Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Saudi Patients Regarding Diabetic Retinopathy: A Multi-Center Cross Sectional Survey

Objective: This study is aimed at investigating the knowledge, practice and attitude of the patients with type-2diabetes mellitus regarding diabetic retinopathy in Saudi Arabia. Introduction: Diabetes self-management isdefined as a crucial factor in patients’ care. Many studies show that the lack of sufficient knowledge, goodpractice, and positive attitude among the patients concerning their disease and its complications is due toilliteracy. Therefore, presenting knowledge, practices, and attitudes towards the management of diabetes shouldbe done before considering any possible intervention. The materials and methods section explains the datacollection and analysis along with their limitations. In the results part, the data collected from each section areexplained and summarized in tables. In the discussion section, the results are explained and then related to theprevious studies. Then the conclusion sums up all the results found and subsequently recommends the best wayfor the future researchers to improve the results of the research.

Two new records of flies causing myiasis from Saudi Arabia with a survey of flies parasitizing goats and sheep in Jazan Region

@#Despite the medical, veterinary and forensic relevance of myiasis-causing flies, knowledge of their diversity in Saudi Arabia is limited especially in the southern region. Therefore, a survey of myiasis-causing flies in the Jazan region was carried out using Red Top Fly Catcher traps baited with either decomposing beef liver or a lure composed primarily from fishmeal during the period April 2013-March 2014. Twelve known species were identified and recorded in this study, seven species of them belonging to Calliphoridae (Chrysomya, Lucilia, and Hemipyrella) and five species belonging to Sarcophagidae (Sarcophaga). Two of these species were recorded for the first time for Saudi Arabia, namely Hemipyrella pulchra (Wiedemann, 1830) and Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) exuberans Pandellé, 1896. Images of the species recorded are also provided for the first time. The results expand the knowledge of geographical distribution, fauna, and habitat of the myiasis-causing flies in Saudi Arabia. Biological information and world-wide geographical distribution of these species are included together with some taxonomic remarks.

Evaluation of Recent Updates Regarding Adherent Placenta, Diagnosis and Management

Background: The adherent placenta is a range of pathologic adherence of the placenta, including placentaincreta, placenta percreta, and placenta accreta. Villous invasion depth determines the severity of thecomplications, and the villi sometimes invade the surrounding pelvic organs. Therefore, any surgical procedurebecomes technically difficult, especially with excessive neovascularity. Objective: The prenatal diagnosis of theadherent placenta has become essential to its management and outcome. In this article, we aimed to review thepublished literature that discussed adherent placenta diagnosis and management. Method: A comprehensivesearch was done using biomedical databases including Medline, and PubMed to study the role of AdherentPlacenta. Keywords used in our search through the databases were “Adherent Placenta”, “Placenta Increta,Placenta Percreta, and Placenta Accreta”, and “Pathophysiology and Management”. Conclusion: The mainstayimaging technique in cases of placenta accreta is ultrasound. Pelvic ultrasound is highly reliable to diagnose orexclude the presence of placental adhesive disorders. However, when the ultrasound results are not conclusive,MRI is recommended, because it has a higher potential benefit. In general, the recommended management of anadherent placenta is planned cesarean hysterectomy with a hysterotomy that avoids the placenta. Appropriatecounseling can be conducted to consider alternative management strategies. A center with a multidisciplinaryteam experienced in the care of the condition should conduct the delivery in order to optimize the response toevery peri and intraoperative complication.

Formulation, evaluation and release rate characteristics of medicated jelly of vitamin C

Medicated jelly formulations are patient friendly dosage form for pediatric, geriatric and dysphagic patients. These formulations offer rapid dissolution and absorption of drugs through oral mucosa therefore show the early onset of action. The objective of the study was to develop and evaluate oral jelly formulations of vitamin C. Slurry method was adopted using glucose 103gm, sugar 67gm, gelatin 10gm and sorbitol 6.56gm. Preformulation studies were performed including the organoleptic profile, pH, and solubility of both drugs. The medicated jelly of Vitamin C was prepared and evaluated for physical characteristics, weight variation, syneresis, pH, taste and palatability, drug content, release rate characteristics and stability studies. All the jellies were found to have patient welcoming taste and were palatable. All formulations showed more than 50% drug release within 15 minutes, while 93% drug was released in 30 minutes. The results of release kinetics showed that the formulation followed the zero order release kinetics. Thus the drug was released at constant rate independent of the drug concentration involved in the process. All the medicated jellies were found to remain stable stored for 60 days at different temperatures. The present study revealed that medicated jellies of vitamin C could be employed orally in an effective form as an alternative solid oral dosage form for special population such as pediatrics, geriatrics and patients with dysphagia

Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy intervention for the management of stone disease

Background: The role of ureteroscopy has dramatically evolved over the past twenty years driven by profound enhancement in various factors and assisting techniques such as the ureteroscope size, deflection capabilities, video-imaging, and in lithotripsy [stone breakage] with the advent of holmium laser, however, the stone size plays a critical role in determining outcomes and operative approach

Aim of the work: we conducted a systematic review of the literature to look at the safety and efficacy of flexible utereroscopy and laser lithotripsy intervention in patients with stone disease; particularly those with stones larger than 2 cm

Methods: A systematic search was performed in the scientific database particularly MEDLINE [2000-2017], EMBASE [2000- 2017], Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL [2000-2017], Google Scholar, and individual urologic journals

Results: The search yielded eight studies involving 392 patients, [390 renal units] were reportedly treated with FURSL

The mean operative time was 80.7 minutes [26-215 min]

The mean stone-free rate was 91.2% [77%-96.7%], with an average of 1.6 procedures per patient. The mean stone size was 2.5 cm except for one most recent study which reported stones size less than 0.5 cm. An overall complication rate was 8.1%. Major complications developed in 21 [4.2%] patients and minor complications developed in 19 [3.9%] patients

Conclusion: Flexible Ureteroscopy and Laser Lithotripsy intervention has proven to be not only a less invasive treatment but also a successful with a low complication and stone free rate [SFR] for renal calci larger than 2 cm. FURSL may represent an alternative therapy to standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy [PCNL] with satisfactory efficacy and low morbidity

Assessment of Porcelain Fused to Metal Crown Preparations by General Practitioners in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Principles for fabricating prosthetic restorations include sufficient axial preparation and adequate occlusal clearance of the prepared teeth. This study measured the convergence angles in the prepared teeth for porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crowns done by general practitioners in different regions of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the presence of planar occlusal reductions, functional cusp bevels and rounded angles in prepared casts were evaluated. Methods: Sixty dies were selected from the working casts of prepared PFM crowns by general dental practitioners. The dies were divided into four equal groups according to the region. All the measured dies were mounted with the occlusal plane of the prepared teeth parallel to the floor. Photographs of buccal and proximal aspects of the dies were taken and then transferred into a personal computer. An AutoCAD software program was used to measure the mesiodistal and buccolingual convergence angles. The planar occlusal reduction, functional cusp bevel and presence of rounded angles of each preparation were evaluated. The data were recorded, then analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The mean convergence angles were high above the ideal range (4º-14º) in all of the selected regions. The mean mesiodistal convergence angle nearest to the ideal range was registered in teeth prepared in Dammam region, which was lower than tooth preparations from Jeddah, Abha and Jazan regions. Statistically significant differences with buccal, lingual taper and buccolingual convergence existed between the regions. Also significant differences were observed between the teeth preparation samples from four regions with distal taper and mesiodistal convergence angles. Conclusion: The achieved convergence angles of tooth preparations for PFM crowns by different general practitioner were out of the recommended range mentioned in dental literature.

Histology and ultrastructure of male reproductive system of the Indian Spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Decapoda: Palinuridae) / Histología y ultraestructura del sistema reproductor masculino de la langosta espinosa de la India Panulirus homarus (Decapoda: Palinuridae)

