Study on surgical approaches and electrode implantation of oculomotor nerve and inferior obliquus in beagle dogs

To study the surgical anatomy and approaches of intracranial oculomotor nerve [OMN] and inferior obliquus [IO], and the methods of their electrode implantation in dogs. The research was performed on 30 adult beagle dogs at Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College, Shanghai, China from November 2007 to August 2008. All animals were subjected to a right transfrontotemperal approach to intracranial OMN, a transconjunctival route to IO, and the neuro-stimulating and recording electrode implantation under general anaesthesia. The OMN was stimulated and the electromyography of IO recorded and analyzed with the Powerlab System. The security and reliability of the implanted electrodes were investigated. The surgical anatomy and approaches of both the OMN from its exit from midbrain to the entrance into cavernous sinus and the IO were described. Moreover, the implantation methods of OMN stimulating electrode and the electromyographic recording electrode of IO were displayed. The implanted electrodes were safe and reliable. Some electrophysiologic data of IO were obtained in the healthy dogs. Also, some perioperative precautions for intracranial and ophthalmic surgical procedures in dog were exhibited. The mortality rate of the dogs was 0%, and no operative complications were observed. With the data provided, these surgical approaches and the methods of electrode implantation offer a choice to construct an animal model for studying various aspects of OMN regeneration

Identification of multidrug resistance related genes in leukemia by suppression subtractive hybridization / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clone and screen genes related to multidrug resistance (MDR) in leukemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed to profile differentially expressed genes between a MDR leukemia cell line (K562/DOX, as tester) and its parent cell line (K562, as driver). Reverse Northern dot blot was carried out to further screen the subtracted cDNA library. The overexpressed cDNA fragments in K562/DOX cells were sequenced and compared with known genes in Genbank. RT-PCR and Northern blot were employed to confirm the differential expression of some identified genes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven genes were identified being overexpressed in K562/DOX, including S3 ribosomal protein (S3rp) gene, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene and My023 gene, which have not been reported to be related to MDR in cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Several genes, which might be involved in MDR were identified, indicating novel mechanisms of MDR in leukemia.</p>

Overexpression of S3 ribosomal protein gene is involved in drug resistance in K562/DOX cells / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of overexpression of S3 ribosomal protein (S3rp) gene on the resistance of leukemia cell to antitumor drugs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both sense and antisense cDNA recombinants of S3rp gene were constructed with pcDNA3.1 expression vector. Subsequently, the sense S3rp cDNA recombinant was transfected into K562 cells while the antisense one into K562/DOX cells (a multidrug resistant cell line). In addition, empty pcDNA3.1 vector was transfected into the corresponding cells as negative controls. The chemosensitivity of cells was evaluated by MTT assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sense S3rp cDNA transfected K562 cells were 5.8 times more resistant to doxorubicin than control cells did, whereas antisense S3rp cDNA transfected K562/DOX cells were 3.2 times less resistant to doxorubicin than control cells did.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Overexpression of S3rp gene plays an important role in the development of drug resistance in K562/DOX cells.</p>