Conflicto armado, variables socio-económicas y formación ciudadana: un análisis de impacto / Armed conflict, socio-economic variables and citizenship formation: an impact analysis / Conflito armado, variáveis socioeconômicas e formação cidadã: uma análise de impacto

En este artículo buscamos exponer los efectos que tienen las condiciones socioeconómicas y el conflicto armado sobre los aprendizajes ciudadanos. Para ello, adoptamos un enfoque cuantitativo que nos permitió analizar cómo las condiciones económicas, sociales y de conflicto armado determinan el desarrollo de Competencias Ciudadanas. Lo anterior nos llevó a establecer que las variables socio-económicas tienen un impacto mayor en el desarrollo de acciones, actitudes y emociones favorables, mientras que las condiciones de conflicto armado están más asociadas a la construcción de ambientes democráticos.

In this article the authors highlight the effects of socio-economic conditions and the armed conflict on citizens’ learning. To do this the researchers adopted a quantitative approach that facilitated an analysis of how economic and social conditions and armed conflict determine the development of citizenship competencies. This led to the identification that socio-economic variables have a greater impact on the development of actions, attitudes and favorable emotions while the conditions of the armed conflict are more associated with the construction of democratic environments.

Neste artigo buscou-se demonstrar os efeitos das condições socioeconômicas e do conflito armado sobre a aprendizagem cidadã. Para isso, foi adotada uma abordagem quantitativa que permitiu analisar como as condições econômicas, sociais e de conflito armado determinam o desenvolvimento de Competências de Cidadania. Com esses dados, percebeu-se que as variáveis socioeconômicas têm um impacto maior no desenvolvimento de ações, atitudes e emoções favoráveis, enquanto as condições de conflito armado estão mais associadas à construção de ambientes democráticos.

Geohelmintosis intestinales en el hombre y animales domésticos de sectores ribereños de la cuenca del río Valdivia Chile / Intestinal geohelminthosis in man and domestic animals in riverside sectors of Valdivia river basin, Chile

In march - october 1987 were analyzed 1295 coprological specimens in a sample of the human population who lives in riverside localities in the Valdivia river basin, Chile. A 23,6 for percent of examined persons presented infection by one or more helminth species. The prevalence of infection by ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and trichostrongylidae gen. sp were 15,5; 12,7 and 0,2 for percent, respectively. The prevalence of human ascariosis and trichuriosis were greater in pre-school and school children. The sex of the host and prevalence of geohelminthosis did not show any relationship. Prevalences of ascariosis and trichuriosis were higher in persons from houses no sanitary fecal and water disposal. Over 35 for percent and 20,7 for percent of family groups showed infection by A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, respectively in over 40 for percent of the members of each group. Fecal samples from domestic mammals revealed the following prevalences rates helminth infections: in dogs 19,0 and 15,2 for percent for toxocara canis and uncinaria stenocephala respectively, in cats 65,1 for percent for toxocara cati, and in pigs 25,4 and 3,2 for percent for ascaris suum and trichuris suis respectively. Some of these species are clearly demostrated agents of zoonoses

Ecological aspects of nematode parasites of introduced salmonids from Valdivia river basin, Chile

Between 1986 and 1987 fishes distributed among the following species introduced in Chile, and from different sectors of the Valdivia river basin (39graus 30' - 40 graus00', 73 graus 30' - 71 graus 45'W), were examined: 348 Salmo trutta, 242 salmo gairdneri, 24 Cyprinus carpio and 52 Gambusia affinis holbrooki. The presence of Camallanus corderoi and Contracaecum sp. in S. gairdneri and of C. corderoi in S. trutta is recorded in Chile for the first time. Cyprinus carpio and G. a. holbrooki did not present infections by nematodes. The prevalence and mean intensity of the infections by nematodes presented significant differences among some sectors of the Valdivia river basin. In general, the prevalence and intensity of the infections by C. corderoi were greater than those by Contracaecum sp. The infections in S. gairdneri were higher than in S. trutta. The sex of the hosts had no influence on the prevalence and intensity of the infections by both nematodes. The length of the hosts did have an influence, except in the case of the infections by Contracaecum sp. in S, gairdneri. The infrapopulations of both nematode species showed over dispersion in most cases. The diet of the examined salmonids suggests that they would become infected principally throught the consuption of autochthonous fishes