The spiny lobster Panulirus homarus, distributed along the Southeast and Southwest coasts of India, is an important commercial species having mariculture potential. Despite its importance, the structural and ultrastructure features of male gonads from this species have received scarce attention. Hence this study was aimed to describe the male reproductive tract of the species, using standard histological and electron microscopy techniques. Gonads from 94 specimens of P. homarus ranging in carapace length 37mm-92mm from vizhinjam (Southwest coast of India.) were obtained and processed for the study (Histology-70 numbers & ultrastructure-24 numbers). The male reproductive system consists of paired testis and vas deferens located in the cephalothoracic region. Macroscopically, the reproductive tract was observed in lobsters >35mm carapace length. In immature testis, spermatogonia were seen which measured 6.9-13.8µm in diameter and in the mature testis primary (5.4-5.9µm) and secondary spermatocytes (2.8-3µm) and spermatids (2.2-2.4µm) were present. Each vas deferens consists of proximal and distal portions. The spermatophoric mass begins formation in the proximal vas deferens. In the distal vas deferens the spermatophoric mass containing the spermatozoa are arranged in packets towards the periphery by the gelatinous matrix produced by the typhlosole. Ultrastructurally, the spermatogonia have lamina, nucleus and mitochondria like bodies, the primary spermatocytes have nucleus, dense chromatin and vacuolated cytoplasm and the spermatids have mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and centrioles. The endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope in the spermatids form the acrosome. The radial arms with microtubules are formed in association with the dense endoplasmic reticulum, near the nucleus. The sperm has a spherical structure with the nucleus, lamellar region, spikes and acrosome. This is the first comprehensive report of the structure of the male gametes and spermatogenesis in P. homarus from Indian waters.Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (2): 533-541. Epub 2014 June 01.

La langosta espinosa Panulirus homarus, distribuida a lo largo de las costas sudeste y sudoeste de la India, es una especie de importancia comercial con gran potencial para la mari-cultura. A pesar de su importancia, las características estructurales y ultraestructurales de las gónadas masculinas de esta especie han sido poco estudiadas. Debido a esto, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir el aparato reproductor masculino de dicha especie, utilizando técnicas convencionales de microscopía histológica y electrónica. Se procesaron 94 ejemplares de P. homarus de vizhinjam (costa suroeste de la India) (70 individuos para histología y 24 para ultraestructura), cuyos caparazones variaron de 37 mm a 92 mm de longitud. El sistema reproductor masculino de esta especie consistió en un par de testículos y un conducto deferente situados en la región céfalo-torácica. Macroscópicamente, el aparato reproductor se observó en langostas con una longitud de caparazón >35mm. En testículos inmaduros, la espermatogonia midió 6.9-13.8μm de diámetro y se encontró presente en los testículos maduros primarios (5.4-5.9μm), espermatocitos secundarios (2.8 a 3 μm) y espermátidas (2.2-2.4μm). Cada conducto deferente consistió de porciones proximales y distales. La formación de la masa espermatofórica comienza en los conductos deferentes proximales. En el conducto deferente distal espermatofórico, la masa que contiene los espermatozoides está dispuesta en paquetes hacia la periferia, en una matriz gelatinosa producida por el tiflosol. Ultraestructuralmente, las espermatogonias presentan una lámina, núcleo y mitocondrias, los espermatocitos primarios tienen núcleo, cromatina densa y citoplasma vacuolado, mientras que las espermátidas tienen mitocondrias, retículo endoplasmático y centríolos. En las espermátidas, el retículo endoplásmico y la envoltura nuclear forman el acrosoma. Los brazos radiales con microtúbulos se forman en asociación con el retículo endoplásmico denso, cerca del núcleo. El esperma presenta una estructura esférica con el núcleo, la región laminar, las espinas y el acrosoma. Este documento constituye el primer informe exhaustivo de la estructura de los gametos masculinos y espermatogénesis en P. homarus de la India.

ABCA1 C69T gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Saudi population.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease induced by complex interactions between environmental factors and certain genetic factors. Genetic variants in the Adenosine Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins 1 (ABCA1) have been associated with abnormalities of serum lipid levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Decreased serum levels of HDL-C have often been observed in T2DM cases, and this condition has been considered to be involved in the mechanism of insulin resistance (IR). Therefore, we investigated possible association between ABCA1 C69T gene polymorphism and T2DMin a Saudi population. This study was carried out with 380 healthy control subjects and 376 T2DM patients. Genotyping of ABCA1 C69T polymorphism was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique. We observed that the frequency of the T allele of the ABCA1 C69T gene was significantly higher in healthy subjects compared to T2DMpatients (0.28 vs 0.45; p<0.0001; OR (95% CI) = 0.4624 (0.3732–0.5729), and therefore the T allele may be a protective factor against T2DM in the Saudi population.

