Effect of discrete (individual) and mixed (bulk) genomic DNA on genetic diversity estimates and population structure in Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.).

Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.), a paragon timber tree of tropical deciduous forests of Central and Peninsular India, is highly prized for its wood colour, decorative grains, durability and lightness. An experiment was carried out to compare the genetic variation detected and genetic relationships inferred in five teak populations via 10 genomic DNA samples per population each of either single seed or bulk of 3- or 5- seeds with the help of ISSR markers. The genomic DNA of single seed exhibited higher number of polymorphic loci, per cent polymorphism, nei’s genetic diversity and shannon Information Index than the bulk genomic DNA of 3- or 5- seeds. The bulking of genomic DNA of 3- and 5- seeds using Nei’s genetic distance coefficient revealed similar genetic relationships, which were at variance with those in single seed treatment. Mantel’s correlation test among the genetic distance matrices of single seed sampling, 3-seed bulk and 5-seed bulk sampling also confirmed the trend. Since the bulking of genomic DNA did not generate compatible estimates of diversity parameters and genetic relationship of five populations from its single seed sampling, we recommend strict guarding of identities of genotypes within the collected samples for obtaining precise estimates and drawing accurate conclusions about the genetic diversity and clustering of populations.

comparative study between the Montessori curriculum and the developed curriculum of the Egyptian Ministry ofEducation in the capabilities of creative thinking for kindergarten children

Problem: The research studies the comparison in the Capabilities of Creative Thinking of kindergarteners between Montessori's curriculum and the Developed Curriculum of the Egyptian Ministry of Education. The Research's Question was there significant differences in the average total scores in the Capabilities of Creative Thinking between kindergarteners who use the Montessori curriculum and kindergarteners who use the Curriculum of the Egyptian Ministry of Education?

Aim:The research aims to measure the creative capabilities of kindergarteners by using both the Montessori curriculum and the Curriculum of the Egyptian Ministry of Education and to make a comparison between the Montessori curriculum and the Curriculum of the Egyptian Ministry of Education in the Capabilities of Creative Thinking

Methodology: The researcher depended on the Comparative Approach by using two groups, a group of kindergarteners under Montessori's, and another that uses the Curriculum of the Egyptian Ministry of Education

Community: The researcher relayed on 60 children divided into two groups of 30 students each. One group in Montessori's classrooms; and the other in the curriculum of the Egyptian Ministry of Education classrooms

Tools: Goodenough-Harris Draw-a-Person test, to measure the intelligence level, and The Creative Thinking Test by E. Paul Torrance

Statistical Methods: Will be used the value of T-test to find the difference of the averages between the two groups

Results: There are significant statistical differences in the Capabilities of Creative Thinking between kindergarteners in Montessori's curriculum and the Developed Curriculum of the Egyptian Ministry of Education