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1.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2012 Nov; 50(11): 785-794
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-145317

RESUMO

Phyllanthus amarus (PA) is commonly used in traditional medicine for hepatoprotectivity. The major limitation is that, treatment requires a large quantity of herbal extract for a longer duration. Aim of the present study was to encapsulate ethanolic plant extract for sustained release of constituents in intestine and facilitate maximum absorption. The efficacy was compared for the hepatoprotective activity of nanoencapsulated ethanolic extract of P. amarus (NPA) and PA in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxic male rats. Based on total phenol content (TPC), the loading efficiency of nanocapsules was 89% (pH 7.0) and optimum concentration was 2:18 (mg/mL) for plant extract: olive oil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a spherical morphology, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) identified mean particle diameter as 213 nm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the phytoconstituents were stable. An oral dose of NPA (20 mg/kg body wt.) showed a better hepatoprotective activity than PA (100 mg/kg body wt.) and also repeated dose oral toxicity proved to be safe. These biochemical assessments were supported by rat biopsy examinations. In conclusion, the nanoemulsification method may be applied for poor water-soluble ethanolic herbal extracts to reduce the dosage and time.

2.
J Environ Biol ; 2009 Mar; 30(2): 265-270
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-146183

RESUMO

The present study was undertaken to find out the toxic effect of synthetic pyrethroid lambda cyhalothrin on the functioning of endocrine glands in freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus.The fish were exposed to the pesticide for a period of 45 days at a sublethal concentration of 5.768 ppm. Analysis of hormone profile was carried out on the 15, 30 and 45 days of exposure to find out the alteration in hormone secretion and the response of the fish to the compound. The results obtained showed a significant decline(p<0.05) in levels of thyroid hormones and testosterone while a significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in cortisol levels during the different days of exposure of the fish to lambda cyhalothrin

3.
J Environ Biol ; 2008 Jan; 29(1): 43-5
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-113276

RESUMO

Larvicidal effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) and karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil cakes (individuals and combination) was studied against mosquito species. Both the oil cakes showed larvicidal activity against the mosquito species tested. The combination of neem and karanja oil cakes in equal proportion proved to have better effect than the individual treatments. The combination of the two oil cakes recorded an LC95 of 0.93, 0.54 and 0.77% against the mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi respectively The increase in efficacy of the combination treatment over individuals in all the mosquito larvae tested was found to range about 4 to 10 fold in terms of LC50 and 2 to 6 fold in terms of LC95.


Assuntos
Aedes , Animais , Anopheles , Azadirachta/química , Culex , Culicidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Pongamia/química , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de Tempo
5.
J Environ Biol ; 2007 Apr; 28(2): 201-7
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-113637

RESUMO

The hepatoprotective potential of a herbal mixture was evaluated against CCl4 induced liver injury in Swiss albino mice. Liv 52, a commercially available polyherbal hepatoprotective drug was evaluated for comparison. The potential toxicity of the above herbal hepatoprotective agents was also compared. It was observed that there was a reduction in the enzyme biomarkers (Aspartate and Alanine Transaminase) of liver injury in the herbal mixture treated groups, which was similar to the reduction initiated by Liv 52. An increase in glutathione was observed in the herbal mixture treated groups and it was assumed that the herbal mixture protects the liver by virtue of its antioxidant nature along with high regeneration initiation potential. From the study it is also concluded that the herbal mixture is safer than Liv 52.


Assuntos
Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Magnoliopsida/química , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Tetracloreto de Carbono , Creatinina/sangue , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Glutationa/metabolismo , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatopatias/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Camundongos , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais/toxicidade , Substâncias Protetoras/uso terapêutico , gama-Glutamiltransferase/metabolismo
6.
J Environ Biol ; 2004 Oct; 25(4): 419-21
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-113905

RESUMO

A laboratory investigation was undertaken to study the cyclic usage of field recommended doses of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), Bacillus sphaericus (Bsp) and combination of Bti and Bsp (half the recommended dose of each) with deltamethrin 2.8 EC to attain better control of mosquito larvae. To understand the susceptibility status of the Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in the field, early fourth instar field collected larvae were exposed to the above treatments of biopesticides and were monitored for their persistency till 50% mortality was obtained. The larvae those survived in each treatment were transferred to the concentration of deltamethrin that gave 50% mortality. Observations on larval mortality after the treatment with deltamethrin were recorded after 24 h. The results revealed that Bti excels Bsp, as it recorded 54% mortality only on 17th day after application. The other salient finding of this study is LC50 of deltamethrin is sufficient to follow the biopesticides application for an effective control of Culex larvae.


Assuntos
Animais , Bacillus/patogenicidade , Culex/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Índia , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Insetos Vetores/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Dose Letal Mediana , Nitrilas/toxicidade , Piretrinas/toxicidade , Fatores de Tempo , Wuchereria bancrofti
7.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2004 Sep; 42(9): 909-12
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-62447

RESUMO

In the biphasic model of triton-induced hyperlipidemia, C. sativum at a dose of 1g/kg body weight reduced cholesterol and triglycerides levels in both synthesis and excretory phases in rats, and the results were comparable with that of Liponil, a commercially available herbal hypolipidemic drug. The results suggest that coriander decreases the uptake and enhances the breakdown of lipids. From the study it can be assumed that coriander has the potential to be popularized as a household herbal remedy with preventive and curative effect against hyperlipidemia.


Assuntos
Animais , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Colesterol/metabolismo , Coriandrum/química , Hiperlipidemias/sangue , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Polietilenoglicóis , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo
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