Avoidable causes in pedicle instrumentation failure

The authors reviewed factors related to the surgical techniques attributed to surgeon-errors which result in failures of the construct of the internal fixation of thoracolumbar fractures through transpedicular screws systems, and how these could be avoided. The authors reviewed 280 consecutive patients with traumatic thoracolumbar fractures who underwent spinal surgical fixation with short segment transpedicular screw instrumentation at two institutions, between January 1997 and June 2005. All patients in this series were victims of high-force trauma. Among this series, 30 patients had a construct failure attributed to surgeon-related errors. Clinical evaluation of the patients was performed on admission and at postoperative period using ASIA scale. All patients were radiologically investigated by plane x-rays and computerized tomographic scan spine on admission and occasionally MRI and 3D CT scan of the spine when required. We used McAfee classification of thoracolumbar injuries. Surgical treatment was indicated in cases of biomechanical instability of the spine and/or if a neurologic deficit was imminent or already present, the patients were followed-up as regard to clinical and radiological evidence of construct failure. Thirty patients out of 280 patients with post-traumatic thoracolumbar injuries had construct failures. Main clinical presentation of construct failure was severe pain and inability to walk at postoperative period. Radiologically there was progressive spinal deformity with and without implant failures. The locations of the fractures in order of frequency were as follows: L1 in 18 cases, L2 in 7 cases, T12 in 5 cases. The construct failure was in the form of screw binding in 6 patients, screw breakage in 12 patients, screw/rod dislodgement in 3 patients, progressive kyphosis in 5 patients, disengaged screw's cup in 2 patients, and broken rods in 2 patients. Successful use of transpedicular screws in traumatic thoracolumbar fractures is predicated on understanding of biomechanical properties of both the spine and implants. Great attention must be directed to maintain the sagittal and coronal balances of the spine over the sacrum through reconstruction of comminuted anterior vertebral column and appropriate distraction of the construct. In spite of routine use of pedicle, screw has not been free of complications; the majority of construct failures is not actually device failures but instead is surgeon-related errors

Vertebroplasty in combination with pedicle screw instrumentation: a new trend in traumatic thoracolumbar fractures

The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of vertebroplasty with polymethyl methacrylate [PMMA], in combination with posterior short-segment reduction and fixation in patients with traumatic thoracolumbar fractures especially with failure of the anterior spinal column to reduce the incidence of construct failure and avoid supplementary anterior approach. Selected fifteen patients with unstable traumatic thoracolumbar fractures with incomplete neurologic deficits were included in this prospective study. They had undergone a surgery for posterior short-segment instrumentation combined with conventional transpedicular vertebroplasty. Polymethyl methacrylate was used to restore the height of anterior column. For vertebroplasty simple instruments were used. The pre and postoperative clinical assessment of the patients in this study was according to Frankel clinical grading. In all patients computed tomography [CT] spine with 3D reconstructions and occasionally magnetic resonance imaging studies were used for initial and follow-up radiological assessment beside the plain X-ray films. The mean follow-up period was one year. The postoperative radiographs and CT scans with 3D reconstruction demonstrated a good reduction of the fractures and restoration of the anterior height of the vertebral body in all patients. The anterior height of the vertebral body could be restored up to 70 - 90% of the estimated intact height. No patients showed construct failure during the follow-up period. Complications included, cement leakage in eleven cases; one patient developed additional neurological deficit. Transpedicular conventional vertebroplasty is a suitable technique to maintain the restored height of collapsed anterior column, when used in combination with posterior instrumentation; it can be effective and sufficient in management of traumatic thoracolumbar fractures to reduce the construct failure resulting from compromised anterior column

Severe hypovitaminosis D is widespread and more common in non-diabetics than diabetics in Saudi adults

To compare the incidence of hypovitaminosis D in subjects, with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], and determine its association to various risk factors. Three hundred and forty-one [177 non-diabetic, and 164 T2DM] Saudi adults were included in this cross-sectional study conducted at the Biomarkers Research Program [BRP] of King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from March to August 2009. Anthropometrics and fasting blood samples were obtained. Fasting glucose [FG] and lipid profiles were determined. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25[OH]D] and parathyroid hormone [PTH] were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Severe hypovitaminosis D was defined as serum 25[OH]D with levels <12.5 nmol/l. Age was the most significant predictor of 25[OH]D in both groups, explaining 25% [p=0.0005] and 16% of variances [p=0.0005]. Waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and body mass index were significant predictors of 25[OH]D among non-diabetics after age adjustment, explaining 21% of variance perceived [p=0.039]. Serum PTH levels were higher in non-diabetic men and women. Severe hypovitaminosis D is prevalent in both non-diabetic and diabetic Saudis, but was more common in the young and middle-aged non-diabetics. The study further underscores the need for vitamin D fortification of the Saudi diet, and the promotion of vitamin D supplementation in both groups

