results Inhibitory effect onproliferation of Hela cells of 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin is superior to podophyllotoxin,inhibitory effect of drug combination is superior to the single 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin,the inhibition of drug combination with 0.125 μg/mL nano SiO2 and 6.25 μg/mL 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin is the most obvious.MTT and Hoechst 33342 experimental results showed that the 25 nm SiO2 have good cell compatibility.Podophyllotoxin,4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin and drug combination can induce apoptosis.Western blotting results showed that 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin and drug combination can up-regulate the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and the expression level of Caspase-3、P53 and P38.Conclusion In vitro experimental performance of drug combination is superior to single 4'-demethylepi-podophyllotoxin,it is may by effecting the expression of Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3,P53,and P38 and others apoptosis related protein to induce Hela cell apoptosis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of rapamycin (RAPA) on mitochondrial injury in a mouse model of aging Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Forty senescence-accelerated prone mice 8 (SAMP8) (12-month old) were randomly divided into 5 groups:blank group,model group,and RAPA low-,middle-,and high-dose groups.Mice in the model group and three RAPA groups were administered a subcutaneous injection of MPTP to generate the PD model.RAPA at 1,2,and 4 mg· kg 1· d 1 was administered from 7 days before,5 days during,and 7 days after the PD model preparation to the RAPA groups;an equal volume of sterile saline was administered to the other two groups.After the administration,behavioral test scores,dopamine levels,transmembrane potential of mitochondria,and activity of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ in the 5 groups were evaluated.Results Behavioral scores,dopamine levels,transmembrane potential,mitochondrial complex Ⅰ activity of mice in the model group were significantly decreased compared with the blank group (P ＜ 0.05 respectively).All indexes in the RAPA groups were significantly improved compared to the model group (P ＜ 0.05 respectively).There was no significant difference among the three RAPA groups.Conclusion RAPA has a protective effect on aging PD model mice,and its mechanism may be related to the protection against mitochondrial damage.
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Objective To investigate whether myocardial perfusion impairment and left ventricular (LV) longituadinal systolic dysfunction had happened in patients with coronary slow flow(CSF),and to assess the relationship between them by myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE) and speckle tracking imaging(STI).Methods A total of 55 patients underwent coronary angiography for angina were enrolled,of those 35 with coronary slow flow phenomenon as CSF group,20 patients with normal coronary angiography as control group.STI and MCE were performed from the apical 4-,3 and 2 chamber views at baseline and after low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (LDDSE) in CSF group and control group.STI derived LV global longitudinal strain(GLS) and GLS amplitude of variation(△GLS),and MCE derived myocardial blood flow(MBF),and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) were obtained.And the correlation between GLS/△GLS and MBF/MFR was analyzed.Results At baseline,the GLS and MBF were similar between CSF group and control group(P ＞0.05).After LDDSE,both GLS and MBF were significantly increased in two groups (P ＜0.05).The GLS,△GLS,MBF,and MFR in CSF group were significantly lower than those in control group(P ＜0.05).There was no significant correlation between GLS and MBF at baseline in the CSF group(r =-0.274,P =0.111).However,after LDDSE significant correlation existed between GLS and MBF(r =-0.630,P =0.000).Conclusions LV longituadinal systolic function is impaired in patients with CSF under dobutamine stress test,the impairment of MBF and MFR could be an important contributor to the decrease of LV longituadinal systolic function.