Chemopreventive effect of green tea on 9, 12 dimethyibenz-[a]-Anthracene [DMBA]-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

Oral cancer prevention using naturally occurring substances that could be included in diet consumed by humans, is gaining attention. Investigating the chemopreventive effect of green tea, through assessment of mutant p53 immunoexpression, in the hamster buccal pouch epithelium-induced carcinogenesis. Forty-five hamsters were divided into 3 groups. Group A was served as controls. In group B, left pouches of hamsters were painted with 0.5% Dimethylbenz-[a]-anthracene [DMBA], 3 times/week for 6 weeks. Hamsters of group C were given Epigallocatechin Gallate [EGCG]; five animals were sacrificed [Group C3], the remaining 20 were divided into 2 groups; group C1 was given EGCG and DBMA and group C2 was given DBMA only. All pouches were surgically excised, fixed, processed for H and E and mutant p53 immunohistochemical staining. Mutant p53 immunoexpression score was highly significant in group B, compared to group C1 which was given EGCG only. Administration of EGCG, before and in combination with the carcinogen [group C1] resulted in significantly decreased expression of mutant p53 parallel to decreased grades of dysplasia. Administration of EGCG alone for 2 weeks [group C3] showed negative mutant p53 expression. EGCG proved to be a chemopreventive and/or protective agent; through suppressing and/or retarding malignant transformation, reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. The apoptosis may be possibly through preventing p53 mutations

Acute post cessation smoking. A strong predictive factor for metabolic syndrome among adult Saudis

To determine the influence of tobacco exposure in the development of metabolic syndrome [MS] in the adult Saudi population. Six hundred and sixty-four adults [305 males and 359 females] aged 25-70 years were included in this cross-sectional study conducted at the King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, between June 2006 and May 2007. We classified the participants into non-smokers, smokers, and ex-smokers [defined as complete cessation for 1-2 years]. All subjects were screened for the presence of MS using the modified American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [AHA/NHLBI], International Diabetes Federation [IDF] and World Health Organization [WHO] definitions. Metabolic syndrome was highest among ex-smokers regardless of definition used. Relative risk for ex-smokers [95% CI: 2.23, 1.06-4.73] was more than twice in harboring MS as compared to non-smokers [95% CI: 2.78, 1.57-4.92] [p=0.009]. Acute post-cessation smoking is a strong predictor for MS among male and female Arabs. Smoking cessation programs should include a disciplined lifestyle and dietary intervention to counteract the MS-augmenting side-effect of smoking cessation

Risk factors for neonatal sepsis in tertiary hospital in Jordan

To study incidence, mortality, maternal and neonatal risk factors and causative microorganisms for neonatal sepsis. A total of 60 neonates with sepsis were studied during the period between January and December 2005. The clinical presentations, maternal, and neonatal risk factors and the time of neonatal death were recorded. Four hundred ninety nine [10.2%] out of 4902 live neonates were admitted for various reasons to the neonatal intensive care unit at King Hussein Medical Centre. Sixty [12.0%] babies had proven sepsis, 28 [46.7%] of these with early onset and 32 [53.3%] with late onset sepsis. Maternal risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis were: cesarean section in 22 [36.7%] cases, premature rupture of membranes in 4 [6.7%] cases, eclampsia in 4 [6.7%] cases, and maternal urinary tract infection in 3 [5%]. Neonatal risk factors observed were: male gender in 40 [66.7%] cases, low birth weight in 38 [63.3%] cases, prematurity in 32 [53.3%] cases, low Apgar score in 10 [16.7%] cases, and mechanical ventilation in 12 [20.0%] cases. Gram positive bacteria were isolated in 44 [73.3%] cases of which four died. However gram negative sepsis was associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. Twelve [20%] babies died, seven of them due to Klebsiella sepsis. Candida sepsis caused three cases of sepsis with one death. Most of deaths occurred out of working hours. Early recognition and prompt treatment of neonatal sepsis are of paramount importance particularly in the presence of risk factors

Electroencephalogram findings in Saudi children with delayed language development

To determine the possible relation between delayed language development [DLD], epilepsy and epileptiform Electroencephalogram [EEG] discharges in Saudi children. This study was conducted in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In this study 116 pediatric patients with delayed language development and similar number of age and sex matched controls were studied. The age range for both groups was 2-8 years. Children with intelligence quotient less than 70, hearing impairment and radiological evidence of structural cerebral disease were excluded from the study. Sleep and awake EEG was recorded in each case. The EEG was reviewed by a clinical neurophysiologist and a pediatric neurologist. Within the DLD group of children, 12.07% had epilepsy. This is significantly different [p<0.001] from the control group in which none of the children had epilepsy. In DLD group 26 patients [22.41%] had epileptiform discharges in their Electroencephalogram. However, in control group only one child [0.86%] had epileptiform discharges. The delayed language development patients had a significantly higher percentage of abnormal EEGs, p<0.001 compared to the control group. Furthermore, out of the 102 DLD patients, who had no seizure, 12 [11.76%], had epileptiform discharges in their EEG. It is concluded that the children with delayed language development are associated with higher prevalence of epileptiform EEG discharges and epilepsy compared to their control

Apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio in relation to various definitions of metabolic syndrome among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

To assess if the apolipoprotein Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM is associated with metabolic syndrome MetS. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 patients with T2DM, above 40 years of age, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital Diabetes Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January and December 2006. Metabolic syndrome was defined, and compared according to 3 criteria, namely, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization. In the 250 patients studied, all 3 definitions demonstrated significant increase in the Apo B/Apo A-I ratio, in Saudi type 2 diabetics with the MetS. There was a strong positive correlation between the Apo B/Apo A-I ratio and triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol r=0.43-0.54, p<0.0001, and a weak, yet significant, correlation r=0.14-0.21, p<0.05 with waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1c, however, not with body mass index r=0.01, p=0.88. In contrast, the ratio showed strong negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol r = -0.7, p < 0.0001. Apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio is significantly associated with MetS in Saudi patients with T2DM, similar to observations made in other ethnic groups

Evaluation of topical application of CHLO-SITE [chlorhexidine gel] in management of chronic periodontitis

The present study was designed to evaluate clinically and microbiologically the effects of topical application of CHLO-SITE [Chlorohexidine gel] in management of chronic periodontitis. This study was carried out on 15 patients [aged 25-55] with chronic periodontitis. They were received scaling and root planning [SRP] alone in one side and SRI plus CHLOSITE [Chlorhexidine gel] in other side. Each individual was subjected to the following measurements; [1] Evaluation of the clinical parameters pre and post treatment to detect the outcome of the treatment modality, [2] Dental plaque samples initially and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were obtained for microbiological evaluation showed that [1] CHLO-SITE [Chlorhexidine gel] delivered locally into periodontal diseased sites reduced all subgingival bacteria and [2] Both treatment and modality led to a highly statistically significant reduction in microbiological counts as well as clinical parameters applied. No clinical relevant side effects were observed

Local delivery of atridox [doxycycline gel] as adjunctive in management of chronic periodontitis

Treatment of chronic periodontitis affected patients is based on measures for reduction/ eradication of periodontal pathogens and alteration of the systemic and local host susceptibility. This study aimed to evaluation the effects of topical application of Atridox [Doxycycline gel] in management of chronic periodontitis. This study was carried out on 15 patients [aged 25-55] with chronic periodontitis. They were received scaling and root planning [SRP] alone in one side and SRP plus Atridox [Doxycycline gel] in other side. Each individual was subjected to the following measurements [1] Evaluation of the clinical parameters pre and post treatment to detect the outcome of the treatment modality and [2] Dental plaque samples initially and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were obtained for microbiological evaluation. [I] Atridox [Doxycycline gel] delivered locally into periodontal diseased sites reduced all subgingival bacteria and [2] Both treatment and modality led to a highly statistically significant reduction in microbiological counts as well as clinical parameters applied. No clinical relevant side effects were observed